scholarly journals Do Stay-at-Home Orders Cause People to Stay at Home? Effects of Stay-at-Home Orders on Consumer Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Diane Alexander ◽  
Ezra Karger
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
County Level ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Country Effects ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
At Home

Abstract We link the county-level rollout of stay-at-home orders during the Covid-19 pandemic to anonymized cell phone records and consumer spending data. We document three patterns. First, stay-at-home orders caused people to stay home: county-level measures of mobility declined 6-7% within two days of when the stayat-home order went into effect. Second, stay-at-home orders caused large reductions in spending in sectors associated with mobility: small businesses and large retail chains. Third, we estimate fairly uniform responses to stay-at-home orders across the country; effects do not vary by county-level income, political leanings, or urban/rural status.

scholarly journals Recent trends in breast cancer incidence in US white women by county-level urban/rural and poverty status

BMC Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia K Hausauer ◽  
Theresa HM Keegan ◽  
Ellen T Chang ◽  
Sally L Glaser ◽  
Holly Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
White Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
County Level ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Recent Trends

Consumer Behavior Changes Post Pandemic Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Tati Maryati
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
At Home

The Corona virus or Covid-19 which is unexpected will come to us, has an impact on health, economy and also humanity throughout the world and is able to fundamentally change the world. Supplements are disrupted because production is stopped, retail stores close, causing consumers to change their behavior, which had previously gone offline shopping. Not just shopping, when a pandemic, the way of thinking becomes different. Consumers around the world are looking for products and brands through new ways and new habits are formed. Online transactions focus more on basic products to make ends meet. The fact that Covid-19's anti-virus has not been found raises concerns about disrupted health and the Government's regulation to work and stay at home also raises concerns about disrupted businesses. Differences from habits and interests or preferences that are different for each person, provide different responses to the problems faced and solutions for the future. The habit of shopping offline has a tendency to continue for complementary products while food products are more directed towards offline. The rest eating habits at home can be continued because it provides more hygiene guarantees. The new habit of holding online meetings with distant relatives or colleagues will be increasingly considered given the many more positive things that can be obtained. Likewise with work problems, working from home is more interesting to consider because it is more efficient and effective and the results can be more productive. This new consumer behavior is adjusted to provide satisfaction for many parties, with the assistance of institutions or governments that oversee the security of supply and demand and maintain the stability of both. 

scholarly journals Association between Rural Land Use Transition and Urban–Rural Integration Development: From 2009 to 2018 Based on County-Level Data in Shandong Province, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Yang ◽  
Nengneng Shen ◽  
Yanbo Qu ◽  
Bailin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
County Level ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
Rural Land Use ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Integrated development in urban and rural areas has led to a new form of urban–rural interdependence, which promotes rural territorial functional evolution and land use changes. Rural land use transition, showing the synchronous development between cities and villages, is an important window through which to observe integrated development in urban and rural areas. We focus on uncovering the association between rural land use transition and urban–rural integration development (URID), put forward a dynamic relationship assumption between rural land use transformation and URID stages based on the transmission mechanism of urban–rural linkages, and undertake empirical analysis using the panel regression model with the data of county-level administrative units in Shandong Province, China. The results show that rural land use transition has maintained a close association with URID, and that the changes in cultivated land, forest land, and surface-water area are highly related to URID. There are different leading urban–rural linkages in rural areas around big-sized cities, mid-sized cities, and small-sized cities, which determine whether rural areas are in different URID stages of high, medium, or low levels. Further, rural areas can take different actions to promote URID at different stages through strengthening or introducing urban–rural linkages driven by economies of scale and deepening urbanization. This provides a reference for developing countries to formulate rural land use policies on achieving the goal of URID.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Urban–Rural Income Gap in Gansu Province of China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Kaixu Zhao ◽  
Sidong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
County Level ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Group Matrix ◽  
Urban Rural

The urban–rural income gap is a principal indicator for evaluating the sustainable development of a region, and even the comprehensive strength of a country. The study of the urban–rural income gap and its changing spatial patterns and influence factors is an important basis for the formulation of integrated urban–rural development planning. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on 84 county-level cities in Gansu Province by using various analysis tools, such as GIS, GeoDetector and Boston Consulting Group Matrix. The findings show that: (1) The urban–rural income gap in Gansu province is at a high level in spatial correlation and agglomeration, leading to the formation of a stepped and solidified spatial pattern. (2) Different factors vary greatly in influence, for example, per capita Gross Domestic Product, alleviating poverty policy and urbanization rate are the most prominent, followed by those such as floating population, added value of secondary industry and number of Internet users. (3) The driving mechanism becomes increasingly complex, with the factor interaction effect of residents’ income dominated by bifactor enhancement, and that of the urban–rural income gap dominated by non-linear enhancement. (4) The 84 county-level cities in Gansu Province are classified into four types of early warning zones, and differentiated policy suggestions are made in this paper.

scholarly journals Trendovi uparivanja hrane i vina u svetu i razvoj gastroenoloških ponuda u restoranima u Srbiji

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Ivana Janković ◽  
Miloš Ćirić
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Synergistic Combination ◽  
The Republic ◽  
At Home

Food and wine have long been a synergistic combination, ie. They complemented each other's experiences. The task of this paper is to determine which characteristics of food and wine influence the formation of the gastroenterological experience. The aim of this paper is a researcher in which measures are used at home in Serbia and in which foreign wines and which are characterized by ago of gastroenological offer. The gastroenological offer processed in this research shows that there is a lot of representation of foreign wines in restaurants, as a guideline for development in the field of harmonization of food and wine, it should give more emphasis to domestic dishes and domestic wines. This certainly contributes to the development of small businesses and local growers to be better placed and promoted to both domestic guests and tourists. Belgrade, as the capital of the Republic of Serbia and as the main tourist destination, should adjust the offer of both food and wine in its restaurants. There are tourists for whom the primary goal of travel is a gastroenological experience, they want to try as much localized food and wine as possible, while there are also those whose primary goal is not gastroenology during the trip and they want to consume something familiar to them. Restaurants or other catering facilities should definitely be adapted to the guests.

scholarly journals An Improved Indicator System for Evaluating the Progress of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Sub-Target 9.1 in County Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Xu ◽  
Jianjun Bai ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indicator System ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
County Level ◽  
Road Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Rural Access ◽  
The Relationship

In order to assess the progress of the SDG sub-target 9.1 at the county level, the SDG indicator 9.1.1 (rural access index) and 9.1.2 (passenger and freight volumes) were implemented in Deqing County, China to explore the fitness-for-purpose of these indicators for county level evaluations. It is found that the country-oriented indicator system has some localization problems and cannot fully reflect the connotation of the SDG sub-target 9.1 when used in the county level. An improved indicator system was built by modifying the SDG indicator 9.1.1 and adding three more indicators (namely the road density, accessibility, and total postal business). The analysis of the calculation process and results showed that the improved indicator system can solve the problems arising from the original SDG indicator when applied in the county level. The modified resident access index can eliminate the dependence of the original indicator 9.1.1 calculations on urban-rural boundary data, and takes into account the urban vulnerable groups such as urban villages residents. While the road density and accessibility can be used to measure the quantity, quality, and connectivity of the road and the reality of the residents to obtain the road, which enables the indicators to reflect the necessary details of the level of the transportation infrastructure construction. The total postal business can help the SDG indicator 9.1.2 reflect the relationship between the transportation infrastructure construction and the development of the economic and people’s livelihood.

scholarly journals Hospice at Home services in England: a national survey

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2019-001818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Rees-Roberts ◽  
Peter Williams ◽  
Ferhana Hashem ◽  
Charlotte Brigden ◽  
Kay Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Hospice At Home ◽  
Service Managers ◽  
At Home

ObjectiveHospice at Home (HAH) services aim to enable patients to be cared for and die at home, if that is their choice and achieve a ‘good death’. A national survey, in 2017, aimed to describe and compare the features of HAH services and understand key enablers to service provision.MethodsService managers of adult HAH services in the ‘Hospice UK’ and National Association for Hospice at Home directories within England were invited to participate. Information on service configuration, referral, staffing, finance, care provision and enablers to service provision were collected by telephone interview.ResultsOf 128 services invited, 70 (54.7%) provided data. Great diversity was found. Most services operated in mixed urban/rural (74.3%) and mixed deprivation (77.1%) areas and provided hands-on care (97.1%), symptom assessment and management (91.4%), psychosocial support (94.3%) and respite care (74.3%). Rapid response (within 4 hours) was available in 65.7%; hands-on care 24 hours a day in 52.2%. Charity donations were the main source of funding for 71.2%. Key enablers for service provision included working with local services (eg, district nursing, general practitioner services), integrated health records, funding and anticipatory care planning. Access to timely medication and equipment was critical.ConclusionThere is considerable variation in HAH services in England. Due to this variation it was not possible to categorise services into delivery types. Services work to supplement local care using a flexible approach benefitting from integration and funding. Further work defining service features related to patient and/or carer outcomes would support future service development.

scholarly journals Association of cell phone location data and trends in COVID-19 infections during loosening of stay-at-home restrictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv T Sehra ◽  
Louis J Kishfy ◽  
Alexander Brodski ◽  
Michael D George ◽  
Douglas J Wiebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Location Data ◽  
At Home

Bringing it All Back Home

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
A Cell ◽  
At Home ◽  
Older Child

ABSTRACT:Not so long ago I interviewed a computer engineer in her home. Surrounded with toys and a napping baby—the interview time had been chosen carefully—she talked about how she worked as an independent contractor for a large electronics company. Connected by high-speed broadband, two telephone lines, and a cell phone, she felt fully integrated into the work, exchanging electronic files with her colleagues and having telephone conversations with customers two continents and umpteen time zones away. She told me she often worked late after the baby was in bed and during the baby's afternoon nap before she went to pick her older child up from school. Despite these odd working times, however, she was convinced that none of the company's customers and only some of her work colleagues knew that she worked at home. She was very contented with the arrangement.

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