Diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) from Arasbaran forests and rangelands in north-west Iran

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Nikdel ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Christine T. Griffin ◽  
Naser Eivazian Kary
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
North West ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Species Being

Abstract A survey for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was carried out in the Arasbaran forests and rangelands, East Azarbaijan province, north-west Iran, during 2006 to 2008. A total of 691 soil samples were collected from 62 localities across the region of which 21 samples (3%) were positive for EPN, including nine samples (1.3%) with heterorhabditids and 12 (1.7%) with steinernematids. Seven isolates (four Steinernema and three Heterorhabditis) were recovered from rangelands and 14 (eight Steinernema and six Heterorhabditis) from forest soil samples. Based on morphology and molecular studies, the Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as H. bacteriophora and the Steinernema isolates as S. carpocapsae, S. bicornutum, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, S. kraussei and three undescribed species referred to here as Steinernema sp. IRAZ7, Steinernema sp. IRAZ13 and Steinernema sp. IRAZ21. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, the most common species, was present in nine soil samples collected across the forests and rangelands, and of the Steinernema species, S. bicornutum was obtained from three samples, the other species being found from only one or two samples.

scholarly journals A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the north-west of Iran

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Eivazian Kary ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Seyed Abolgasem Mohammadi ◽  
Christine Griffin ◽  
Mohammad Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

AbstractDuring 2002-2004, a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted for the first time in Iran throughout the three provinces in the north-west of the country. Soil samples were tested for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Of the 833 soil samples studied 27 were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (3.2%), with 17 (2.0%) containing Heterorhabditis and ten (1.2%) Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were carried out to characterise isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema as Steinernema carpocapsae, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was the most common species, which was isolated from 17 sites across the three provinces. Steinernema feltiae was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from eight sites but in only two provinces. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. bicornutum were each isolated from only one site. Steinernema spp. were isolated mainly from orchards and grasslands but Heterorhabditis was isolated mainly from grasslands and alfalfa fields.

scholarly journals A Study of the Micropore Structure of Carbonized Rayon Yarn by Nitrogen Adsorption and Nonane Pre-Adsorption

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Bohra ◽  
K. S. W. Sing
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Micropore Structure ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gain Access

Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen have been determined at 77 K on three samples of carbonized rayon yarn, both before and after the pre-adsorption of n-nonane. In their original state the three samples were all highly microporous. Application of the αs-method of isotherm analysis reveals that their micropore volumes were 0·17–0·19 cm3g−1 and their external surface areas 20–27 m2g−1 (the corresponding BET areas being 427–483 m2g−1). Nonane pre-adsorption resulted in blockage of the entire micropore structure only in the case of one sample: micropore volumes ∼0·1 cm3g−1 were still available for nitrogen adsorption in the other two samples. It appears that nitrogen molecules were able to gain access to some parts of these micropore structures through wider pore entrances which were not completely blocked by the pre-adsorbed nonane. The work has shown that the nonane pre-adsorption method requires further investigation before it can be used with confidence for the assessment of microporosity.

An in situ study of the phase transitions among CaCO3 high-pressure polymorphs

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyin Yuan ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Wide Pressure Range ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Wide Pressure

AbstractThe phase transitions involving calcite (CaCO3-I), CaCO3-II, CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb were investigated using a diamond anvil cell and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Based on the results obtained from in situ observations and Raman measurements made with six natural calcite crystals, the phase transition from calcite to CaCO3-II took place between 1.56 and 1.67 GPa under ambient temperature. Under a precise pressure of 1.97 ± 0.03 GPa, three CaCO3 samples were observed to transform from CaCO3-II directly to CaCO3-III, while in the other three samples both CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb crystal structures were detected. Transformation from CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III was completed in a short period in one sample, whereas in the other two samples coexistence of CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb was observed over a wide pressure range from 1.97 to 3.38 GPa, with sluggish transformation from CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III being observed after the samples were preserved under 3.38 GPa for 72 h. Hence, it can be concluded that CaCO3-IIIb is a metastable intermediate phase occurring during the reconstructive transformation from CaCO3-II to CaCO3-III. Splitting of the C–O in-plane bending (ν4) and symmetric stretching (ν1) vibrations and appearance of new lattice vibrations in the Raman spectra of CaCO3-III and CaCO3-IIIb suggest a lowering in crystal symmetry during the transformation from CaCO3-II through CaCO3-IIIb to CaCO3-III, which is in good agreement with the observed sequence of phase symmetries.

Naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in the province of West-Flanders, Belgium

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Miduturi ◽  
M. Moens ◽  
W.M. Hominick ◽  
B.R. Briscoe ◽  
A.P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
North West ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe presence of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) was surveyed in the West-Flanders province in the north-west of Belgium. In 21 sites of different agronomical situations, 130 soil samples were taken. Using the Galleria larva bait technique, 16 soil samples were found positive for epns. Fifteen samples were found to contain Steinernema spp. (nine S.feltiae, five S. affinis, one Steinemema species B3). The remaining positive sample contained Heterorhabditis sp. (North West European strain). The morphometric characters of the isolates were highly variable and did not correspond precisely to the original descriptions; however, biochemical characterization confirmed their identity. The epns were isolated from 50%, 18.8% or 12.3% of the samples taken in sand dunes, grassland or woodlands, respectively. S. feltiae and S. affinis were isolated in these three habitats; Heterorhabditis sp. was found in a grassland habitat. Steinernema feltiae was prevalent in loamy sand soils with a wide range of organic matter content; S. affinis, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema species B3 were isolated in sandy loam soils. All the positive sample sites were in the pH range of 4.0–8.1. This is the first report of naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes in Belgium.

The occurrence and distribution of Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus spp. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) in the Slovak Republic

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Liskova ◽  
Dieter Sturhan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
River Bank ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe occurrence of trichodorids in a selected range of biotopes (fields and gardens, grassland, vineyards, orchards, forests, river banks and bushland) and their geographical distribution were studied throughout Slovakia. From a total of 684 soil samples collected, trichodorids were recovered from 225 (= 33%). Although members of the family Trichodoridae were present in more than 50% of the samples from forests and river bank vegetation, the prevalence of these nematodes in other biotopes was less than 20%. Six Trichodorus species (T. primitivus, T. similis, T. sparsus, T. variopapillatus, T. viruliferus and an undescribed species) and two Paratrichodorus species (P. macrostylus and P. pachydermus) were identified. T. sparsus was the most frequently occurring species (58% of all trichodorid records); the prevalence of the other seven species each accounted for less than 10% of the records. Individual trichodorid species showed an association with characteristic types of vegetation; e.g., T. sparsus was the dominant species in forest biotopes, T. similis preferred grassland, and T. variopapillatus wet soil associated with river bank vegetation. With the exception of T. sparsus and P. macrostylus, which occurred in various types of soil (sandy to loamy-clay), the other trichodorid species were found exclusively in lighter soils (sandy to loamy-sandy). T. variopapillatus is reported from the Slovak Republic for the first time and the records of P. macrostylus occurring in various biotopes in Slovakia extends the information on geographical distribution and ecology of this rare species. Vorkommen und Verbreitung von Trichodorus und Paratrichodorus spp. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) in der Slowakischen Republik - Das Vorkommen von Trichodoriden in verschiedenen Biotoptypen (Acker und Garten, Grasland, Weinberge, Obstanlagen, Walder und Flussufer) und ihre geographische Verbreitung in der Slowakei wurden untersucht. In 225 (= 33%) von 684 untersuchten Bodenproben waren Trichodoriden nachweisbar. Wahrend in mehr als 50% der Proben aus Waldern und von Flussufern Arten der Familie Trichodoridae vorkamen, lag der Anteil 'positiver' Proben bei anderen Biotopen unter 20%. Sechs Trichodorus Arten (T. primitivus, T. similis, T. sparsus, T. variopapillatus, T. viruliferus und eine unbeschriebene Art) und zwei Paratrichodorus Arten (P. macrostylus, P. pachydermus) wurden nachgewiesen. T. sparsus wurde am haufigsten gefunden (58% aller TrichodoridenNachweise); der Anteil der ubrigen sieben Arten lag jeweils unter 10%. Einzelne Arten zeigten eine Bevorzugung bestimmter Vegetationstypen. So war T. sparsus die dominante Art in Waldbiotopen, T. similis bevorzugte Grasland und T. variopapillatus nasse Boden unter Flussufervegetation. Mit Ausnahme von T. sparsus und P. macrostylus, die in verschiedenen Bodenarten (sandig bis lehmigtonig) auftraten, wurden die ubrigen Arten ausschliesslich in leichten, sandigen bis sandig-lehmigen Boden gefunden. T. variopapillatus wird erstmals fur die Slowakische Republik gemeldet. Die Feststellung von P. macrostylus in verschiedenen Biotopen in der Slowakei erweitert unsere Kenntnisse uber die geographische Verbreitung und Okologie dieser seltenen Art.

scholarly journals X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Epitaxial Layers of CdTe on Sapphire

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W Stevenson ◽  
Geoff N Pain
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Anomalous Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Species Being

The anomalous scattering of X-rays has been used to determine the polarity of CdTe epitaxial layers on sapphire. The results for two samples are presented, one of (111) orientation ('A face'), the other of (III) orientation (,B face'). The (III) layer is twinned, the two twin species being related by a 180� rotation about the [1111 axis. The twin fraction shows considerable variation for different positions on this sample, and must be taken into account when analysing the integrated X-ray intensities, in order to get meaningful Bijvoet ratios. The polarities of the two twin species are found to be the same.

Heterorhabditis floridensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Florida

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1177 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHUONG B. NGUYEN ◽  
UGUR GOZEL ◽  
HEATHER S. K_PPENH_FER ◽  
BYRON J. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Terminal Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
A New Species

In a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes associated with plants and trees in areas adjacent to production citrus groves in Florida, a new species of nematode in the genus Heterorhabditis was found based of morphological and molecular studies. The new nematode is described as Heterorhabditis floridensis n. sp. H. floridensis n. sp. is characterized by males, females, and infective juveniles. For males, the number of papillae in the terminal group of bursa is variable, either with 2 pairs of papillae (40%), with 3 papillae on one side and 2 papillae on the other side (30%), with one pair of papillae (20%), or with three pairs of papillae (10%). SW and GS values are 179 and 50, respectively. Females have a typical vulva pattern, which is different from that of closely related nematode species H. bacteriophora, H. mexicana, and H. indica. For infective juveniles, EP=109 (101–122) µ m, ES=135 (123–142) µ m, tail length=103 (91–113) µ m, and a=27.6 (25–32) are different from those of the above-mentioned three related nematodes. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS regions show that the new species forms a clade with H. mexicana, H. baujardi and H. indica and differs from these species by several nucleotide autapomorphies.

Use of Sodium Substitutes in Cottage Cheese and Buttermilk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. DEMOTT ◽  
J. P. HITCHCOCK ◽  
P. M. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Salt Substitute ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

Twenty-four market samples of cottage cheese had an average sodium concentration of 4.91 ± 1.20 mg/g. Two samples of cottage cheese formulated to contain 1.1% “Lite” and Zyest, and having sodium concentrations of 3.23 and 2.54 mg/g had significantly lower flavor scores than a sample containing 1.4% NaCl and having 6.25 mg of Na/g. The Standard Plate Counts and the yeast and mold counts on the cottage cheese after storing 10 d at 4°C were not different between samples containing salt, salt substitute or salt substitute plus a dry yeast preparation. Psychrotrophic bacteria were more numerous in the samples containing the yeast preparation. Four samples of buttermilk containing .015% “Zyest 45-F” and .25% NaCl, .25% “Lite” and .015% “Zyest 45-F”, .25% NaCl, or .25% “Lite” had comparable flavor scores. The sodium concentrations of the four samples were 1.096, .793, 1.125 and .771 mg/g, respectively. The growth of yeasts and molds in samples containing “Zyest 45-F” and “Lite” was slightly but not significantly greater than the other three samples. Psychrotrophic counts on buttermilk after 7 d of storage at 4°C were much lower than the original counts, but were not influenced by the additives used.

Resistivity Measurement of P+-Implanted 4H-SiC Samples Prepared at Different Implantation and Annealing Temperatures Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 1004 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Kotaro Ishiji ◽  
Seiji Kawado ◽  
Yasuharu Hirai ◽  
Shinji Nagamachi
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lattice Disorder ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Peak Widths

The resistivities of P+-implanted 4H-SiC samples, each prepared at different implantation and annealing temperatures, were measured using terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry and compared with the results of the previously reported Raman spectra. The 4H-SiC samples of one group were implanted with P+ at 30 °C, 150 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C, respectively, and annealed at 1600 °C. The resistivity was found to be approximately 8 mΩ·cm for the samples implanted at 30 and 150 °C and approximately 2 mΩ·cm for the remaining two samples. The 4H-SiC samples of the other group were implanted at 500 °C followed by annealing at 1200 °C, 1400 °C, 1600 °C, and 1800 °C, respectively. The resistivity was measured as 10 mΩ·cm for the sample annealed at 1200 °C and 3.0−1.8 mΩ·cm for the remaining three samples. These resistivity values are correlated with the Raman peak widths that reflect the lattice disorder.

scholarly journals Distribution and diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in a South African nature reserve

Koedoe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiah Nthenga ◽  
Rinus Knoetze ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Two Samples

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are microscopic roundworms that are found in soil worldwide. They deliver an important ecosystem service through preventing natural flares in insect reproduction by means of utilising the soil stages of insects as a food source and by acting as natural biocontrol agents. A survey of EPNs was conducted in the JS Marais Nature Reserve, Stellenbosch, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Soil samples were baited with the larvae of three susceptible hosts, codling moth (Cydia pomonella), wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) to determine the presence of EPN. Of the 76 soil samples collected across the reserve, 39 were found to be positive for the presence of EPN (51.32%). Among the positive samples, 87% contained Steinernema isolates, 8% contained Heterorhabditis and 5% contained the Oscheius sp. Morphological and molecular studies were performed to characterise the isolates to species level. The Steinernema species were identified as Steinernema khoisanae in 34 samples, and as Steinernema nguyeni in five samples. The only species of Heterorhabditis found was H. safricana, which was identified from three samples. An unknown Oscheius sp. was found in two samples. The reserve’s population of S. khoisanae showed interesting inter-individual variation (93%) early in the internal transcribe spacer (ITS) region, leading to short single-usable sequences, which, in most cases, included only the ITS1 or ITS2 region. However, using the D2D3 confirmed their identity as S. khoisanae, with such occurring in all areas and soil types of the reserve.Conservation implications: The undisturbed alluvial fynbos and renosterveld of the JS Marais Nature Reserve showed high EPN abundance and diversity in stark contrast to the agro-ecosystems present in the Cape floristic region. This finding, on a micro level, should be conserved for future bioprospecting in the fynbos for EPNs with potential as biocontrol agents.

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