The Orientation of JESHO's Orient and the Problem of 'Orientalism': Some Reflections on the Occasion of JESHO's Fiftieth Anniversary

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Zurndorfer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Global History ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
En Face ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis essay traces the fifty-year history of JESHO from its initiation by the Dutch economic historian N.W. Posthumus to the present. It appraises what values and assumptions propelled the Journal's first editors to utilize the expression 'Orient' in the publication's title, and how they coped with the changing vicissitudes of historical writing about 'the Rest' from the 1960s onward, including the impact of 'area studies' in North America. Finally, it gives a brief overview of the 'highs and lows' of JESHO's history, and how the most recent editors have readdressed the Journal's original mission to meet the demands of both exacting source-orientated original research and the writing of global history. JESHO a été fondé il y a cinquante ans par l'historien économique néerlandais N.W. Posthumus. Cette contribution en trace l'histoire depuis le début jusqu'jusqu'à aujourd'hui en évaluant quelques thèmes historiographiques, tels que les valeurs et hypothèses qui ont amené les premiers éditeurs à inclure le terme 'l'Orient' dans le titre de la revue, la façon dont ils s'en s'ont tirés en face des vicissitudes des écrits historiques concernant 'le reste du monde' depuis les années soixante, y compris l'effet de la recherche sur les aires régionales dans l'Amérique du Nord. Pour finir nous toucherons brièvement aux qualités et faiblesses de ces cinquante années, et à la manière dont les éditeurs de nos jours s'acquittent de la vocation des premiers temps de JESHO qui exige que la recherche soit innovatrice ainsi qu'orientée vers les sources primaires difficiles à pénétrer et tienne compte de l'histoire mondiale.

Our Rightful Place

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Birdwhistell ◽  
Deirdre A. Scaggs
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Rightful Place ◽  
Women's Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Since women first entered the University of Kentucky (UK) in 1880 they have sought, demanded, and struggled for equality within the university. The period between 1880 and 1945 at UK witnessed women’s suffrage, two world wars, and an economic depression. It was during this time that women at UK worked to take their rightful place in the university’s life prior to the modern women’s movement of the 1960s and beyond. The history of women at UK is not about women triumphant, and it remains an untidy story. After pushing for admission into a male-centric campus environment, women created women’s spaces, women’s organizations, and a women’s culture often patterned on those of men. At times, it seemed that a goal was to create a woman’s college within the larger university. However, coeducation meant that women, by necessity, competed with men academically while still navigating the evolving social norms of relationships between the sexes. Both of those paths created opportunities, challenges, and problems for women students and faculty. By taking a more women-centric view of the campus, this study shows more clearly the impact that women had over time on the culture and environment. It also allows a comparison, and perhaps a contrast, of the experiences of UK women with other public universities across the United States.

scholarly journals Particularity of Canada-Mexico bilateral relations (from beginning to entry into force NAFTA Agreement)

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Oleh Bulka
Keyword(s):  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Organizational Mechanism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the particularity of Canada-Mexico bilateral relations in the period from their beginning to signing and entry into force the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It is noted that from the time of first contacts bilateral relations between two countries have developed unevenly with periods of increase and periods of decline. It is determined that in the history of Canada-Mexico relations before signing NAFTA can be identified four main periods. The first one is a period of early contacts that lasted from the end of XIX century to the establishment of the official diplomatic relations between Canada and Mexico in 1944. In this period of time ties between the two countries were extremely weak. The second period lasted from 1944 to the end of the 1960s. This period clearly shows the limits of cooperation between Canada and Mexico after the establishment of the official diplomatic ties, but it is also possible to see a certain coincidence between the values and diplomatic strategies of these countries. The third period of Canada-Mexico relations lasted from the beginning of the 1970s to the end of the 1980s. During this period, both Canada and Mexico try to diversify their foreign policy and strengthen the organizational mechanism of mutual cooperation. But it is also shown that despite the warm political rhetoric, there was some distance in Canada-Mexico relations. The fourth period of the relations lasted from the late 1980s until the NAFTA treaty came into force in 1994. At that time Canadian and Mexican governments began to give priority to economic relations over political and diplomatic ones. It was revealed that the main influencing factors of bilateral relations between Mexico and Canada were the impact of third countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States, regional and global economic conditions, and the attitude to the bilateral relations of the political elites of both countries.

The Historiographical Legacy of Salo Wittmayer Baron: The Medieval Period

AJS Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Robert Chazan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Salo Wittmayer Baron on the study of the history of the Jews during the Middle Ages has been enormous. This impact has, in part, been generated by Baron's voluminous writings, in particular his threevolume The Jewish Community and–even more so–his eighteen-volume Social and Religious History of the Jews. Equally decisive has been Baron's influence through his students and his students' students. Almost all researchers here in North America currently engaged in studying aspects of medieval Jewish history can surely trace their intellectual roots back to Salo Wittmayer Baron. In a real sense, many of Baron's views have become widey assumed starting points for the field, ideas which need not be proven or irgued but are simply accepted as givens. Over the next decade or decades, hese views will be carefully identified and reevaluated. At some point, a major study of Baron's legacy, including his influence on the study of medieval Jewish history, will of necessity eventuate. Such a study will have, on the one hand, its inherent intellectual fascination; at the same time, it will constitute an essential element in the next stages of the growth of the field, as it inevitably begins to make its way beyond Baron and his twentieth-century ambience.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Nicos Hadjinicolaou's “Art Centers and Peripheral Art” (1982)

ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Terry Smith
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Book Art ◽  
Hard Edge ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Change in the history of art has many causes, but one often overlooked by art historical institutions is the complex, unequal set of relationships that subsist between art centers and peripheries. These take many forms, from powerful penetration of peripheral art by the subjects, styles and modes of the relevant center, through accommodation to this penetration to various degrees and kinds of resistance to it. Mapping these relationships should be a major task for art historians, especially those committed to tracing the reception of works of art and the dissemination of ideas about art. This lecture, delivered by Nicos Hadjinicolaou in 1982, outlines a “political art geography” approach to these challenges, and demonstrates it by exploring four settings: the commissioning of paintings commemorating key battles during the Greek War of Independence; the changes in Diego Rivera's style on his return to Mexico from Paris in the 1920s; the impact on certain Mexican artists in the 1960s of “hard edge” painting from the United States; and the differences between Socialist Realism in Moscow and in the Soviet Republics of Asia during the mid-twentieth century. The lecture is here translated into English for the first time and is introduced by Terry Smith, who relates it to its author's long-term art historical quest, as previously pursued in his book Art History and Class Struggle (1973).

scholarly journals Global History, Area studies, and the Idea of Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stanziani
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Global History ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Image Caption

In most history departments on the European continent Europe is History while the history of other regions only can be described as “area studies.” This paper investigates the long-term origins of these attitudes, since Humanism and the Enlightenment, down to Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries forms of history writing. It finally suggests to overcome area studies and decentralise social sciences.   Image Caption: Giovanni Maria Cassini, Globo terrestre, in Nuovo atlante geografico universale delineato sulle ultime osservazioni (Rome, 1790). © 2000 by Cartography Associates, under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence.

scholarly journals Writing University History in Great Britain, from the 1960s to the Present = Escribiendo Historia de la Universidad en Gran Bretaña, desde 1960 hasta la actualidad

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Social History ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
University History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Universities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: This article surveys the writing of university history in Great Britain since the 1960s, when its modern foundations were laid through the impact of the new social history. Specific features of the British case include the separate university histories of England and Scotland, which have conditioned the kind of history that can be written; the duopoly of Oxford and Cambridge before the nineteenth century; and the growth of a national system by the accretion of new strata, with their own distinct histories. The 1980s and 1990s were marked by large collective projects, at Oxford, Cambridge and Aberdeen. The tradition of writing histories of individual institutions (including Oxford and Cambridge colleges) has continued, though today on a more scholarly basis than in the past. Among the general themes investigated in recent years have been relations between universities and industry, the growth of state intervention and finance, universities and elites, links with the British empire, the development of disciplines and curricula, student life, the growth of women’s higher education, and university architecture. University historians have been influenced by the historiographical turn from social to cultural history. But while individual research flourishes, the history of universities has not become a formal subdiscipline in Britain, and the article considers why this is so.Resumen: Este artículo examina los trabajos sobre la historia universitaria en Gran Bretaña desde la década de 1960, cuando sus fundamentos modernos fueron despedidos por el impacto de la nueva historia social. Las características específicas del caso británico incluyen las historias separadas de las universidades de Inglaterra y Escocia, que han condicionado el tipo de historia que se puede escribir; el duopolio de Oxford y Cambridge antes del siglo XIX; y el crecimiento de un sistema nacional mediante la adición de los nuevos estratos, con sus propias historias diferenciadas. Los años 1980 y 1990 se caracterizaron por grandes proyectos colectivos, Oxford, Cambridge y Aberdeen. La tradición de escribir historias de las instituciones individuales (incluyendo las universidades de Oxford y Cambridge) ha continuado, aunque hoy en día de forma más académica que en el pasado. Entre los temas generales investigados en los últimos años han sido las relaciones entre las universidades y la industria, el crecimiento de la intervención del Estado y las finanzas, las universidades y las élites, los nexos con el imperio británico, el desarrollo de disciplinas y programas de estudio, la vida de los estudiantes, el crecimiento de la educación superior de las mujeres y la arquitectura de la universidad. Los historiadores de la universidad se han visto influenciados por el giro historiográfico de lo social a la historia cultural. Sin embargo, aunque la investigación individual florece, la historia de las universidades no se ha convertido en una subdisciplina formal en Gran Bretaña, y el artículo analiza por qué esto es así.Keywords: Great Britain, Scotland, universities, history of universities, social history.Palabras clave: Gran Bretaña, Escocia, universidades, historia de las universidades, historia social.

The Impact of Communications in Global History

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Heidi Tworek
Keyword(s):  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Global History ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter emphasizes how understanding the impact of communications can help the interdisciplinary thrust to integrate sociology with history and international relations (IR). It discusses a global history of how communications affected populations around the world, which demonstrates why they played a key role in differentiation. It also talks about how colonialism helped to entrench imperial rule for decades before anticolonial activists used some Western communications systems in their favour. The chapter assesses the contemporary situation, where American-owned social media companies appeared to be the drivers of democratic social change during the Arab Spring of 2011, but now seem to foster conspiracy-theory-driven violence. It presents nine different forms of impact, subdivided into cultural, economic, political, and environmental clusters that illustrate the myriad uneven global effects of communications over time and space.

Popular Culture, Violence, and Religion in Gloria's Story

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Wealth Concentration ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Hospital Births ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

One of the most vexing challenges accompanying any attempt to reconstruct the legal history of the family is deciding how much interpretive weight to assign to social factors as opposed to legal factors. “Gloria's Story” is loaded with social history, in part because it focuses on a small group of decidedly non-elite characters. It discusses non-legal matters as big as the impact of wealth concentration on the Guatemalan family and as small as the social significance of home births, as opposed to hospital births, in Quetzaltenango during the 1960s. Nonetheless, the most important factors driving the analysis are legal, not social. The article's central argument—that “modernizing” legal reforms adopted in Guatemala since the mid-nineteenth century have fortified, not weakened, adulterous concubinage—emphasizes the effects of legal change.

Women and Capitalism: Oppression or Emancipation? A Review Article

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transition To Capitalism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Status Of Women

In the last few years, work in social history and the history of women has centred on the transition to capitalism and the great bourgeois political revolutions—also variously described as industrialization, urbanisation, and modernisation. Throughout this work runs a steady debate about the improvement or deterioration brought about by these changes in the lives of women and working people. On the whole, sociologists of the 1960s and early 1970s and many recent historians have been optimistic about the changes in women's position, while feminist and Marxist scholars have taken a much more gloomy view.1 There has been little debate between the two sides, yet the same opposed arguments about the impact of capitalism on the status of women crop up not only in accounts of Britain from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, but also in work on women in the Third World, and cry out for critical assessment.

The Impact of Roe on Prenatal Tort Litigation: On the Public Policy of Unexpected Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-160
Author(s):  
Luke Isaac Haqq
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
Tort Litigation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article provides a history of especial importance to abortion politics today, based on research involving a dataset of over 1,200 wrongful conception, wrongful birth, wrongful life, and standard torts for prenatal injuries. In documenting the rise of these torts over the twentieth century, I specifically focus on how this domain of litigation dramatically changed beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, with the recognition of the constitutional rights to contraception and abortion. I provide an exhaustive survey of an underappreciated yet robust arena of public policy at the intersection of reproductive rights and tort law, emphasizing the reciprocal relationship between these torts and reproductive rights. State courts and legislatures continue to debate into the present about whether to ban, permit, or restrict damages in these torts, debates that have been perennial since the early 1970s. Using several timelines created in Stata to plot the annual frequency of the above cases from the late 1800s into the present, as well as several maps providing a 50-state overview, I highlight a specific arena in which reproductive rights are forged, one revealing problematic aspects of a “post-Roe era” of public policy regarding the benefits and harms of unexpected children.

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