The Tragedy of the Margins: Land Rights and Marginal Lands in Vietnam (c. 1800-1945)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kleinen
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Red River ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
And Control

Abstract This article deals with aspects of official land registers in pre-colonial and colonial Vietnam and their relationship with marginal lands since the eleventh century and especially since the beginning of the nineteenth century. The changing pattern of land ownership and control is studied in detail in one specific village in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. Several practices of land use and land distribution are discussed, as are various efforts in parts of Vietnam to expand agricultural land, in particular near rivers and coasts, especially as a result of land reclamation. The study of marginal lands is focused on alluvial lands, which were seen originally as empty or waste lands but gradually developed into safety nets for the poor. The traditional social function of these communal waste lands, managed by village elites, was eroded and became a tool for manipulation in the hands of state and village authorities.

Climate Change and Land Use Change of Rural Households in The Red River Delta, Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Ngoc Luu Bich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Farming Households

Climate change (CC) and its impacts on the socio-economy and the development of communities has become an issue causing very special concern. The rise in global temperatures, in sea levels, extreme weather phenomena, and salinization have occurred more and more and have directly influenced the livelihoods of rural households in the Red River Delta – one of the two regions projected to suffer strongly from climate change in Vietnam. For farming households in this region, the major and traditional livelihoods are based on main production materials as agricultural land, or aquacultural water surface Changes in the land use of rural households in the Red River Delta during recent times was influenced strongly by the Renovation policy in agriculture as well as the process of industrialization and modernization in the country. Climate change over the past 5 years (2005-2011) has started influencing household land use with the concrete manifestations being the reduction of the area cultivated and the changing of the purpose of land use.

scholarly journals Coastal morphological changes in the Red River Delta under increasing natural and anthropic stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daidu Fan ◽  
Dac Ve Nguyen ◽  
Jianfeng Su ◽  
Vuong Van Bui ◽  
Dinh Lan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Red River ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sediment Redistribution

River deltas are the best place to study intense human–earth interactions and the resultant morphological changes and sedimentary records. The coastal evolution history of the Red River Delta (RRD) is examined by time-series analysis of multiple coastline locations. We find that spatiotemporal variation in seawall locations and vegetation lines are obviously site-specific due to intense human interference, while changes in 0 m isobaths are highly dependent on external stresses. Coastal erosion and deposition patterns are determined firstly by sediment inputs from different distributaries, and secondly by sediment redistribution with tides, waves, and longshore currents. The causes of chronic erosion along the Hai Hau coast include swift distributary channels, negligible sediment supply by the regional longshore current, and continuous sediment export by local wave-generated longshore and offshore currents. The area of intertidal flats decreased significantly due to land reclamation and decelerating coastal accretion. The area of mangrove forests decreased first due to human deforestation, and then increased gradually due to artificial plantation. Poorly designed coastal infrastructures may increase risks of coastal erosion and flooding disasters. More coastal sectors in the RRD may turn into erosion due to continuous decrease in riverine sediment discharges, deserving more attention on proper coastal protection and management.

scholarly journals HARMONISASI REGULASI KEPEMILIKAN TANAH PERTANIAN SECARA ABSENTEE BAGI PEGAWAI NEGERI DALAM PROGRAM LANDREFORM

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Yunizar Wahyu Tristanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Start Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
And Control

Peoples needs can not be separated from the need of land . Once the importance of soil functions for society , need to be regulated in order to ensure the mastery and utilization at the same time in order to create legal certainty for the public . The problem that then arises since the start time of independence is disproportionate land ownership . In order to overcome these problems , the government has enacted Law No. 5 of 1960 About the Agrarian and the Reformation has been set TAP MPR No. IX / MPR / 2001 on Agrarian Reform and Natural Resources Management . One important aspect of the law with the enactment of the UUPA is a program of Landreform in Indonesia . Landreform became one of the alternatives for agrarian justice to resolve agrarian disputes and conflicts . one of the land reform program is the prohibition of absentee ownership of agricultural land. The problem that then occurs is the existence of exceptions in absentee land ownership . The problems regarding the permissibility of absentee ownership of agricultural land by the Servants . The exception contained in Article 3 Paragraph (4) of Government Regulation No. 224 of 1961 on the implementation of Land Distribution and Provision of Compensation. Ownership and control of agricultural soils in absentee in Article 10 Paragraph (1) UUPA is basically prohibited, but in Article 3 Paragraph (4) PP No. 224 years 1961, the government granted an exemption absentee ownership of agricultural land to some legal subjects of the Servant , retired civil servants , widows and widows of civil servants retired civil servants.

scholarly journals Species diversity of Oribatida mite community (Acari: Oribatida) by soil types and habitats in the Red river delta, Viet Nam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Lai Thu Hien ◽  
Vu Quang Manh
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Close Relationship

Research was undertaken from 2013 to 2017, in eleven provinces and cities, in the Red river delta, Vietnam. Samples were collected from fives types of habitat as follow: natural forest, human – disturbed forest, grassland, cultivated land with perennial plants, agricultural land with annual plants. Samples were also taken from five types of soil: coastal saline - acid soil, acid alluvial soil, neutral alluvial soil, ferritic brownish soil derived from limestone and emaciated greyish soil. In this research, we recorded 283 oribatida species, beloning to 129 genus, 59 families. Among them, 49 species were not defined to species. In comparison with the recordes of Vu Quang Manh (2013) and Ermilov (2015), there are 108 species were for the first time recorded for research region fauna and 65 speciesare new for the Vietnamese fauna. Species diversity of oribatida community in each type of soil and in each habitat are different from each others. The species number in each soil type oscillated from 78 species to 178 species. The species number in each habitat oscillated from 95 species to 127 species. The rate of species which only were recorded in one type of soil or in one habitat is high. The results show that soil types and habitats are in close relationship with oribatida community. It is the scientific base for using oribatida community as a biodiversity for soil quality.  

scholarly journals Negotiating Elusive Justice: Dilemmas of Land Distribution in Southern Africa

Obiter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Anstey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Societal Transformation ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
And Control

Transitions to democracy across southern Africa have been difficult and inevitably flawed. Shifts in international values, national demographics and power realities see social conflicts mutate through time, making societal transformation not a point of arrival, but an ongoing process. In Zimbabwe, and more recently Namibia and South Africa, land ownership and control have become bitterly contested issues. If one accepts that injustices were perpetrated in the past, what principles should guide their remedy? This article considers the complexities arising from competing conceptions of justice over land ownership and management in the context of changing political pressures and dilemmas as to who land might be taken from, along with future dilemmas about equitable distribution and productive management. If the crisis-driven experience of Zimbabwe is to be averted, stakeholders in Namibia and South Africa must find jointly acceptable principles to guide action into the future, and it is likely that no single principle of justice will suffice – a principled multi-track approach based on a mix of utilitarian, restorative and economic empowerment logics must be negotiated ... and then urgently implemented.

Impact of mangrove age on sediment retention and wave dissipation and its links to ecosystem services in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hackney ◽  
Rachael Carrie ◽  
Dao Tan Van ◽  
Joshua Ahmed ◽  
Serena Teasdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Sea Levels

<p>Mangroves provide critical ecosystem services that support livelihoods and communities at the coastal margin. They are key natural flood defences to tropical cyclone driven storm surges, they store sediment that is vital for maintaining delta surface elevations in the face of rising sea levels, and transfer key nutrients to agricultural land. Over the past few decades, stressors on mangroves have increased with associated declines in global areal extent, and growing concern about their condition, including for forests that have been restored or afforested. Most remaining mangrove forests comprises a mix of ages and quality. Limited research exists exploring how differing age, structure and health of mangroves impacts sediment retention and aids the dissipation of wave and storm energy, and links these physical processes to the delivery of ecosystem services.</p><p> </p><p>In this study, we demonstrate how mangrove age and health differentially impacts rates of sedimentation, attenuates water level and tidal propagation and aids storm energy dissipation along a section of mangrove forest in Thai Binh province on the Red River Delta in Vietnam. Data were collected over a four month period and highlight spatially variable responses to tides and the increasing influence of the nearby Thai Binh River. We show that sedimentation rates vary from 0.8 m/yr to 0.14 m/yr with increasing distance inland, whilst peak tidal range varies from 1.5 m to 0.5 m with mangrove age.  We demonstrate that these spatial patterns correlate not only to distance inland, but also mangrove age, and the provision of ecosystem services as recorded by household surveys from local communities. This highlights the need for global mangrove databases to account for mangrove quality and health data in order to capture definitively the ecological, hydrodynamic and sedimentological impacts of mangrove forests on coastal and deltaic regions.</p>

scholarly journals Alternative Policy on Progressive Tax Rate on Idle Land in the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Rizki Nanda Apriani ◽  
Inayati Inayati
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Progressive Tax ◽  
Speculative Behavior ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
And Control ◽  
Legal Entities

The objective of this study is to analyze the alternative progressive tax rates on idle land in DKI Jakarta. Researchers used qualitative method. Based on the results of the analysis through data collection carried out using literature studies and in-depth interviews with informants, it can be concluded that with this progressive tax rate policy alternative it is believed that it can suppress effectively and precisely the concentration pattern of land ownership and control as well as speculative behavior towards land and legal entities that hoard the land. These laws and government regulations were inadequate to be applicable to non-agricultural lands or lands with ownership, or use rights. It is due to  both of them have not regulated the extent of non-agricultural land, as well as the area of land ownership rights, building use rights, and use rights either for individual or legal entities. The imposition of a progressive tax rate by looking at the length of ownership adopted by South Korean country was also considered capable of being a pretty good way dealing with this idle land problem. The results of study related to the imposition of a progressive tax rate on idle land using the excess scheme or additional collection on the building land tax has been previously imposed.

scholarly journals Distribution of agricultural lands and land ownership in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-975
Author(s):  
Ivan Ryazantsev ◽  
Anna Ivolga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Productive Land

Among the countries of the world, Russia is one of the richest in agricultural land. However, a quantitative advantage is poorly transformed into a qualitative one. As a result, there has been a gradual decrease in productive land, a decline in crop yields, the use of highly productive lands as less valuable land categories, and land degradation. These negative processes cause severe damage to both the agricultural sector and the country's economy as a whole. One of the reasons for such drawbacks is the underdevelopment of land use processes and forms of land ownership, which discourage land productivity growth and rational use of agricultural lands. In this paper, the authors analyze the most critical challenges in the sphere of agricultural land distribution in Russia and suggest ways to improve the efficiency of land ownership and land use patterns.

The Distribution of Landed Properties by Value and Area: A Methodological Essay based on Prussian Data, 1886-1913

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Eddie
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
Regression Procedure ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Land ownership primarily determines the distribution of income and wealth in an agrarian society, but lack of market value data has hitherto hindered study of the distribution of land ownership. This problem can be overcome using readily available data - tax assessments or even simple area - which prove to be remarkably good proxy variables for market value of agricultural land. The contention is argued abstractly, then illustrated using Prussian data. A regression procedure establishes what price each of 716 properties purchased between 1886 and 1913 by the Settlement Commission for Posen and West Prussia would have commanded in the market in 1913, then the distribution of these 1913 values is compared to those of the land tax assessments of the areas of these same properties. The near-identity of the distributions implies that a treasure trove of available data on land distribution awaits exploration by researchers interested in the distribution of income and wealth.

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