Seeing Like a Khedivate: Taxing Endowed Agricultural Land, Proofs of Ownership, and the Land Administration in Egypt, 1869

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 743-787
Author(s):  
Adam Mestyan
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
State Modernization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Theories of state modernization rarely consider the relationship between sovereignty and government capacity. This paper focuses on the khedivate of Egypt, a semi-independent province in the Ottoman Empire. My claim is that endowed agricultural land was a useful tool of fiscal modernization for the khedivial government. The governors taxed and made such lands alienable for public purposes. In order to support this claim, this study uses an 1869 endowment certificate of Hoşyar, mother of Khedive Ismail, to examine the regulatory context of endowed agricultural land. Through an archival anthropology of Hoşyar’s certificate, I describe the legal layer of the khedivial land administration (the regulations about agricultural land) and the physiocratic layer (the proofs of ownership such as the taqsīṭ dīwānī and written land survey registers) in comparison with the Ottoman central administration. This case study thus contributes to the discussion about the compatibility of the Muslim endowment with modernization.

Complaints About Avâriz Assessment and Payment in the Avâriz-tax System: An Aspect of the Relationship Between Centre and Periphery. A Case Study of Kayseri, 1618-1700

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-474
Author(s):  
Süleyman Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Common People ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis paper on complaints about avâriz assessment and payment relies on the şer'iyye sicils of Kayseri. It begins by reviewing the traditional Near Eastern concept of State Justice in conjunction with the archival evidence. By examining the court cases and the imperial orders in these sicils it is possible for us to assess how the Ottoman judicial system and central administration dealt with the complaints and alleged corruption regarding the avâriz levies in the province of Kayseri throughout the seventeenth century. It is also possible to see how common people fought with rising problems in the avâriz system, or how they sought justice, and to what degree they knew what was their legal right and what not by examining the sicils themselves. The result of this examination will help to revise a number of misconceptions regarding complaints in the Ottoman Empire- a study of complaints from the sicils may yield a certain insight into the nature of the relationship between the centre and periphery. Cet article sur les plaintes concernant le calcul et le paiement de l'impôt avâriz est fondé sur les şer'iyye sicils de Kayseri. Il débute par l'étude du concept traditionnel de l'État de Justice au Proche Orient en relation avec les données trouvées dans les archives. En examinant les procès et les ordres impériaux dans ces sicils , il nous sera possible d'établir comment, à la fois le système judiciaire et l'administration centrale de l'Empire ottoman, ont traité les plaintes et la supposée corruption concernant le prélèvement de l'impôt avâriz dans la province de Kayseri tout au long du XVIIème siècle. Il nous sera alors possible, en exploitant les documents contenus dans les sicils, de voir comment la population luttait contre les problèmes croissants dans le système avâriz, comment elle avait recours à la justice et dans quelle mesure elle connaissait ses droits légaux. Les résultats de cette analyse permettront de réviser un certain nombre d'idées fausses à propos des plaintes dans l'Empire ottoman; de même, l'étude de ces plaintes pourra éventuellement donner une certaine idée de la nature des liens entre le centre et la périphérie.

scholarly journals Peran Administrasi Pertanahan dalam Pengendalian Pemanfaatan Kawasan Pertanian Lahan Basah Kabupaten Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Pramusintha Nugraha ◽  
Budi Mulyanto ◽  
Khursatul Munibah
Keyword(s):  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spatial Plan

The area of irrigated rice fields during 2017-2018 has decreased by 19.84% in Indonesia and 30.10% in Bogor Regency. Wetland agricultural area of Bogor Regency Spatial Plan (RTRW) is intended for wetland food crops (lowland rice) which are cultivated intensively because their potential to provide an irrigation system thus urge to be protected. In certain conditions, land registration has impact on the conversion of agricultural land. This study aims to examine the relationship between land administration and the conversion of agricultural land. Interpretation of Google Earth imagery and field checks are methods for inventories of constructed land. The relationship between the variable y (built-up area) and the variable x (land administration) is modeled by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Literature study of land administration regulations was carried out to understand the modeling results with the realities that occur in the field. The dynamics of land administration are greatest in the northern part of Central WP Bogor Regency, in the suburbs of South Tangerang City, and Depok City. The modeling produces a global value of R2 0.72 and local R2 0.44 to 0.86, meaning that land administration has the opportunity to become an instrument of control, by tightening the service requirements specified in the Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency RI No. 1 Tahun 2010.

Library bookbinding in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 393-407
Author(s):  
Vassileia Grimani ◽  
Spiros Zervos
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Model Library ◽  
Library Community ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current status of library bookbinding in Greece. Design/methodology/approach – Two surveys were circulated among libraries and bookbinders. They aimed at determining the extent of use of bookbinding, the necessary characteristics of durable library bookbinding according to the respondents’ opinions and the relationship between bookbinders and libraries. Findings – The gathered data reflect the attitudes of Greek librarians and bookbinders and outline the current status of library bookbinding in Greece. They showed that bookbinding is extensively used as part of the preservation strategy for the majority of the Greek libraries. Most libraries resort to outsourcing. The specifications set by libraries are usually minimal, and it is left to the bookbinders to recommend the best solutions. Both librarians and binders emphasised openability and durability as the most important qualities of the bound volumes and quoted several relevant technical details. A model library binding technique is suggested in this study. Originality/value – Such an investigation has never been attempted before. This research can be useful to the Greek Libraries Central Administration and also to the whole Greek library community for the improvement of the current situation, and may help towards the development of a national standard. It may also be useful for the international library community as a case study, presenting the situation in Greece.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pax-Ottomanica in Minorities Society : A Case Study of Millet System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Cut Meurah Rahman ◽  
Ida Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focuses on Pax-Ottomanica in a case study of the Millet System through multi ethnic and multi religious communities in the Ottoman Empire. In particular, the Millet System has successfully roamed people in Europe, Asia, and Africa for nearly 600 years. This paper also discusses Islamic law on the relationship between other religions such as Judaism and Christianity. This study uses a qualitative method with a whole literature approach. Based on the data analyzed, it was found that harmony occurs between fellow religious and ethnic people with the freedom to embrace their respective religions and maintain their respective cultures. This paper aims to analyze the state of the multi-ethnic and multi-religious society in the Ottoman Empire by providing various references from both Turkish and Western historians. In addition, this paper aims to introduce Ottoman-style freedom through this Millet system, which has succeeded in bringing all non-Muslim communities into one Ottoman commonwealth.

War and Captivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Status ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peace Treaties

This chapter explores the relationship between war and captivity in the seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the scale of cross-border enslavement and the customary and Islamic legal rules governing who could be enslaved, and when. The chapter approaches these rules by examining the the extent of Ottoman sovereignty, illustrating differences between the status of Ottoman Muslims, Ottoman non-Muslims, tributary states, non-Ottoman Muslims, Christian states with peace treaties or commercial treaties (Capitulations), and enemy states. Using the 1735–39 Russo–Ottoman War as a case study, it explores how Ottoman forces used raids and open warfare to enslave both military and civilian enemies. The chapter then more briefly reviews these same questions for the Ottomans’ Russian rivals, and for European states. This chapter, along with Chapter 2, lays out the status quo before the sweeping eighteenth-century changes charted in the rest of the book.

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