Slavophiles on the European Enlightenment and the Reforms of Peter the Great as Causes of the Transformation of Russian Cultural Identity and Historical Memory

The author addresses the problems of the correlation between the national and the global (universal) in the cultural identity of Russia, as well as the interaction of tradition and modernization in the development of all spheres of Russian society. The article presents the position of the founders of the ideology of Slavophilism — A.S. Khomyakov, I.V. Kireevsky and J. F. Samarin. In the conditions of Russian autocracy in the middle of the 19th century Slavophiles demonstrated double civil courage, opposing their point of view to the state conservatism and state modernization. The attitude of Slavophile thinkers to the reforms of Peter the Great as a turning point in the history of Russian society and state, as well as in the formation of national selfconsciousness is shown. There were disagreements between Slavophiles in assessing the state of pre-Petrine Russia. However, the most important negative consequence of Peter's reforms and uncritical borrowing of the Western enlightenment was seen by all Slavophile authors as a split in Russia's cultural identity: the separation of educated society from the people and separation of the state from society. The Slavophiles associated the bridging of this gap with two factors. Firstly, with a revival of the Russian Enlightenment based on a synthesis of the national spiritual tradition and the universal achievements of Western civilization. Secondly, with the implementation of social and political reforms “from above”, first of all — with the abolition of serfdom.

The role of intellectual property in security defense capacity of the state.

Keywords: defense capability, intellectual property, regulatory support The conceptual issues of the legislation of Ukraine,which determine the state policy in the field of national security and defence, regardingthe settlement of issues related to ensuring the state defence capabilities are considered.The scientific publications on actual questions in this sphere concerningproblems and prospects of increase of defence capability of Ukraine are analysed.The role of intellectual property in all components of Ukraine's defence system hasbeen studied, and it has been noted that unresolved problems in the field of intellectualproperty management pose an increasing threat to Ukraine's national security.The importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the process ofimplementing measures to improve the defence capabilities of the state and the needto improve legislation in this area is defined. Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for national securityand defence in order to address the problematic issues of intellectual property in thisarea are submitted.State defence capability is the ability of state to defend itself in the event of armedaggression or armed conflict. It consists of material and immaterial elements and is aset of military, economic, social and moral and political potential in the field of defenceand appropriate conditions for its implementation.Resolving the issues of reforming not only the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but firstthe entire state, modernization and rearmament of the Ukrainian army has become avital necessity. Only the solution of this issue will allow to raise the defence capabilityof our state to the proper level for the preservation of independent Ukraine.Ensuring the military security of Ukraine largely depends on equipping the ArmedForces of Ukraine with modern types and models of weapons and military equipment,developed on the basis of intellectual property rights.It is the military-technical sphere where the objects of intellectual property rightsbelonging to the sphere of national security and defence are created, and the state isobliged to ensure their protection. This will increase the competitiveness of the domesticdefence industry and make claims impossible for anyone in the mass productionof weapons and military equipment for their own needs and for exports, which directlyaffects defence capabilities.And this requires proper protection of intellectual property rights both in theprocess of own production of weapons and military equipment, as well as in militarytechnicalcooperation.

Militarism and the Bedouin: Intersections of colonialism, gender, and race in the Arab Gulf

This article investigates the development of militarism in the Arab Gulf using the militarized representation of the Bedouin and their poetic tradition as a site for its analysis. The article traces the ways in which Bedouin ‘martial masculinities’ and Bedouin culture have been appropriated and transformed by British colonialism and postcolonial nationalisms to produce unusual patterns of militarism within the Gulf. It addresses a gap in international relations and security studies literature, in which militarism is examined through state-centric and methodologically nationalist framings that largely overlook transnational and colonial histories. The article argues that contemporary displays of militarism by Qatar and the United Arab Emirates should be read in relation to how colonialism engendered militarism across the Gulf region through the paradoxical representation of the Bedouin as a ‘martial race’ whose martial-ness was also seen as a security ‘threat’ for the colonial/postcolonial state. Militarized responses and rationalities were normalized within Gulf society through the ‘Bedouin warrior’ stereotype, which served as a timeless and fixed construct, connecting the Gulf’s disjointed past to its present-day context. Significantly, the ‘Bedouin warrior’ stereotype helps foster the belief that stability and historical continuity underpin state-modernization processes in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The article’s intervention seeks to disrupt this continuity by looking at how militarism and its martial constructs created ruptures in state trajectories, using the example of the 1996 coup attempt, citizen revocations, and the depoliticization of the poetic act as evidence for the claim that militarism engenders particular insecurities for Bedouin populations in the Arab Gulf.

State Modernization Issues in the Range of Problems of Public Congresses of the Early XX Century

The article examines the role and place of state modernization issues in the problems of public congresses in Russia at the beginning of the XX century. Significant attention is paid to the statements of the delegates Pirogovsky congresses of doctors and Congress leaders on technical and vocational education 1903-1904 on issues of national importance, and also analyzes the role of social conventions in shaping public opinion of the period under review, the origin and development of civil society institutions.

Seeing Like a Khedivate: Taxing Endowed Agricultural Land, Proofs of Ownership, and the Land Administration in Egypt, 1869

Theories of state modernization rarely consider the relationship between sovereignty and government capacity. This paper focuses on the khedivate of Egypt, a semi-independent province in the Ottoman Empire. My claim is that endowed agricultural land was a useful tool of fiscal modernization for the khedivial government. The governors taxed and made such lands alienable for public purposes. In order to support this claim, this study uses an 1869 endowment certificate of Hoşyar, mother of Khedive Ismail, to examine the regulatory context of endowed agricultural land. Through an archival anthropology of Hoşyar’s certificate, I describe the legal layer of the khedivial land administration (the regulations about agricultural land) and the physiocratic layer (the proofs of ownership such as the taqsīṭ dīwānī and written land survey registers) in comparison with the Ottoman central administration. This case study thus contributes to the discussion about the compatibility of the Muslim endowment with modernization.

Modern Public Buildings in Sivas and their Architectural Analysis

With the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, Turkey began to experience modernization. Sivas as an Anatolian city has its own regional modernization practice in parallel with the nation-state modernization. Between the period of 1930-1950, Sivas was developed by factories and after the 1950s, public buildings with campuses were added to the modern city. As a consequence, city morphology expanded to the south and west and the traditional-modern dilemma became evident in the urban area.

Sociology of public administration

The article presents the main results of the development of the Department of sociology of public administration, the conditions and conceptual foundations of research and the content of the educational process. The results of the implementation of problem tasks in the framework of the direction Social state: modernization of management and social policy are shown. The main achievements in the field of scientific research are structured. The novelty of published textbooks and teaching AIDS is shown. The characteristic of the main academic disciplines developed by the Department is given.

Neoliberal politics and state modernization in Chilean penal evolution

Following the general rise of incarceration rates in Latin America, two general frameworks have been influential in attempting to explain the phenomenon: the neoliberal and the state transformation theses. The article takes the case of Chile, the Latin American model of neoliberal governance, to test the broad explanatory power of both frameworks. By doing so, it shows that the connection with a narrative of substitution has distortive potential. Although the Chilean case does show that investment in state capacity augmentation and output maximization mechanisms did have direct effects on incarceration rates, no change in the project of control through criminal justice can be appreciated. Rather than changing its orientation towards the type of social control it provides for, the system still stands for the traditional Latin American project of control of a large, marginalized population through confinement.

Private Participation in Infrastructure: The Nigerian Experience

The participation of the private sector in the provision of infrastructure is now a fundamental element of discourse around state modernization especially in the face of fiscal crisis. This paper examines the dialogue against the backdrop of the impression that the concept is new as a tool of fiscal management as well as its adoption in the emerging economies using Nigeria as a reference point. The study traced the evolution, theoretical foundation and history of public private partnership in Nigeria. Our findings reveal that though the adoption of PPP has been positive, it has some challenges, which are as a result of contract term agreement, political influence and the need for renegotiation as a result of increasing cost and those conditions are not envisaged at the time of contracting.

Ancestral Roots

Chapter 2 offers a genealogical exploration of how Chinese traditions have shaped Chinese American religious affiliations and familism. Chinese adopt a plurality of beliefs for utilitarian purposes through their religious repertoire based in Chinese Popular Religion. Given their mixture of beliefs and practices that have no names, Chinese tend to identify as “nothing in particular.” Another factor contributing to the high rates of Chinese American religious nones is Confucian thought, which oriented Chinese society toward religious skepticism and an agnostic, symbolic interpretation of religious rituals. These twin approaches toward religion are the roots of modern-day Chinese atheism and agnosticism. Both reinforce the primacy of familial relations. These two traditions have undergone changes through modernization, migration, and the religious context in which they take root. The chapter ends with a survey of how these traditions have been transformed by Chinese state modernization, acculturation to the American context, and racialization.