Ikonographische Strategien Claudians

Mnemosyne ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Vicente Flores Militello
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Great Success

Abstract This article focuses on the particular ways in which Claudian portrays the epic hunting episode in his Stil. 3. In addition to the poetic models that he re-elaborates, he takes up an iconographic language with which his public, the Roman élite, was very well acquainted: it is the same iconography that can be observed in the hunting mosaics of Dermech and Hippona—and above all in the Grande Caccia of Piazza Armerina. In both Claud. Stil. 3 and the mosaics, we encounter a hunt, or rather a collection of animals which takes place mainly in North Africa in preparation for the games in the Roman harena. Both the hunting episode in Claudian’s poem and the scenes of hunting in the mosaics point to the liberalitas or economical-political power, or even virtus, which the owners of the villas, or Stilicho himself, claimed for themselves. This clearly builds on a ‘language’ that the contemporary élite (4th century CE) appreciated and that Claudian exploited with great success.

The Emergence of the Shādhilīya in Egypt

2015 ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Nathan Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
State Sponsorship ◽  
Sufi Order

The Sufi order known as the Shādhilīya was one of the most popular Sufi movements of the Islamic Middle Ages, counting adherents across north Africa, Egypt and Greater Syria.1 The order’s eponymous ‘founder’, Abū l-Óasan al-Shādhilī (d. 656/1258), was born in the Maghrib but eventually settled in Alexandria in the 1240s with the explicit sanction of the Ayyubid regime. While al-Shādhilī and his cohort rejected overt state sponsorship, they did cultivate warm relations with Ayyubid and early Mamluk rulers, as well as many of Egypt’s most prominent ʿulamāʾ. These alliances permitted al-Shādhilī to intercede on behalf of his disciples and clients and to travel freely across Egypt to teach his form of Sufism– advantages he did not enjoy in his previous home in Tunis. Al-Shādhilī met with great success in Egypt, establishing a reputation as a powerful Sufi master and an ally of people across the socio-economic spectrum, attracting a large numbers of followers in the process. Indeed, within roughly fifty years of al-Shādhilī’s death, a nascent social movement tied to his name had emerged that persists to the present day in multiple branches and sub-orders. But how did this informal and localised teaching circle become a trans-regional voluntary association of Sufis who conceptualised themselves as a coherent social body tied together by the teachings of an eponymous master?

scholarly journals ¬ISLAM DAN PERADABAN SPANYOL: Catatan Kritis Beberapa Faktor Penyebab Kesuksesan Islam Spanyol

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudirman Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
North Africa ◽  
European Society ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Born in the East, Islam was successfully expanded to Spain, a strong Christianity based country in the West. The civilization of this nation has encouraged the development of Europe in many ways, especially in the area of science and technology. The development of culture and civilization in Europe was undeniably connected to the existence of Islamic government in Spain. When Muslims rule this country many Europeans tempted to learn and study in Spain. At this classical period, Islam reached their golden era. Spain had become the central of Islamic civilization. From this fact, there are several important questions arise worth discussed in this essay, firstly, the background of the Islamic expansion to Spain and the dynamic development of Islam in this country that resulted in a great success.<br />In this article, the writer applies historical approach using historical data from various history literature sources. In general, there are two conclusions. First of all, the expansion of Islamic government to Spain was motivated by the development of Islamic government in North Africa. Therefore, the expansion to Europe through Spain was unavoidable. Furthermore, Spain is the nearest region to North Africa and the power of Gothic Kingdom ruled this region was weakened. Second, the development of Islam in Spain was about 500 years and had reached its peak of supremacy when it was under the Abdurrahman III command. Although Islam, finally, was expelled from Spain after the fall of Islamic government, the Islamic culture has triggered European society renaissance.<br /><br />Key words: Islam, Spain, culture, civilization.<br /><br />

scholarly journals CULTURE IN DA'WA SONGO WALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Abdul Mujib
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Economic Aspects

The growth and development of Islam in the early period marked the findings of the tomb of Nisan Fatimah binti Maemun (died 1082 A.D.), in Leran, Gresik, East Java. Estafeta Da'wa Islamiyah unrelenting until the change of the birth of a number of reliable figures, among others, Wali Songo, they are Maulana Malik Ibrahim in Gresik, Sunan Ampel in Surabaya, Sunan Giri in Gresik, Sunan Bonang in Tuban, Sunan Drajat in Lamongan, Sunan Kudus in Kudus, Sunan Muria in Kudus, Sunan Kalijaga in Kadilangu Demak, and Sunan Gunung Jati in Cirebon. The great success of Da'wa Islamiyah has given such an example in the economic aspects. Through economic strength, Islam in Java Island emerged to give birth to political power in the form of Demak Sultanate. The presence of Demak Sultanate is not separated from the role of Wali Songo which is considered as the leader of a large number of Islamic Muballigh in Da'wa Islamiyah in areas in the island of Java.

scholarly journals Bandits, Militants, and Martyrs: Sub-state Violence as Claim to Authority in Late Antique North Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Goalwin
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Sectarian Violence ◽  
Religious Zeal ◽  
A Site ◽  
Borderland Theory

Fourth Century North Africa was a site of intense religious and political conflict. Emerging from a period of persecution and newly legitimized by the Roman state, the Christian Church immediately fractured into two competing camps. Now known as the Donatist schism, this fracture was the result of competing claims to religious authority between two camps of bishops, but the doctrinal debate at its core precipitated a specific form of violence: attacks on clergy and property perpetrated by roving groups of militant bandits. Known as circumcellions, these bands acquired a perverse reputation for religious zeal, a desire for martyrdom, and what their opponents described as the ‘madness’ and ‘insanity’ of their violence. Here I analyze sources produced by both Donatists and Catholics to trace patterns of circumcellion violence. I draw on borderland theory and research on non-state violence to argue that such acts were not mad, but rather the result of strategic efforts to consolidate religious and political power. In this, Donatism and the sectarian violence that accompanied it provide important insights into how banditry and peasant rebellions can se.rve as alternate sources of social and political power, avenues through which heterodox movements challenge the power state and religious hierarchies alike

scholarly journals Saint Teresa of Ávila's Martyrdom: Images of her Transverberation in Mexican Colonial Painting

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (74-75) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
New Spain ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Religious Painting ◽  
Mystic Experience ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lives Of The Saints ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

The images of the Transverberation of St. Teresa of Jesus originated in some of the episodes that are related by the saint, especially of the Libro de la vida in the 13th paragraph of the 29th chapter. The book had great success all over Europe after it was first published in Salamanca (Guillermo Foquel, 1588). However, the famed episode of the Transverberation was represented for the first time in the Vida gráfica (Antwerp, 1613) and this image was reproduced freely via prints. Among the most famous representation are a painting by Rubens, destroyed by fire in 1940, and the magnificent sculpture by Bernini, at the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome. The scene was also accepted in New Spain with great enthusiasm and it became one of the most popular topics in religious painting. Wilson studies the image of the Transverberation not only as a mystic experience but also as a “virtual” martyrdom that is clearly expressed in a painting by Juan Correa based on a Flemish engraving by Richard Collin (17th century). Wilson recalls that both Saint Teresa and her brother Rodrigo used to read the lives of the saints during their childhood and that they even imagined themselves being martyred in the land of the Moors in North Africa. The iconography for the representations of Saint Teresa are taken from the topics that were used for illustrate the Martyrdom of Saint Ursula.

Historiography in the Maghrib in the 19th and Early 20th Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Bazzaz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
The Rich ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Profession ◽  
Historical Production

The Maghrebi tradition of historical literary production extends back to the early centuries of Islamic expansion and conquest in North Africa and comprises a rich corpus including dynastic chronicles (tarikh), biographies (tarajim), and hagiographies (manaqib/rijjal), and, since the 20th century, positivist national histories as well. While this tradition had evolved since its inception, 19th- and 20th-century Maghrebi historical production both influenced and was influenced by the extension of European military, economic, and political power into the Maghreb. Grappling with the legacies of colonialism, nationalism, and pan-Arabism, among others, Maghrebi historians continue to sow the rich terrain of historical literary production in the postcolonial period by absorbing, reacting to, and building upon new trends in the historical profession.

Colonialism in the Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark LeVine
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence

This chapter offers a decolonial historical sociology of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), one focused on the ongoing coloniality of power as a core discourse of governance across the region whether two centuries ago or today. After critiquing research grounded on subaltern and postcolonial studies for failing to capture the colonial dynamics operating in post-independence political systems across the MENA, the author explores how Timothy Mitchell’s seminal analysis of the state as an discursive effect of power relations, as well as the present-day relevance of the idea of ahl al-hall wa-l-‘aqd (“those who have binding authority”) in traditional Islamic jurisprudence, can together promote a more perceptive and illuminating discussion of the dynamics of political power across the region, whether in the past or present day.

Functional information from magnetic resonance imaging

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Alan P. Koretsky ◽  
Afonso Costa e Silva ◽  
Yi-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become established as an important imaging modality for the clinical management of disease. This is primarily due to the great tissue contrast inherent in magnetic resonance images of normal and diseased organs. Due to the wide availability of high field magnets and the ability to generate large and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients there is growing interest in applying high resolution MRI to obtain microscopic information. This symposium on MRI microscopy highlights new developments that are leading to increased resolution. The application of high resolution MRI to significant problems in developmental biology and cancer biology will illustrate the potential of these techniques.In combination with a growing interest in obtaining high resolution MRI there is also a growing interest in obtaining functional information from MRI. The great success of MRI in clinical applications is due to the inherent contrast obtained from different tissues leading to anatomical information.

Kinematic Approximations in TED and RHEED Analysis of Reconstructed Surfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
L. -M. Peng ◽  
M. J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Great Success ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Reconstructed Surfaces

In recent years there has been a trend in the structure determination of reconstructed surfaces to use high energy electron diffraction techniques, and to employ a kinematic approximation in analyzing the intensities of surface superlattice reflections. Experimentally this is motivated by the great success of the determination of the dimer adatom stacking fault (DAS) structure of the Si(111) 7 × 7 reconstructed surface.While in the case of transmission electron diffraction (TED) the validity of the kinematic approximation has been examined by using multislice calculations for Si and certain incident beam directions, far less has been done in the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) case. In this paper we aim to provide a thorough Bloch wave analysis of the various diffraction processes involved, and to set criteria on the validity for the kinematic analysis of the intensities of the surface superlattice reflections.The validity of the kinematic analysis, being common to both the TED and RHEED case, relies primarily on two underlying observations, namely (l)the surface superlattice scattering in the selvedge is kinematically dominating, and (2)the superlattice diffracted beams are uncoupled from the fundamental diffracted beams within the bulk.

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