Companion Animals in Thailand

The prevalence of companion animal caregiving was estimated, and demographic and psychosocial factors that predict sterilization behaviors in caregivers in Thailand were identified. Thai nationals (n = 494) were recruited by random for the Culture and Human-Animal Interactions (chai) telephone survey. The results showed 74% of respondents had a cat and/or a dog (60% dogs, 23% cats); 22% of dogs and 19% of cats were sterilized. Logistic Regression analyses revealed positive attitudes toward desexing, and the perception that important others would endorse this practice best predicted sterilization practices. For caregivers with unsterilized companions, Hierarchical Multiple Regression analyses revealed perceived capability to sterilize, positive attitudes toward desexing, and perceived normative pressure to sterilize accounted for 35% and 45% of the variance in intentions to sterilize dogs and cats, respectively. Culturally sensitive initiatives targeting negative attitudes, enhancing normative pressure, and increasing perceived personal agency to sterilize may improve sterilization rates in Thailand.

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Attitudes toward Animals: The Effect of Priming Thoughts of Human-Animal Similarities and Mortality Salience on the Evaluation of Companion Animals

Society and Animals ◽

10.1163/156853009x393774 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 72-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stephen Loughnan ◽

Michael Halloran ◽

Ruth Beatson

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Mortality Salience ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Pet Owners ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Attitudes Toward Animals ◽

Human Animal ◽

People’S Attitudes ◽

Attitudes Toward Pets

AbstractHuman attitudes toward nonhuman animals are complex and quite contradictory. They can range between extremely negative (animal cruelty) to positive (treating companion animals like human surrogates). Attitudes toward animals are especially negative when people think about human creatureliness and personal mortality. This paper investigates people's attitudes toward highly valued animals (companion animals). The research presented here tested whether companion-animal caregivers would respond to reminders of human creatureliness and mortality salience (MS) with more negative attitudes toward pets. Participants completed an online survey in which MS and human-creatureliness conditions were manipulated. Results showed that, under MS, even pet owners responded to reminders of human creatureliness with less positive attitudes toward the average pet. Thus, the effects observed in previous research extend to more popular animals, even among people with presumably positive attitudes toward animals.

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Perceived Effectiveness of Random Testing for Alcohol and Drugs in the Australian Aviation Community

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000031 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Christina M. Rudin-Brown ◽

Eve Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽

Michael G. Lenné

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Online Survey ◽

Random Testing ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Perceived Effectiveness ◽

Student Pilots ◽

Alcohol And Drugs ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

One Year ◽

Alcohol And Other Drugs

Random testing for alcohol and other drugs (AODs) in individuals who perform safety-sensitive activities as part of their aviation role was introduced in Australia in April 2009. One year later, an online survey (N = 2,226) was conducted to investigate attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge regarding random testing and to gauge perceptions regarding its effectiveness. Private, recreational, and student pilots were less likely than industry personnel to report being aware of the requirement (86.5% versus 97.1%), to have undergone testing (76.5% versus 96.1%), and to know of others who had undergone testing (39.9% versus 84.3%), and they had more positive attitudes toward random testing than industry personnel. However, logistic regression analyses indicated that random testing is more effective at deterring AOD use among industry personnel.

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PERCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH AIDS: GERMAN - U.S. COMPARISONS

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1991.19.1.29 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 29-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Virginia A. Murphy-Berman ◽

John J. Berman

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Health Locus Of Control ◽

World View ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

West Germany ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Just World ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes

Negative attitudes towards people with AIDS are still prevalent. While previous research has investigated how these negative attitudes are related to various demographic variables, this research examined how they might differ cross-culturally, and how they are related to general beliefs about a just world, one's preference to distribute resources on the basis of merit or need, and one's health locus of control. Undergraduates from the U.S. (N=145) and West Germany (N=108) responded to a questionnaire which measured these dimensions. The most negative attitudes towards people with AIDS were found among males who were external in health locus of control, had more negative attitudes towards allocating resources on the basis of need, and had positive attitudes towards allocating on the basis of merit. As compared to U.S. respondents, German respondents indicated less of a just world view, less preference for merit, more preference for need as an allocation strategy, and more external health locus of control beliefs. Although t-tests showed cultural differences in attitudes towards people with AIDS, the effect disappeared in the regression analyses, indicating that it was coming from culture's covariation with the above mentioned dimensions.

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Animal Welfare Control—Inspection Findings and the Threshold for Requesting a Police Investigation

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.736084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Elli Valtonen ◽

Tarja Koskela ◽

Anna Valros ◽

Laura Hänninen

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Control System ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Capital Region ◽

Police Investigation ◽

Police Investigations ◽

Animal Welfare Legislation

An increasing proportion of animal welfare violations in Finland are related to companion animals. However, only a small number of these issues are investigated or prosecuted. The aims of this study were (i) to describe the inspection findings and the resulting actions of the official municipal veterinarians in the Finnish Capital Region and (ii) to identify the factors that predict their submissions of investigation requests to the police. Our data consisted of animal welfare complaints and official veterinarians' inspection reports and decisions from 811 cases of animal welfare control in the Finnish Capital Region. The data covered the period from March 2019 to April 2020. We performed logistic regression analyses to identify the factors that best predict when official veterinarians detect non-compliances and report the cases for police investigation. In 86% (696/811) of the cases, the veterinarians performed at least one animal welfare inspection, and/or received information from the police, or otherwise investigated the complaint. The most common forms of non-compliance were lack of basic maintenance and care (42%, 295/696) and insufficient veterinary care (27%, 185/696). The veterinarians requested for a police investigation in 9.6% (44/460) of all cases with detected non-compliances. The best predictors for detecting non-compliances with the animal welfare legislation were complaints of insufficient veterinary care (OR 1.9, CI 1.1–3.4), the cases assessed by the information from the police and/or an animal shelter (OR 15.2, CI 7.9–29.2), at least one inspection in an animal's premises with prior warning (OR 11.2, CI 5.5–22.6), and without prior warning (OR 17.0, CI 9.7–29.5). Complaints of violence against animals were negatively associated with detecting non-compliances (OR 0.5, CI 0.3–0.9). However, the detection of violence against animals predicted requests for police investigations (OR 9.3, CI 3.1–27.9), as did the execution of permanent urgent measures by official veterinarians (OR 4.9, CI 1.9–12.9). To improve the animal welfare control system and the investigation of crimes against animals, cooperation between officials should be developed. Further studies are needed to improve the understanding of the prevalence of violence against animals, and to advance methods used by animal welfare control to identify cases of violence.

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Emotional Reaction to Menarche and Menstrual Attitudes

Suvremena psihologija ◽

10.21465/2017-sp-201-02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 23-38

Author(s):

Sandra Nakić Radoš ◽

◽

Roberta Jelić ◽

Đurđica Jurjević ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Emotional Reaction ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Attitude Questionnaire ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Menstrual Attitudes ◽

Variance Explained

The goal of this study was to examine current attitudes toward menstruation in adolescent postmenarcheal girls in relation to age at menarche, time since menarche had occurred, preparedness, and emotional reaction to menarche. Postmenarcheal adolescent girls from primary and secondary schools (N = 246) participated in the study, with an average age of 15.1 years and average age at menarche 12.4 years. Participants filled out the adapted version of Adolescent Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (AMAQ; Marvan & Molina, 2002), Expected/Experienced Emotions related to Menarche Scale (Emo-M; Nakić Radoš, Mužinić Bikić, & Roso Perić, in press), Preparedness for the Menarche (PM; Rodriguez White, 2013), and Pubertal Development Scale (PDS; Petersen, Crockett, Richards, & Boxer, 1988). The two-way ANOVA showed that early maturers (≤11 years at menarche) had significantly higher level of negative attitudes than average maturers (12 years) and late maturers (≥13 years). Both early and average maturers had a higher level of secretive attitudes than late maturers. However, this effect was present only if menarche occurred in less than two years. Regression analyses showed that higher level of pleasant emotions at menarche predicted higher level of positive attitudes toward menstruation (45.2% variance explained). Lower age at menarche, less time from the menarche, and a higher level of unpleasant emotions at menarche predicted higher levels of secretive attitudes (35.1% variance explained) and negative attitudes (22.7% variance explained). In conclusion, age at menarche, time for adaptation to menstruation, and initial emotional reaction to menarche are significant determinants of menstrual attitudes in adolescent girls. Education and preparing girls for menstruation at early stages of puberty is necessary. Keywords: menarche, menstruation, attitudes, emotions, puberty

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Predicting the Importance of Hospital Chaplain Care in a Trauma Population

Kansas Journal of Medicine ◽

10.17161/kjm.v5i2.11406 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Gina M Berg ◽

Robin E Crowe ◽

Shannon Borchert ◽

Jane Siebert ◽

Felecia Lee

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Telephone Survey ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Hospital Chaplain ◽

Injury Characteristics ◽

Trauma Population

Background. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if the importance of chaplain care is associated with and could be predicted by patient or injury characteristics. Methods. A telephone survey of recently discharged trauma patients was conducted. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine what factors are associated with the importance of chaplain care and satisfaction with chaplain care. Results. Self-reported religious affiliation was associated with the importance of chaplain care and importance of chaplain care was associated with satisfaction with chaplain care. Conclusions. The value of chaplain care cannot be measured by patient characteristics, therefore, chaplain care should be offered to all patients and families.

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Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maykel Verkuyten ◽

Kumar Yogeeswaran

Keyword(s):

Minority Groups ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Social Psychological Research ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

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Characteristics of Different Types of Childhood Violence and the Risk of Revictimization

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801218818381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 1696-1716 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ida Frugaard Stroem ◽

Helene Flood Aakvaag ◽

Tore Wentzel-Larsen

Keyword(s):

Childhood Abuse ◽

Telephone Survey ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Different Types ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Childhood Violence ◽

Forms Of Violence ◽

The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between the characteristics of different types of childhood violence and adult victimization using two waves of data from a community telephone survey (T1) and a follow-up survey, including 505 cases and 506 controls, aged 17-35 years (T2). The logistic regression analyses showed that exposure to childhood abuse, regardless of type, was associated with adult victimization. Exposure to multiple types of abuse, victimization both in childhood and in young adulthood, and recency of abuse increased these odds. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing multiple forms of violence when studying revictimization. Practitioners working with children and young adults should be attentive to the number of victimization types experienced and recent victimization to prevent further abuse.

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Impact of digitally acquired peer diagnostic input on diagnostic confidence in outpatient cases: A pragmatic randomized trial

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association ◽

10.1093/jamia/ocaa278 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elaine C Khoong ◽

Valy Fontil ◽

Natalie A Rivadeneira ◽

Mekhala Hoskote ◽

Shantanu Nundy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Diagnostic Confidence ◽

Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽

Intervention Impact ◽

High Uncertainty

Abstract Objective The study sought to evaluate if peer input on outpatient cases impacted diagnostic confidence. Materials and Methods This randomized trial of a peer input intervention occurred among 28 clinicians with case-level randomization. Encounters with diagnostic uncertainty were entered onto a digital platform to collect input from ≥5 clinicians. The primary outcome was diagnostic confidence. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to assess for intervention impact on diagnostic confidence. Results Among the 509 cases (255 control; 254 intervention), the intervention did not impact confidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.999-2.12), but after adjusting for clinician and case traits, the intervention was associated with higher confidence (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The intervention impact was greater in cases with high uncertainty (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.09- 9.52). Conclusions Peer input increased diagnostic confidence primarily in high-uncertainty cases, consistent with findings that clinicians desire input primarily in cases with continued uncertainty.

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785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A305-A306

Author(s):

Jesse Moore ◽

Ellita Williams ◽

Collin Popp ◽

Anthony Briggs ◽

Judite Blanc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Regression Models ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Past ◽

Strengthening Exercise ◽

Waking Up ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

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