scholarly journals Emotional Reaction to Menarche and Menstrual Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Sandra Nakić Radoš ◽  
◽  
Roberta Jelić ◽  
Đurđica Jurjević ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Menstrual Attitudes ◽  
Variance Explained

The goal of this study was to examine current attitudes toward menstruation in adolescent postmenarcheal girls in relation to age at menarche, time since menarche had occurred, preparedness, and emotional reaction to menarche. Postmenarcheal adolescent girls from primary and secondary schools (N = 246) participated in the study, with an average age of 15.1 years and average age at menarche 12.4 years. Participants filled out the adapted version of Adolescent Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (AMAQ; Marvan & Molina, 2002), Expected/Experienced Emotions related to Menarche Scale (Emo-M; Nakić Radoš, Mužinić Bikić, & Roso Perić, in press), Preparedness for the Menarche (PM; Rodriguez White, 2013), and Pubertal Development Scale (PDS; Petersen, Crockett, Richards, & Boxer, 1988). The two-way ANOVA showed that early maturers (≤11 years at menarche) had significantly higher level of negative attitudes than average maturers (12 years) and late maturers (≥13 years). Both early and average maturers had a higher level of secretive attitudes than late maturers. However, this effect was present only if menarche occurred in less than two years. Regression analyses showed that higher level of pleasant emotions at menarche predicted higher level of positive attitudes toward menstruation (45.2% variance explained). Lower age at menarche, less time from the menarche, and a higher level of unpleasant emotions at menarche predicted higher levels of secretive attitudes (35.1% variance explained) and negative attitudes (22.7% variance explained). In conclusion, age at menarche, time for adaptation to menstruation, and initial emotional reaction to menarche are significant determinants of menstrual attitudes in adolescent girls. Education and preparing girls for menstruation at early stages of puberty is necessary. Keywords: menarche, menstruation, attitudes, emotions, puberty

PERCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH AIDS: GERMAN - U.S. COMPARISONS

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Murphy-Berman ◽  
John J. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
World View ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Just World ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Negative attitudes towards people with AIDS are still prevalent. While previous research has investigated how these negative attitudes are related to various demographic variables, this research examined how they might differ cross-culturally, and how they are related to general beliefs about a just world, one's preference to distribute resources on the basis of merit or need, and one's health locus of control. Undergraduates from the U.S. (N=145) and West Germany (N=108) responded to a questionnaire which measured these dimensions. The most negative attitudes towards people with AIDS were found among males who were external in health locus of control, had more negative attitudes towards allocating resources on the basis of need, and had positive attitudes towards allocating on the basis of merit. As compared to U.S. respondents, German respondents indicated less of a just world view, less preference for merit, more preference for need as an allocation strategy, and more external health locus of control beliefs. Although t-tests showed cultural differences in attitudes towards people with AIDS, the effect disappeared in the regression analyses, indicating that it was coming from culture's covariation with the above mentioned dimensions.

scholarly journals Earlier age at menarche as a transdiagnostic mechanism linking childhood trauma with multiple forms of psychopathology in adolescent girls

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Colich ◽  
Jonathan M. Platt ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Jennifer A. Sumner ◽  
Nicholas B. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractBackgroundAlthough early life adversity (ELA) increases risk for psychopathology, mechanisms linking ELA with the onset of psychopathology remain poorly understood. Conceptual models have argued that ELA accelerates development. It is unknown whether all forms of ELA are associated with accelerated development or whether early maturation is a potential mechanism linking ELA with psychopathology. We examine whether two distinct dimensions of ELA – threat and deprivation – have differential associations with pubertal timing in girls, and evaluate whether accelerated pubertal timing is a mechanism linking ELA with the onset of adolescent psychopathology.MethodsData were drawn from a large, nationally representative sample of 4937 adolescent girls. Multiple forms of ELA characterized by threat and deprivation were assessed along with age at menarche (AAM) and the onset of DSM-IV fear, distress, externalizing, and eating disorders.ResultsGreater exposure to threat was associated with earlier AAM (B = −0.1, p = 0.001). Each 1-year increase in AAM was associated with reduced odds of fear, distress, and externalizing disorders post-menarche (ORs = 0.74–0.85). Earlier AAM significantly mediated the association between exposure to threat and post-menarche onset of distress (proportion mediated = 6.2%), fear (proportion mediated = 16.3%), and externalizing disorders (proportion mediated = 2.9%).ConclusionsAccelerated pubertal development in girls may be one transdiagnostic pathway through which threat-related experiences confer risk for the adolescent onset of mental disorders. Early pubertal maturation is a marker that could be used in both medical and mental health settings to identify trauma-exposed youth that are at risk for developing a mental disorder during adolescence in order to better target early interventions.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Student Attitudes toward Snakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Özel ◽  
Pavol Prokop ◽  
Muhammet Uşak
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Scientific Attitudes

AbstractThere is an increasing amount of research focusing on the origin of the human fear of animals. However, other dimensions of human views of frightening animals have been largely neglected. This study investigated attitudes toward snakes. The Snake Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), which consisted of 58 Likert-type items (Cronbach's α = 0.91), was administered in a sample of students from two countries (Turkey and Slovakia). Students showed negative attitudes toward snakes, especially within the Negativistic and Naturalistic dimensions. Turkish students showed more positive Scientistic and Naturalistic attitudes than Slovakian students, and females showed more negative attitudes toward snakes than males. Although biology majors had more positive attitudes, compared with nonbiology majors, knowledge of snakes and beliefs about untrue myths were similar between these two subgroups. Our research indicates that fear of snakes negatively influences other attitudinal dimensions (especially naturalistic and scientific attitudes) although no students had been injured by a snake. Keeping various pets at home was associated with less fear of snakes. Nature protection actions should combine direct contact with these controversial animals with interventions against belief in untrue myths about snakes.

Companion Animals in Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia R. Toukhsati ◽  
Clive J.C. Phillips ◽  
Anthony L. Podberscek ◽  
Grahame J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Normative Pressure ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Human Animal

The prevalence of companion animal caregiving was estimated, and demographic and psychosocial factors that predict sterilization behaviors in caregivers in Thailand were identified. Thai nationals (n = 494) were recruited by random for the Culture and Human-Animal Interactions (chai) telephone survey. The results showed 74% of respondents had a cat and/or a dog (60% dogs, 23% cats); 22% of dogs and 19% of cats were sterilized. Logistic Regression analyses revealed positive attitudes toward desexing, and the perception that important others would endorse this practice best predicted sterilization practices. For caregivers with unsterilized companions, Hierarchical Multiple Regression analyses revealed perceived capability to sterilize, positive attitudes toward desexing, and perceived normative pressure to sterilize accounted for 35% and 45% of the variance in intentions to sterilize dogs and cats, respectively. Culturally sensitive initiatives targeting negative attitudes, enhancing normative pressure, and increasing perceived personal agency to sterilize may improve sterilization rates in Thailand.

Perceived Effectiveness of Random Testing for Alcohol and Drugs in the Australian Aviation Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Christina M. Rudin-Brown ◽  
Eve Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽  
Michael G. Lenné
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Student Pilots ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Random testing for alcohol and other drugs (AODs) in individuals who perform safety-sensitive activities as part of their aviation role was introduced in Australia in April 2009. One year later, an online survey (N = 2,226) was conducted to investigate attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge regarding random testing and to gauge perceptions regarding its effectiveness. Private, recreational, and student pilots were less likely than industry personnel to report being aware of the requirement (86.5% versus 97.1%), to have undergone testing (76.5% versus 96.1%), and to know of others who had undergone testing (39.9% versus 84.3%), and they had more positive attitudes toward random testing than industry personnel. However, logistic regression analyses indicated that random testing is more effective at deterring AOD use among industry personnel.

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

Human-carnivore coexistence: factors influencing stakeholder attitudes towards large carnivores and conservation in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Esther van der Meer ◽  
Hans Dullemont
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Carnivore Conservation ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Stakeholder Attitudes

Summary Promoting human-carnivore coexistence is a main component of carnivore conservation. Coexistence programmes are usually informed by attitudinal studies that evaluate intended behaviour towards carnivores. This questionnaire survey assesses attitudes of governmental and non-governmental conservation stakeholders in Zimbabwe towards living with carnivores, large carnivore species and the conservation of wildlife, and determines whether being part of coexistence programmes (CAMPFIRE, TFCAs) positively affects attitudes. Stakeholder attitudes were most positive when employment was directly related to wildlife and stakeholders had knowledge about and exposure to carnivores. Stakeholders who depend on livestock and/or had little knowledge about and less exposure to carnivores were most negative, this included governmental stakeholders responsible for natural resource management. Positive attitudes were largely based on the aesthetic and economic value of carnivores, while negative attitudes were based on the fear of livestock loss and perceived danger to humans. Subsistence farmers were the most negative stakeholders, as such, the focus on this group to promote coexistence seems justified. However, although some stakeholders were more positive in CAMPFIRE areas or TFCAs, CAMPFIRE and TFCAs failed to improve attitudes of subsistence farmers, which highlights a need to evaluate and adapt these programmes.

scholarly journals Balanced diet related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) among adolescent school girls in Noakhali district, Bangladesh: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Ghosh ◽  
Md Ruhul Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Akibul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
School Girls

AbstractObjectivesAdolescence, a crucial period for growth velocity including sexual maturation, is an important period of life and young adolescent girls need to have proper knowledge, positive attitudes and practice of balanced diet to achieve optimum growth and development. Considering its importance this study attempts to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of balanced diets among adolescent schoolgirls in Noakhali district, Bangladesh.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three secondary schools in Noakhali district, Bangladesh. A multistage sampling techniques was used to select schools and study participants. A total of 485 adolescent school girls participated and a pre-designed, validated and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. In addition to descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were employed for analysis.ResultsThe results from the study revealed that more than half of the students did not have good knowledge about a balanced diet, 42.8% had a positive attitude, whereas the practice of consuming a balanced diet was rather low (only 4.5%). Students studying in government schools had better knowledge and attitudes than non-government school students. Moreover, 41.1% of students were underweight; more than 60% of respondent’s mothers did not have an education higher than secondary school and were mostly unemployed housewives. Parent’s education, mother’s occupation, and types of school have a strong association with KAP; however, father’s education and occupation showed an association of varying degrees. Being knowledgeable was related to positive attitudes, and students with good knowledge had (OR: 1.828; 95% CI: 1.270–2.631) more likely to have positive attitudes towards a balanced diet.ConclusionsThus, proper knowledge about a balanced diet should be introduced with basic nutritional knowledge to all levels of public education. Interventions and programs can be designed to improve knowledge, attitude, and more specifically the practice at the household level so that adolescent girls can have a proper diet during their sexual maturation phase.

Gender and Attitudes toward Computers and Calculators: Their Relationship to Math Performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail F. Munger ◽  
Brenda H. Loyd
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Attitudes Toward Computers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Calculators ◽  
The Relationship

In education, computers and calculators historically have been associated with mathematics and the sciences, and are frequently incorporated into these areas of the curriculum. This may have serious implications for females because of the long history of reported sex differences in achievement and attitudes in mathematics and related disciplines. This study of sixty high school students examines the relationship between mathematics performance and students' attitudes toward technology (computers and calculators), and whether the relationship is similar for males and females. A practice form of the General Educational Development (GED) test was used to measure mathematics performance. Students' attitudes toward computers were assessed by the Computer Attitude Scale, and attitudes toward calculators were assessed by a 4-item measure developed by the authors. In general, students with more positive attitudes toward computers and calculators were found to perform better than students with more negative attitudes.

Determinants of Attitudes Toward Physical Education

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Figley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Incident Report ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Physical Education

The development of positive attitudes toward physical education has been a longstanding and desirable goal of the program of physical education. The intent of this investigation was to identify those aspects of the program students reported as turning them on to or turning them off from physical education. The critical incident report was the tool used to gather information. The subjects (N = 100) classified the reported incidents as either positive or negative, and their comments were then categorized into five broad categories: (a) teacher, (b) curriculum, (c) atmosphere of the classroom, (d) peer behavior, and (e) perceptions of self. Further classification occurred within each category. The results indicated that the items most frequently mentioned in relation to both positive and negative attitudes related to the teacher and the curriculum. Some interesting patterns evolved both within and between the various categories. The most encouraging aspect of the investigation is that the great majority of causal determinants of negative attitudes are amenable to change. If physical educators value the goal of developing positive attitudes toward physical education, then information gathered in studies such as this should prove valuable to both current physical educators and those involved in teacher education programs.

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