Issues for Veterinarians in Recognizing and Reporting Animal Neglect and Abuse

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Patronek
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Voluntary Reporting ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Animal Neglect

AbstractThis article discusses issues relevant to recent efforts to increase veterinary reporting of cases of animal mistreatment in the USA. These issues include mandatory vs. voluntary reporting, client confidentiality obligations, the legal definitions of animal cruelty, abuse, and neglect in state laws, ethical conflicts between a veterinarian's obligations to animals and clients, perceived vs. real barriers to reporting, the circumstances under which a veterinarian is likely to encounter animal mistreatment in practice, and the lack of accepted diagnostic criteria for the "battered pet."

scholarly journals Country-Specific Prevalence and Incidence of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Lynch ◽  
Margarita Barrientos-Pérez ◽  
Mona Hafez ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin ◽  
Margarita Kovarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Epidemiology Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Country Specific

<b><i>Background:</i></b> With increased awareness of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children and adolescents, an overview of country-specific differences in epidemiology data is needed to develop a global picture of the disease development. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> This study examined country-specific prevalence and incidence data of youth-onset T2D published between 2008 and 2019, and searched for national guidelines to expand the understanding of country-specific similarities and differences. Of the 1,190 articles and 17 congress abstracts identified, 58 were included in this review. Our search found the highest reported prevalence rates of youth-onset T2D in China (520 cases/100,000 people) and the USA (212 cases/100,000) and lowest in Denmark (0.6 cases/100,000) and Ireland (1.2 cases/100,000). However, the highest incidence rates were reported in Taiwan (63 cases/100,000) and the UK (33.2 cases/100,000), with the lowest in Fiji (0.43 cases/100,000) and Austria (0.6 cases/100,000). These differences in epidemiology data may be partly explained by variations in the diagnostic criteria used within studies, screening recommendations within national guidelines and race/ethnicity within countries. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Our study suggests that published country-specific epidemiology data for youth-onset T2D are varied and scant, and often with reporting inconsistencies. Finding optimal diagnostic criteria and screening strategies for this disease should be of high interest to every country. <b><i>Trial Registration:</i></b> Not applicable.

scholarly journals THE LAW OF MEDICAL PRIVACY IN THE USA: NOT GOOD ENOUGH FOR COVID-19

Medicne pravo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Dean M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Health Data ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Law ◽  
Medical Privacy ◽  
Privacy Issues

This article addresses the privacy of medical and health data in the US. It analyzes the scope and requirements of federal and state laws in the US, and it discusses the weaknesses in the US protection of medical privacy. Then, this article explains how the weak US system of privacy protection was unable to handle many important privacy issues in the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the article concludes with some recommendations for action.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE USA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY GOODS WITH INCREASED HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
S.M. Salikhova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Shakhaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Place ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Legal System ◽  
Definition Of

The relevance of the consideration of the problem of civil liability for harm caused by goods with increased hazardous properties is determined by the fact that such cases occupy an increasingly important place in judicial practice. This shows that not only the legal awareness of citizens is growing, but the very definition of “goods with increased dangerous properties” does not have all the principles of specificity. In this regard, one can turn to the experience of other countries, especially those where consumer protection has proven effective. The United States is one of such countries, where not only the culture of consumption is high, but also the legal culture. This combination allows the American legal system to respond to citizens ’appeals in a timely manner and resolve issues with an objective review of cases where liability for damage caused by goods with increased dangerous properties is considered. In the United States, the definition of civil liability for manufacturers and sellers of goods and services is governed by federal and state laws. Moreover, it is the laws of the states in most cases that govern the most important aspects related to determining the shortage of goods, services and work. It should be noted the importance of the precedent in the US legal system, which also determines many cases for determining civil liability for harm caused by some properties of goods. To compare the fundamentals of the legislation of the two countries in the studied area, the comparative legal research method was applied, which allows us to highlight general and excellent legislative norms. Based on the results of the comparison, it was concluded that the similarities and differences between the American and Russian legislation in terms of civil-steam liability for damage caused by goods with dangerous properties.

Smoke-free and tobacco-free colleges and universities in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D Blake ◽  
Amanda L Klein ◽  
Laura Walpert ◽  
Len Casey ◽  
Cynthia Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Education Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Education Statistics

ObjectiveTo describe the number and proportion of accredited, degree-granting institutions with 100% smoke-free and 100% tobacco-free protections across the USA and by state.MethodsData on postsecondary education institutions from the US Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System 2015, and smoke-free and tobacco-free campus protections from the American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation’s Smokefree and Tobacco-Free Colleges and Universities List 2017, were integrated to calculate the number and proportion of: (1) smoke-free and tobacco-free accredited, degree-granting institutions and (2) students and staff protected by campus policies and state laws. Campus protections are given a 100% smoke-free designation if smoking is not allowed on campus anywhere, at any time; 100% tobacco-free designations extend smoke-free protections to include non-combustible products such as smokeless tobacco.Results823 accredited, degree-granting institutions (16.7%) representing 1816 individual campuses, sites and schools have either 100% smoke-free or 100% tobacco-free protections. An estimated 14.9 million college students (26.9%) and 8.9 million faculty and staff (25.4%) are protected by campus policies and state laws. Only three states and two territories have 100% smoke-free or 100% tobacco-free protections in over half of their institutions; four states and six territories have no known 100% smoke-free or 100% tobacco-free campus protections.ConclusionsIn 2017, just 16.7% of accredited, degree-granting institutions in the USA had 100% smoke-free or 100% tobacco-free protections. Despite progress, more efforts can ensure that students and staff benefit from comprehensive 100% smoke-free and 100% tobacco-free protections at US colleges and universities.

scholarly journals Blocking the progressive city: How state pre-emptions undermine labour rights in the USA

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802091033
Author(s):  
Yunji Kim ◽  
Austin M Aldag ◽  
Mildred E Warner
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
City Authority ◽  
State Laws ◽  
The Public ◽  
Paid Leave ◽  
Labour Rights ◽  
Prevailing Wage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Us Cities

While some US cities and states have taken the lead in protecting labour rights, a counter-trend is found in state pre-emptions – state laws that prohibit cities from making any ordinances or laws related to certain policy areas. What drives these state-level actions that undermine progressive city leadership in the USA? We examine recent state legislations that pre-empt city authority to regulate labour conditions and protect labour rights in the private and public sectors (i.e. minimum wage, paid leave, fair scheduling, right to work, prevailing wage). We use a 50-state regression model to explore what differentiates states with more pre-emption of labour rights and potential sources of pushback. States with low minimum wages, which have never had strong labour protections, pre-empt more. Unions can be sources of pushback – greater unionisation is linked to fewer pre-emptions. However, in Republican-controlled states, more unionisation is linked to more pre-emptions. We use Wisconsin as an example of a state that adopted anti-union policies – despite strong pushback from the public – to explore how strong labour protections can act as a ‘trigger’ for states to undermine labour rights.

Ethical dilemmas encountered by small animal veterinarians: characterisation, responses, consequences and beliefs regarding euthanasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (19) ◽  
pp. 548-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Kipperman ◽  
Patricia Morris ◽  
Bernard Rollin
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Ethics Training ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Moral Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Related Stress

Small animal veterinarians’ opinions were investigated regarding the frequency and nature of ethical dilemmas encountered, beliefs regarding euthanasia and balancing client and animal interests, prevalence and value of ethics training and proposals to mitigate the stressful effects of ethical dilemmas. The majority (52 per cent) of 484 respondents in the USA indicated via an online survey experiencing an ethical dilemma regarding the interests of clients and those of their patients at least weekly. Scenarios involving client financial concerns were commonly reported causes of ethical conflicts. While only 20 per cent of respondents indicated that other practitioners prioritise patient interests, 50 per cent of respondents characterised their own behaviour as prioritising patients. Most respondents (52 per cent) reported that ethical dilemmas are the leading cause, or are one of many equal causes, of work-related stress. Less experienced practitioners, general practitioners and associate veterinarians were more likely to encounter situations they defined as ethical dilemmas, and female respondents were more likely to find ethical dilemmas stressful. Most small animal veterinarians experience ethical dilemmas regularly, which contribute to moral stress. Results suggested that most small animal practitioners believe that greater awareness of moral stress and providing training in ethical theories and tools for coping with ethical dilemmas can ameliorate moral stress.

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