Comparative morphology of the adrenal gland in selected species of the genus Podarcis

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Laforgia ◽  
A. Capaldo ◽  
L. Varano ◽  
A. Cavagnuolo ◽  
R. Putti
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
A Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Steroidogenic Tissue ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe morphology of the adrenal gland and relationships between noradrenalin (NA) and adrenalin (A) cells were studied in selected species of the genus Podarcis. As in other previously-studied genera, the morphology of the adrenal gland is not homogeneous, and the species examined can be divided into two groups according to the relationship between chromaffin and steroidogenic tissue. Podarcis taurica and P. hispanica, in which the two tissues are strongly separated, belong to one group. P. wagleriana, P. muralis, P. sicula, P. pelofionnesiaca and P. melisellensis belong to a second group in which dorsal chromaffin ribbons send digitations between the steroidogenic cords. The NA/A cell ratio is higher in species of the first group than in those of the second.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the interaction range and association rate of surface-attached cadherin 11

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. 9256-9261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pierres ◽  
Hélène Feracci ◽  
Véronique Delmas ◽  
Anne-Marie Benoliel ◽  
Jean-Paul Thiery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Association Rate ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
The Relationship

We describe a method allowing quantitative determination of the interaction range and association rate of individual surface-attached molecules. Spherical beads (1.4 μm radius) were coated with recombinant outer domains of the newly described classical type II cadherin 11, a cell adhesion molecule. Beads were driven along cadherin-coated surfaces with a hydrodynamic force of ≈1 pN, i.e., much less than the mechanical strength of many ligand-receptor bonds. Spheres displayed periods of slow motion interspersed with arrests of various duration. Particle position was monitored with 50 Hz frequency and 0.025 μm accuracy. Nearly 1 million positions were recorded and processed. Comparison between experimental and computer-simulated trajectories suggested that velocity fluctuations might be related quantitatively to Brownian motion perpendicular to the surface. The expected amplitude of this motion was of order of 100 nm. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between sphere acceleration and velocity allowed simultaneous determination of the wall shear rate and van der Waals attraction between spheres and surface. The Hamaker constant was estimated at 2.9 × 10−23 J. The frequency of bond formation was then determined as a function of sphere velocity. Experimental data were consistent with the view that the rate of association between a pair of adhesion molecules was ≈1.2 × 10−3 s−1 and the interaction range was ≈10 nm. It is concluded that the presented methodology allows sensitive measurement of sphere-to-surface interactions (with ≈10 fN sensitivity) as well as the effective range and rate of bond formation between individual adhesion molecules.

A Study on Relevance between Distortion of Distributed Mode Loudspeaker and Characteristic of Sound Panel

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2105-2110
Author(s):  
Liang Jin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Frequency ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Impedance Matrix ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Radiated Sound ◽  
Sound Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radiated Sound Power

From flat-plate flexural vibration and radiated sound power discussed the inherent relationship between panel vibration frequency of distributed mode loudspeaker and geometric parameters, impedance matrix of soundboard and studied the relationship between soundboard structure of polyester foam sandwich panel and distortion of loudspeaker. Experimental results showed that distortion increases as the cell size and compress modulus, cell ratio, cell open ratio and thickness increases, but the sound sensitivity decreases as the compress modulus increases.

3. Proteins

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Mark Lorch
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cellular Machinery ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines proteins, the dominant proportion of cellular machinery, and the relationship between protein structure and function. The multitude of biological processes needed to keep cells functioning are managed in the organism or cell by a massive cohort of proteins, together known as the proteome. The twenty amino acids that make up the bulk of proteins produce the vast array of protein structures. However, amino acids alone do not provide quite enough chemical variety to complete all of the biochemical activity of a cell, so the chapter also explores post-translation modifications. It finishes by looking as some dynamic aspects of proteins, including enzyme kinetics and the protein folding problem.

The Relationship Between Internalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Changes of Cellular Optical Scatter Signal

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6310-6315
Author(s):  
Jingguang Xia ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ming Ma ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Argon Laser ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
High Viability ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Magnetic Labeling ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Relationship

Carboxylmethyl starch sodium-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMS@MNs) with average size of 10 nm were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation. Cellular iron content showed that CMS@MNs could be efficiently uptaken by human hepatoma cells. TEM image showed that clusters consisting of nanoparticles were enclosed within sub-micrometric endosomes and one cell contained several such endosomes. After incubation with the nanoparticles, a phenomenon appeared that the intensity of cellular side scatter signal (SSC) obtained by flow cytometry at 488 nm argon laser increased. It was demonstrated that the increase of SSC signal was induced by a cell itself, and mainly caused by the nanoparticles both adsorbed on the membrane and internalized into cytoplasm. Although without inducing cell death the treatments with the nanoparticles could lead to increased permeability of cell membrane to propidium iodide. Results implied a potential that flow cytometry might be used as a tool to rapidly evaluate and select cells with high magnetic labeling and high viability in cellular transplant.

Snail-borne zoonotic trematodes in edible viviparid snails obtained from wet markets in Northern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chantima ◽  
C. Rika
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Edible viviparid snails are suspected to be the source of human echinostomiasis in Thailand, but little is known about the prevalence of viviparid snail parasitization by echinostomes in snails sold for human consumption in wet markets. Here, the prevalence of echinostome metacercariae and the association between parasitic intensity and host size, as well as the relationship to host species, were investigated. In total, 1100 viviparid snails belonging to four species (Cipangopaludina annandalei, Filopaludina martensi martensi, F. sumatrensis polygramma and F. doliaris) were obtained from wet markets in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. All snail species were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae with total prevalence and mean intensity values of 16.5% and 16.4, respectively. The metacercariae of the avian trematode, Thapariella anastomusa were found in Filopaludina spp. snails. Interestingly, C. annandalei identified in this study had not previously been considered a food source and this is the first report of echinostome metacercaria in this snail species. Results confirmed the role of C. annandalei as the second intermediate host of the trematode; however, the species identity of these echinostomes remains unclear. Comparative morphology of these metacercariae and their adult stage require further study, and molecular markers are necessary to confirm their identification. Prevalence and intensity of echinostomes metacercariae was significantly associated with snail species.

scholarly journals Imaging of Cell Structures Using Optimized Soft X-ray Contact Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Natalia Osuchowska ◽  
Przemysław Wachulak ◽  
Agata Nowak-Stępniowska ◽  
Andrzej Bartnik ◽  
Kajangi Gnanachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Thickness ◽  
Exposure Conditions

This work is to study the relationship between the exposure conditions and the quality of cell imaging with soft X-ray contact microscopy (SXCM). It is a crucial step in the efficient visualization of cell structures. Three different human cell lines: DU145 prostate carcinoma cells, HCC38 breast cancer cells, and Poietics mesenchymal stem cells were used to establish the optimal exposure conditions in SXCM. The image quality depended on the soft X-ray (SXR) absorbed energy and photoresist development conditions. At lower SXR energy (200 or 400 SXR pulses), sharp cell edges, membrane projections, and cell–cell connections were visible. In contrast, higher energy (600 or 800 SXR pulses) allowed observation of the cytoskeleton and the nucleus in a cell type-dependent manner (the influence of cell thickness and internal complexity was noted).

scholarly journals Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest increases the plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kashiwagi ◽  
Kimiaki Komukai ◽  
Haruka Kimura ◽  
Toraaki Okuyama ◽  
Tomoki Maehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Experiment System ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Culture Experiment

Abstract Natriuretic peptides (NPs) regulate blood pressure and fluid homeostasis and exert various effects on the cardiovascular system. Recently, the relationship between NPs and the energy metabolism has been reported, and using a cell culture experiment system, we previously showed that NP activated brown cells in a low temperature environment while also suppressing a decrease in the cell temperature. However, few reports have described the secretion of NPs in cold environments, and there have been almost no studies of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in humans. We investigated how NPs respond to cold environments in 21 patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after cardiac arrest. The plasma BNP levels were significantly increased (more than fivefold) during TH (logarithmically from 1.98 ± 0.79 to 2.63 ± 0.59, P < 0.01). During TH, diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) significantly decreased, and there were no significant changes in the stroke volume index (SVI). This increase of BNP was not associated with any hemodynamic changes. In contrast to our findings for BNP, the change in A-type NP (ANP) was quite small. We detected a significant increase in the plasma BNP levels during TH, unrelated to hemodynamics. This elevation of BNP levels seems to be potential influenced by hypothermia.

scholarly journals Hydatid Cyst of the Adrenal Gland: A Clinical Study of Six Cases

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2420-2425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Horchani ◽  
Yassine Nouira ◽  
Kais Nouira ◽  
Haikel Bedioui ◽  
Emna Menif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland (HCAG) is an exceptional occurrence. We report our experience of six cases of HCAG and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this hydatid localization. We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical files of six patients admitted to our institution from January 1990 to December 2000 for HCAG. Patients varied in age from 24—59 years. They were five males and one female. One patient had a history of pulmonary hydatidosis treated surgically 10 years previously. Five patients presented with lumbar pain and one patient had bouts of hypertension, headache, and palpitation. Physical examination was normal except in one patient who was hypertensive. Preoperative diagnosis was highly suggested by ultrasonography. CT scan performed in all cases clearly showed the relationship of the cyst with adjacent organs. Serology tests were positive in two cases. One patient had elevated urine VMA and was operated on with the diagnosis of cystic phaeochromocytoma. All six patients were operated on and had either an adrenalectomy (two cases) or partial pericystectomy (four cases). In one case, partial pericystectomy was conducted through a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The hydatid nature of the cyst was confirmed pathologically. All patients had a smooth postoperative course with no cystic recurrence on follow-up. The diagnosis of HCAG is based mainly on ultrasonography and CT scan. Surgery with either partial or total excision of the cyst, with or without preservation of the adrenal gland, is the treatment of choice.

scholarly journals Decreased miRNA-146A in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Target Notch1

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-qi Hu ◽  
Lai-guang Sun ◽  
Wu-jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Nontumor Tissue ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the microRNA 146a (miR-146a) and the proliferation of cells occurring in glioblastoma multiforme. The secondary purpose of the paper is to investigate abnormalities of expression in miR-146a. Methods A real-time PCR assay was used to investigate the abnormal expression of miR-146a in glioma and adjacent tissue. Lipofection was used to transfect a mimic of miR-146a and induce the upregulation of miR-146a. Real-time PCR was used to observe the expression level of miR-146a. A cell viability analysis was conducted using MTT. A luciferase report vector was used to identify potential targets for miR-146a. Results The miR-146a component was found to be downregulated in glioma tissue compared with adjacent nontumor tissue (p<0.05). The upregulation of miR-146a in glioma cells through miR-146a mimic transfection led to reduction of cell viability and to an increase in the percentage of apoptosis. Notch1 was the name of the potential targeted gene for miR-146a in glioma. Conclusions The study found that the presence of miR-146a potentially affected the proliferation of glioma cells by regulating the rate of Notch1 expression.

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