Evaluation of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) as alternative hosts for laboratory mass-rearing of Strelkovimermis spiculatus (Nematoda: Mermithidae)

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Achinelly ◽  
Nora Camino
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Host Infection

AbstractThe effect of the number of pre-parasitic juveniles of Strelkovimermis spiculatus on infection rate in larvae of the culicid mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens, and the susceptibility of different larval instars of the culicids to the parasite, was studied in order to facilitate laboratory mass production of the nematode. The infection rate in each mosquito species varied between 72 and 100% for the different concentrations of pre-parasites used per host. Infection percentages in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae exposed to S. spiculatus varied from 11 to 98%. Significant differences in percentage infection were observed between 4th instar larvae and the earlier instars. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the feasibility of mass-rearing S. spiculatus in A. aegypti and C. pipiens under laboratory conditions.

Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Morava River floodplain, Slovakia

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Strelková ◽  
Jozef Halgoš
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Morava River

AbstractResearch on the Morava River floodplain mosquito fauna was carried out from April to October in 2009 and 2010. Altogether, 5864 adults were collected and identified from 12 selected sites. The presence of 28 mosquito species belonging to 6 genera were confirmed in the study area. The floodplain of the Morava River is known for its frequent inundation every year. The floods are quite irregular and often followed by the mass production of mosquitoes. The most abundant species were Aedes vexans (41.4%), Ae. cinereus (7.5%), Ae. rossicus (16.7%), Ochlerotatus sticticus (20.5%), and Culex pipiens (3.1%). Ae. vexans and Oc. sticticus are typical outbreak species for the Morava River floodplain. The years 2009 and 2010 differed in the number of floods, which influenced the mosquito faunal composition and abundance during the year.

Detection of dengue virus in Aedes mosquitoes in Delhi, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Suresh Chand Kaushik ◽  
Sukhvir Singh ◽  
Purnima Srivastava ◽  
R. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

Detection of viruses in human sera particularly in endemic areas is cumbersome and laborious. Therefore, an alternative approach, Immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to determine dengue virus (DENV) positivity in mosquitoes. A total of 1055 adult Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes were tested for IFA test against DENV. Minimum infection rate (MIR) for DENV was found higher during August to November 2016 ranging from 10.75 to 20.83. The average yearly MIR was about 6.64. Higher MIR for Ae. aegypti was found in Sarfabad, Noida (12.71) and Khoda Colony, Ghaziabad (11.90). Minimum MIR (4.67) was observed in Sanjay colony (Faridabad). The main contribution of this study resides in the development of a more suitable monitoring system for early detection of viral circulation and to prioritize early intervention in the non-transmission season.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Estudio y evaluación de depredadores y bacterias entomopatógenas de Aedes aegypti (L.) y Culex pipiens (L.), como potenciales agentes de control

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
María Cecilia Tranchida
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
La Plata

Aedes aegypti y Culex pipiens se encuentran entre las principales especies de mosquitos vectores de enfermedades a nivel mundial. Ambas, son de gran importancia sanitaria en la Argentina. Aedes aegypti, es el principal vector del dengue y la fiebre amarilla. Está presente en la Argentina desde 1983, cuando fue confirmada su reemergencia en nuestro país. A partir de entonces comenzaron a detectarse casos de dengue hasta que el último brote de esta enfermedad en 2009 produjo 24.720 casos autóctonos confirmados por la OPS a nivel nacional. Culex pipiens es vector de algunas filariasis, y de importantes arbovirosis como la ocasionada por el virus del Nilo Occidental. La actividad vectorial de este mosquito se ve incrementada en zonas donde la densidad de zanjas de desagüe domiciliario es elevada, ya que este tipo de ambiente constituye un lugar propicio para su desarrollo. De su importancia sanitaria nace la necesidad de controlar su actividad vectorial, manteniendo las poblaciones en bajas densidades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar estrategias para el control de A. aegypti y C. pipiens, basadas en métodos biológicos, eficaces, permanentes y seguros para el ambiente, mediante el empleo de enemigos naturales presentes en las poblaciones de ambas especies. En este trabajo, fueron evaluados copépodos, turbelarios y peces como depredadores; y bacterias entomopatógenas (α-protobacterias y bacterias esporulantes). El estudio de los copépodos, tuvo como objetivo identificar a la comunidad de copépodos larvívoros que se desarrolla en los criaderos de mosquitos, ubicados en los alrededores de la ciudad de La Plata, para identificar nuevas especies capaces de depredar mosquitos que habitan recipientes artificiales (A. aegypti y C. pipiens). La diversidad de copépodos larvívoros fue mayor en los cuerpos de agua permanentes. Acanthocyclops robustus, Diacyclops uruguayensis, Macrocyclops albidus y Mesocyclops longisetus fueron seleccionados por su capacidad depredadora. En el laboratorio fueron evaluadas: la capacidad de depredación de ambos sexos y diferentes estadios, preferencia de especie presa, y la tasa de depredación diaria. Las hembras de estas especies de copépodos presentaron mayor capacidad depredadora. No se detectó preferencia de los copépodos hacia ninguna de las especies de mosquitos. También se evaluó la tolerancia a la desecación y la capacidad de vivir en el agua que se acumula en los recipientes artificiales. Diacyclops uruguayensis y A. robustus sobrevivieron en las condiciones de sequía ensayadas en este estudio, pero D. uruguayensis mostró una menor supervivencia en el agua de recipientes artificiales. Macrocyclops albidus no sobrevivió en condiciones de sequía ni toleró el agua extraída de los recipientes artificiales. La supervivencia de M. longisetus ante estas condiciones, fue reducida. Se concluyó que las especies D. uruguayensis y A. robustus podrían ser buenos candidatos para el control de especies de mosquitos que crían en recipientes artificiales.

A Simple PCR Assay for Discrimination of Dengue Vectors from Nsukka LGA, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Amos Watentena ◽  
Ikem Chris Okoye ◽  
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah ◽  
Onwude Cosmas Ogbonnaya ◽  
Emmanuel Ogudu
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Mosquitoes of Aedes species are vectors of several arboviral diseases which continue to be a major public health problem in Nigeria. This study among other things, morphologically identified Aedes mosquitoes collected from Nsukka LGA and used an allele specific PCR amplification for discrimination of dengue vectors. Larval sampling, BG-sentinel traps and modified human landing catches were used for mosquito sampling in two selected autonomous communities of Nsukka LGA (Nsukka and Obimo). A total of 124 Aedes mosquitoes consisting of five (5) different species were collected from April to June, 2019 in a cross-sectional study that covered 126 households, under 76 distinct geographical coordinates. Larvae was mainly collected from plastic containers 73% (n=224), metallic containers 14% (n=43), earthen pots 9% (n=29) and used car tyres 3% (n=9), reared to adult stage 69.35% (n=86), and all mosquitoes were identified using standard morphological keys. Five (5) Aedes mosquito species were captured; Aedes aegypti 83(66.94%), Aedes albopictus 33(26.61%), Aedes simpsoni (4.48%), Aedes luteocephalus (≤1%) and Aedes vittatus (≤1%). Nsukka autonomous community had higher species diversity than Obimo. Allele specific amplification confirmed dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species on a 2% agarose gel. Since the most recent re-emergence of arboviral diseases is closely associated with Aedes species, findings of this study, therefore, give further evidence about the presence of potential arboviral vectors in Nigeria and describe the role of a simple PCR in discriminating some. Further entomological studies should integrate PCR assays in mosquito vector surveillance.

scholarly journals Transmission Potential of Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Zimler ◽  
Donald A Yee ◽  
Barry W Alto
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Recurrence of local transmission of Zika virus in Puerto Rico is a major public health risk to the United States, where mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes mediovittatus (Coquillett) are abundant. To determine the extent to which Ae. mediovittatus are capable of transmitting Zika virus and the influence of viremia, we evaluated infection and transmission in Ae. mediovittatus and Ae. aegypti from Puerto Rico using serial dilutions of infectious blood. Higher doses of infectious blood resulted in greater infection rates in both mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti females were up to twice as susceptible to infection than Ae. mediovittatus, indicating a more effective midgut infection barrier in the latter mosquito species. Aedes aegypti exhibited higher disseminated infection (40–95%) than Ae. mediovittatus (<5%), suggesting a substantial midgut escape barrier in Ae. mediovittatus. For Ae. aegypti, transmission rates were low over a range of doses of Zika virus ingested, suggesting substantial salivary gland barriers.

scholarly journals Behavioural response of mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus to synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphorus-based slow-release insecticidal paint

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Dhiman ◽  
Kavita Yadav ◽  
B. N. Acharya ◽  
Raj Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
D. Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Contact Exposure

Abstract Background The direct toxicological impact of insecticides on vector mosquitoes has been well emphasized; however, behavioural responses such as excito-repellency and physical avoidance as a result of insecticide exposure have not been much studied. We have demonstrated the excito-repellency and behavioural avoidance in certain vector mosquito species on exposure to a slow-release insecticidal paint (SRIP) formulation in addition to direct toxicity. Methods A SRIP formulation developed by the Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, contains chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin and pyriproxyfen as active insecticides. Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used to study the excito-repellency response of the formulation. The experiments were performed in a specially designed dual-choice exposure and escape chamber made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate. For the experiments, the SRIP formulation was applied undiluted at a rate of 8 m2 per kg on 15 cm2 metallic surfaces. Mosquitoes were introduced into the exposure chamber, and observations of the movement of mosquitoes into the escape chamber through the exit portal were taken at 1-min intervals for up to 30 min. Results The evaluated formulation displayed strong excito-repellency against all three tested vector mosquito species. Results showed that the ET50 (escape time 50%) for Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus was 20.9 min, 14.5 min and 17.9 min for contact exposure (CE) respectively. Altogether in CE, the escape rates were stronger in An. stephensi mosquitoes at different time intervals compared to Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The probit analysis revealed that the determined ET did not deviate from linearity for both non-contact exposure (NCE) and placebo exposure (PE) (χ2 ≤ 7.9; p = 1.0) for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and for NCE (χ2 = 8.3; p = 1.0) and PE (χ2 = 1.7; p = 1.0) treatments in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality (24 h) was found to be statistically higher (F = 6.4; p = 0.02) in An. stephensi for CE but did not vary for NCE (p ≥ 0.3) and PE (p = 0.6) treatments among the tested mosquito species. Survival probability response suggested that all the three tested species displayed similar survival responses for similar exposures (χ2 ≤ 2.3; p ≥ 0.1). Conclusion The study demonstrates the toxicity and strong behavioural avoidance in known vector mosquito species on exposure to an insecticide-based paint formulation. The combination of insecticides in the present formulation will broaden the overall impact spectrum for protecting users from mosquito bites. The efficacy data generated in the study provide crucial information on the effectiveness of the tested formulation and could be useful in reducing the transmission intensity and disease risk in endemic countries.

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