The Chapters on Women in Two Adab Encyclopaedias from the Mamluk Period

Hawwa ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 366-403
Author(s):  
Desirée López Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Female Character ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Female Singers ◽  
Mamluk Period ◽  
Character Types

Abstract This paper is a study of the chapters devoted to women in general and to female figures (female singers) in two encyclopaedic adab works of the Mamluk period, al-Nuwayrī’s Nihāyat al-arab and al-Ibshīhī’s al-Mustaṭraf fī kulli fann al-mustaẓraf. We will analyse the content of these chapters, their focus, the materials from which they are constructed and their objectives within the ensemble of the works. We will also look at the moral and intellectual qualities that configure the portrayal of women in these books, in common with others of adab prose. The final aim of all this is to obtain results to add to those that already exist, with a view to defining the female character types in this literature, the topics that make women visible in it and their relationship with male characters in the stories.

scholarly journals TRANSGRESI SEKSUAL DALAM NOVEL PARA PENEBUS DOSA KARYA MOTINGGO BUSYE (Sexual Transgression in Motinggo Busye’s “Para Penebus Dosa”)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ferry Fauzi Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Female Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Sexual Transgression ◽  
Descriptive Method

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan transgresi seksual yang terdapat dalam novel Para Penebus Dosa karya Motinggo Busye. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Data dari novel dideskripsikan untuk memperoleh gambaran transgresi seksual. Dalam novel tersebut pelanggaran terhadap kebiasaan seksual, norma, dan kelas digambarkan melalui peristiwa seksual yang dialami oleh para tokoh, terutama tokoh perempuan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan digambarkan banyak melakukan tindak transgresi dibandingkan dengan tokoh laki-laki. Analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa narator dalam novel memiliki sikap bias gender dan mendukung nilai-nilai patriarki dengan lebih banyak memberikan hukuman terhadap tokoh perempuan yang melakukan tindak transgresi seksual dibandingkan kepada tokoh laki-laki.Abstract:The paper aims at describing sexual transgression in Motinggo Busye’s “Para Penebus Dosa”.  The research applies descriptive method. The sexual transgressions elaborated in the novel are presented through the deviance of sexual affairs, social norms, and class experienced by the characters, especially female character. The result of the research shows that  female characters described in the story committed a lot of sexual transgressions compared to male characters. The study also reveals that the narrator in the novel  has a gender bias act. Moreover, he supports values of patriarchy by giving more punishment to the female committing sexual transgression act than to the male.

Reimagining Home, Rethinking Sukkah: Rabbinic Discourse and its Contemporary Implications

Jews at Home ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 107-139
Author(s):  
Marjorie Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Character Types

This chapter re-examines assumptions about the gendered meaning of the sukkah. It points out that this ritual structure, linked to the home but apart from it, forced negotiation between the spheres of the ritual and the domestic. The chapter looks at historic sources to reconstruct the process by which the rabbis dictated the gendering of the sukkah that persists to the present. It looks in detail at the male rabbinic figure Rabbi Yohanan ben Hahorani and at the female figures Shammai's daughter-in-law and Queen Helene in their sukkahs. They are observed as character types used by the rabbis for rhetorical purposes to express elements of their own anxiety about the rabbinic home and all that it represents. In this regard, just as the rabbis ‘think with’ the sukkah in order to think about home, they also ‘think with’ the gendered body that occupies home. Each of these three figures disrupts the expected social relations of husband–wife, mother–son, and rabbi–disciple within the spaces of different sukkah structures, and points to aspects of rabbinic identity-formation.

Schrader’s Women: Cat People and Patty Hearst

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
Brian Brems
Keyword(s):  
Female Character ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Existential Anxiety ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Spiritual Freedom ◽  
Robert Bresson

Paul Schrader’s connection with director Robert Bresson is often explored through his male characters, the ‘man in his room’ of Light Sleeper and American Gigolo, but Taxi Driver before them and First Reformed most recently. However, Schrader’s two primary experiments with female characters, Cat People (1982) and Patty Hearst (1988), also follow a similar Bressonian trajectory and end with each female character incarcerated, yet finding a kind of spiritual freedom that helps them realize their identities. This chapter explores Schrader’s women primarily through close examination of Cat People’s Irina (Nastassja Kinski) and Natasha Richardson’s eponymous heroine in Patty Hearst, but use his representation of women in the male-driven films for points of comparison and contrast. In addition, this chapter approaches Schrader’s women as reflections of his male characters, many of whom are driven by existential anxiety that motivates them to seek self-actualization in redemptive violence.

“I am not that I play” – The use of hypercorrection in the performance of gender by Shakespeare’s ‘breeches’ parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-59
Author(s):  
Alexandra Birchfield ◽  
Rolando Coto-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Sociolinguistic Variation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This study uses variationist sociolinguistic methodology to explore the construction of gender in four of Shakespeare’s comedies. Gender performance is at issue in these plays specifically, not only because, in Shakespeare’s time at least, young male actors play the female roles, but also because each play contains a female character in male disguise. By analysing and comparing the patterns of variation used by Shakespeare’s female, male and “female as male” characters, this study provides further insight into Shakespeare’s construction and conceptualisation of gender. Further, by comparing the patterns of gender variation found in these plays with non-fiction data on the gendered variation of the period (Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. 2003. Historical sociolinguistics. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.), it is possible to investigate how accurately Shakespeare captures the sociolinguistic variation present in his society. This study hopes to provide support both for the validity of using sociolinguistic methods to study literature but also for using data from literature in studies of historical sociolinguistic variation and change.

scholarly journals Коды «мужского» и «не-мужского» в художественном мире Morpho Eugenia А.С. Байетт

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Попова-Бондаренко
Keyword(s):  
Female Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Double Reading ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Harmonious World ◽  
Inner Strength

Morpho Eugenia is the first part of the postmodernist novel Angels and Insects by A.S. Byatt. The male world is represented here in abundance by numerous names of famous naturalists, philosophers and poets of the XVII-XVIII centuries and of Victorian England, as well as by the male characters of the novel. It is pointed out that the concepts of “masculine” and “non-masculine” in the novel presuppose double reading, namely, the traditional (Victorian) and posttraditional one (neo-Victorian). In the neo-Victorian interpretation, most of the male characters in the novel are devoid of traditional masculine qualities (honor and dignity, commitment to the cause, inner strength), they bear a stigma of vice (incest), while the “male organization” features of the central female character, non-typical for a Victorian woman (talent, efficiency, perseverance, energy, self-reliance), contribute to the formation of an integral harmonious world of men and women as friends, lovers, like-minded people.

scholarly journals Gender Issues and Intricacies in Shobha De’s Select Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Ollala Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Female Figures

Shobha De, a feminist writer, depicts her female protagonists in a forceful way and uses the plot to emphasize her point that personal is not private but political. The protagonists in her works were outspoken critics of conventional society and its rules. They are not the typical women who accept abusive, unsatisfying, or uncomfortable relationships (in all aspects). It could be male dominance, objectification, sexual discontent, passion, or something else entirely. They don't keep it hidden because they believe it is taboo. On the other hand, the male characters are not shown as villains, but it is evident from the plot that they are products of patriarchal society. Gender issues in her works aren't about female oppression in terms of domestic violence; rather, they are about the sexual vacuum that all of the female characters experience. Male characters were traditionally assigned duties such as sexually active, powerful, and have self-identity, but these female figures defy such stereotypes. They represent women by demonstrating that they too have sexual wants, power, and a need for self-identity. As a result, this research focuses on Shobha De’s novels Socialite Evenings (1989), Sisters (1992), Starry Nights (1991), Second Thoughts (1996), which all deal with gender issues. The study not only examines issues but sheds light on the protagonists' struggles to find self-identity.

scholarly journals Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan dalam Novel Kupu Wengi Mbangun Swarga Karya Tulus Setiyadi (Kajian Feminisme Sastra)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Rieskie Ari Rofiqoh ◽  
Nuning Zaidah ◽  
Yuli Kurniati Werdiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Female Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The purpose of writing this research is to describe violence against the main female character in Kupu Wengi Mbangun Swarga Tulus Setiyadi's book. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the form of violence against the main female character in the novel Kupu Wengi Mbangun Swarga. The method in this research is qualitative, using the theory of feminism which focuses on the violence of the female main character. The research data is in the form of words, phrases, sentences and discourses that contain elements of violence against female characters in the novel Kupu Wengi Mbangun Swarga. The data collection technique is done by reading and recording data quotations that contain forms of violence against the female main character in the novel Kupu Wengi Mbangun Swarga. After the data is collected, data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing data, displaying data and conclusions or verification. The results showed that there were three forms of violence against female figures, namely psychological violence, physical violence and sexual violence. As for the perpetrators of oppression against the main female character, it is carried out by male and female figures. 

scholarly journals She lures, she guides, she quits : Femile characters in Tim Winton's "The Riders"

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
M.Pilar Baines Alarcos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Female Archetypes

Tim Winton is an Australian writer whose male characters often defy the traditional concept of masculinity. As for the notion of femininity, however, this kind of defiance is not displayed. In this essay, I study the presentation of the female protagonists in The Riders in order to illustrate this point, bearing in mind the Australian social and cultural context that surrounds them. Winton’s fictional women, no matter whether they are strong or weak, are normally depicted according to female archetypes. This leads to their negative portrayal as ambivalent beings, thus making them unreliable and even dangerous, as is the case of Jennifer and Irma. In contrast, Billie is a positive female character. She, who is also significantly a child, combines both feminine and masculine qualities. It is precisely this characteristic that enables her to be her father’s protector.

scholarly journals JERITAN PEREMPUAN YANG TERKUNGKUNG SISTEM PATRIARKI DALAM KUMPULAN CERITA PENDEK AKAR PULE: SUATU TINJAUAN FEMINISME RADIKAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Zahratul Umniyyah
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Radical Feminism ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Male Characters

Abstrak : Kajian ini membahas dua cerita pendek dalam Kumpulan Cerita Pendek Akar Pule karya Oka Rusmini. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap, menganalisis, dan mendeskripsikan penderitaan fisik dan penderitaan psikis yang dihadapi perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengarang menyuarakan pemikirannya melalui kemunculan tokoh-tokoh perempuan dan berbagai permasalahan yang bersumber dari laki-laki. Posisi perempuan selalu dianggap lemah, sistem patriarki yang tumbuh subur di Bali semakin menekan kedudukan perempuan sehingga perempuan semakin tidak berdaya dan harus tunduk dengan aturan adat yang sangat merugikan pihak perempuan. Kata kunci: sastra, feminisme radikal, sistem patriarki   Abstract : This study discusses two short stories part of Akar Pule anthology written by Oka Rusmini. In this study, the writer attempts to reveal, analyze, dan describe physical and psychological oppressions experienced by the female character. In this study the writer uses qualitative method as research method. The author voices her thoughts by presenting the female characters and their problem caused by male characters (men). In these short stories female characters (women) are placed in weaker position than men. The patriarchal system which is deeply rooted in Balinese culture gives more oppression towards women making Balinese women more powerless and forcing them to obey the customs that disadvantage them. Keywords: literary work, radical feminism, patriarchal system

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