Environmental Change, Conflicts and Problems of Sustainable Development in the Horn of Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Redie Bereketeab
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Mode Of Life

This article analyses interlinks between environmental changes, conflicts and sustainable development in the Horn of Africa. It makes an argument for the dialectical correlation between the three variables. It is thus argued that environmental deterioration can lead to conflicts, and environmental deterioration and conflicts can also hamper sustainable development. It is also argued that lack of sustainable development can lead to environmental degradation, which can lead to conflicts. Conflict causes environmental degradation, which hampers development. The article also argues that social structures and socio-economic mode of life impact on environment that either aggravates or mitigates conflicts, affecting sustainable development negatively or positively. The social norms, values and practices these social structures and institutions spawn also impact on environment-conflict-development nexus.

Should we turn the tent? Inuit women and climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Dowsley ◽  
Shari Gearheard ◽  
Noor Johnson ◽  
Jocelyn Inksetter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Inuit Knowledge ◽  
Women's Role

Abstract Most of the climate change literature for Arctic Canada in the social sciences has focused on men’s knowledge and experiences. Drawing on research from Qikiqtarjuaq and Clyde River, Nunavut, we explore Inuit women’s perspectives on recent environmental changes, many of which are often attributed to climate change by Inuit or others. We divide issues resulting from environmental change into primary and secondary effects. Primary effects are changes in environmental features that affect, for example, hunting, fishing, and travelling. Secondary effects occur in the community as a result of environmental change. These include changes in the use and condition of country products like seal skins, and the psychological and social impact of environmental changes, such as going out on the land less often due to fear of dangerous conditions. We also offer a preliminary discussion on women’s role in responses to climate change, through their often dominant economic and political roles in their communities, the territory, and various wider global governance fora. Our research indicates that gender helps shape Inuit knowledge of environmental change, as well as social responses to perceptions of change. By examining women’s perceptions of environmental change, we draw attention to the social aspects and also highlight how women can contribute to adaptation, not only to physical changes but also to the resulting social changes.

scholarly journals Environment and security: The concept of ecological and environmental security

2013 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Dejana Jovanovic-Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Scientific Explanations ◽  
The Creation

The terms environmental and ecological security are often used interchangeably by both scientists and politicians, especially in Serbia. Whereas environmental security refers fundamentally to the threat of environmental degradation to political stability, ecological security refers to the creation of a condition where physical surroundings of a community provides for all its needs without diminishing natural resources. Accordingly, ecological security is embedded in the concept of sustainable development. Various trends in the development of security concept and environmental changes are presented in this paper. Finally, scientific explanations of the terms environmental and ecological security are given.

scholarly journals Green Finance: A Step towards Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Mohd ◽  
Vijay Kumar Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substance ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Green Development

In present times of technological progress the worldwide economy is undermined from three major challenges: environmental change, vitality limitations and money related emergency. This is on account of financial improvement conveys alongside itself expenses to the countries in the shape of environmental degradation. Green finance is the solution for accomplishing contract between the economy and nature. Green finance is considered as the monetary help for green development, which decreases ozone depleting substance discharges and air contamination emanations altogether. Green fund in horticulture, green structures, green security and other green activities should increment for the monetary improvement of the nation. In this paper an endeavour has been made to explore the existing literature on the green financeandfuture scope of green finance in India.

scholarly journals Environmental degradation in the transnational area of Changbai Mountain based on multiple remote sensing data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaohang Sun ◽  
Ying Nan ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Xuegang Gan ◽  
Lichen Piao
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development

Rapidly and effectively assessing environmental degradation is essential for promoting regional sustainable development in the transnational area of Changbai Mountain (TACM). However, comprehensively understanding environmental degradation in the TACM is still inadequate. In this study, we developed an environmental degradation index (EDI) by using multiple remote sensing data, including enhanced vegetation index (EVI), gross primary productivity (GPP), land surface temperature (LST), and MODIS surface reflectance products. We then evaluated its performance comparing with the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), and assessed the environmental degradation across the whole TACM, in the subregions of China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), and Russia during 2000-2019. The results indicated that the EDI had the advantages of simplicity and rapidity, which can assess the environmental degradation in the TACM across long-time scales and large spatial extent. The TACM experienced a downward trend of environmental changes from 2000 to 2019. Degraded environment areas (49,329.50 km2) accounted for 30.09% of the entire TACM. The largest area of the degraded environment was on the DPRK’s side (i.e., 25,395.00 km2), which was 5.6 times larger than that on the Russian side and 1.3 times larger than that on the Chinese side. Hotspot areas that experienced significant environmental degradation just covered 17.69% of the land area of the TACM, the area of environmental degradation in them accounted for 33.89% of the total degraded environment across the whole TACM. We suggest that international cooperation policies and measures ought to be enacted to promote regional sustainable development.

scholarly journals Students’ Environmental Attitudes in the Context of Education for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Education ◽  
The Impact

The results of two empirical studies of environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behavior of students studying in different fields (samples of 230 and 132 students) are considered. The features of ecological representations of students of ecological specialties at the beginning and at the end of vocational training are determined. Comparison of the effectiveness of professional ecological education and biological education as education for sustainable development indicates a more pronounced impact of ecological education on the formation of pro-environmental attitudes and readiness for pro-environmental behavior. The dynamics of the attitude to global environmental changes among students of the Faculty of Ecology is determined: from consumer attitude to nature, which is combined with a relatively strong belief that money is the key to solving environmental problems, environmental students come to believe in the priority of the world environmental problems. Changes in worldviews are accompanied by an intensification of pro-ecological behavior in everyday life. The impact of ecological education as the education for sustainable development on personality attitudes manifests itself in two ways - in attitudes to the problem of environmental change and in attitudes toward the natural world. The awareness of the importance of anthropogenic environmental change is accompanied by the clarifying of ideas about money as a universal means of solving environmental problems and the awareness of the importance of environmental change not only for humans but also for other species. An important result of these changes is the increased pro-environmental orientation of everyday behavior.

scholarly journals The Disaster Risk, Global Change, and Sustainability Nexus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Peduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Compound Event ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Changes

Until the 1970s, disaster risk was perceived as a direct consequence of natural hazards. Gradually, disaster risk has come to be understood as a compound event, which lies at the intersection of hazards, exposure, and vulnerability of the exposed elements. After decades of research and lessons learned from mega-disasters, social scientists have introduced the social dimension of disaster risk, and the prevailing understanding is that disasters are also a human construct. Now, due to climate and global environmental changes, even the natural component of hazards is being altered by anthropogenic activities, changing hazard susceptibility, coverage, frequency, and severity. This review retraces the brief history and evolution of the global understanding of disaster risk as a compound event, in parallel with research on global environmental change. It highlights the main milestones in this area, and shows that there are tight connections between trends of disaster risk and global change. This paper aims to demonstrate the need to better consider the role of global environmental change in disaster risk assessment. In 2015, three major new agreements were reached to improve global environmental governance: the new Sendai Framework (2015–2030), the post-2015 development agenda with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Climate COP21 in Paris. These all include a clear focus on disaster risk reduction; however, several aspects of disaster risk linked with global environmental changes are still not clearly addressed by the main stakeholders (governments, insurers, or agencies). As the complexity of risk unfolds, more actors are getting together; the need for a holistic approach for disaster risk reduction has become clear, and is closely connected with achieving sustainable development.

scholarly journals Exploring Connections—Environmental Change, Food Security and Violence as Drivers of Migration—A Critical Review of Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Morales-Muñoz ◽  
Srijna Jha ◽  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Henryk Alff ◽  
Sabine Kurtenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Development Paths

Migration, whether triggered by single events, such as violent conflict, or by long term pressures related to environmental change or food insecurity is altering sustainable development in societies. Although there is a large amount of literature, there is a gap for consolidating frameworks of migration-related to the interaction and correlation between drivers. We review scientific papers and research reports about three categories of drivers: Environmental Change (EC), Food Security (FS), and Violent Conflict (VC). First, we organize the literature to understand the explanations of the three drivers on migration individually, as well as the interactions among each other. Secondly, we analyse the literature produced regarding Colombia, Myanmar, and Tanzania; countries with different combinations of the driving factors for migration. Although we find that many correlations are explained in the literature, migration is mostly driven by structural vulnerabilities and unsustainable development paths in places that have a low resilience capacity to cope with risk. For example, food insecurity, as a product of environmental changes (droughts and floods), is seen as a mediating factor detonating violent conflict and migration in vulnerable populations. The paper contributes to the literature about multi-driven migration, presenting an overview of the way in which different driver combinations trigger migration. This is important for determining the best governance mechanisms and policy responses that tackle forced migration and improve the resilience of vulnerable communities as well as sustainable development.

scholarly journals Taking things public: a contribution to address human dimensions of environmental change

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1498) ◽  
pp. 1903-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diógenes S Alves
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pilot Programme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extractive Reserves

This paper addresses the question of environmental change in Amazônia, by looking at the experiences of the large-scale biosphere–atmosphere (LBA) experiment in the Amazon, and three other enterprises—the extractive reserves, the Pilot Programme to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest (PPG7) and ecological-economic zoning—that address questions of sustainable development in the region. The LBA experience shows how the integration with the social sciences can be critical for science to explore its own outcomes for society, while the other programmes expose environmental change as a problem with too many intersections within society, so the outcomes of any initiative depends on placing it before a complex, tense and wide arena.

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