Is Sino-Africa Bilateral Trade More than Resource Focused? The Rhetoric and the Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-394
Author(s):  
Aye Alemu ◽  
Wenqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract This study uses an augmented dynamic gravity model to identify the main contributing factors influencing bilateral trade between China and 46 African countries in general and to test whether Sino-Africa bilateral trade is more than resource focused in particular. Natural resource was captured by “oil exports” and “ores & metal exports,” and the empirical analysis verifies only “oil” not “ores & metals” to significantly influence the growing Sino-Africa bilateral trade. Thus, the empirical result partially supports the widely held view that natural resources are critical to bilateral trade between China and African countries. However, it is not true that Chinese engagement in Africa is exclusively due to natural resources as always portrayed. Apart from the oil factor, some other significant factors for the growing bilateral trade are identified. The study indicates there is a huge opportunity and potential for rapid expansion of Sino-Africa bilateral trade that is mutually beneficial.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment Flow to Africa: Does Natural Resources Matter？

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Philip Agyei Peprah ◽  
Yao Hongxing ◽  
Alex Boadi Dankyi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

In this study, it explored connections between FDI inflows and natural resource. The paper is an effort to investigate a sample of 10 most resourced sub-Sahara African countries and examine the influence of natural resources on FDI inflow. Further, natural resource wealth is reflected to weaken the FDI inflow. This study discovers if the natural resource overflow affects the FDI inflows. By means of panel data for a sample dated 1990-2017, the paper employed fixed effects method and settles that natural resource slows down FDI inflow of the host nation. The results indicate that economic growth, labor force, trade openness and financial development framework promote FDI inflow in Sub-Sahara Africa countries. The study proposes that FDI inflow to SSA is not only driven by the availability of natural resources in a country but by some exogenous factors, countries with non-existence of natural resources and can obtain FDI by cultivating their bodies and policy environment. Second, multifaceted organizations like the IMF and the World Bank can play a significant role in assisting FDI by encouraging good organisations in SSA.

scholarly journals EVALUATION ON SUMBER SENENG NATURAL PARK, REMBANG AS TOURISM OBJECT USING ADO-ODTWA ANALYSIS

MODUL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Anityas Dian Susanti ◽  
Mutiawati Mandaka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Evaluation Sheet ◽  
Significant Factors

Tourism has proven as economic generator in several local districts in Indonesia. Natural resources have significant factors in accelerating the tourism developments. Sumber seneng in Rembang county is an example of the natural resource based tourism district. However the development of Sumber seneng park is still on going process related to the district potential’s study. ADO-ODTWA (Analisis Daerah Operasi Obyek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam) is an analysis for tourist attraction from Indonesia Forest and Natural Conservation Agency. This research was part of the study to evaluate Sumber seneng park as object tourism case using ADO-ODTWA analysis. This study performed literature study to arrange the evaluation sheet, site observation based on the ADO-ODTWA evaluation’s results as case study. The result of this study shown detail steps to evaluate tourism object using ADO ODTWA and  mentioned that Sumber Seneng Natural Park has potentials to be tourism object and need more development to optimize it. 

scholarly journals Does Terms of Trade Matter for Economic Growth? A Focus on Natural Resource-Rich Sub-Saharan African Countries

Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Nzeh Innocent Chile ◽  
Benedict I Uzoechina ◽  
Millicent Adanne Eze ◽  
Chika P Imoag ◽  
Ozoh Joan Nwamaka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

The contention that deteriorating terms of trade exists in countries that rely heavily on the exploitation and export of natural resources motivated us in this study. We therefore sought to investigate the impact of terms of trade on economic growth in natural resource-rich sub-Saharan African countries. We carried out the study using annual series that span a period of 1990-2019 under the framework of panel Random and Fixed effects. Our findings indicate that a long run relationship exists between GDP and the explanatory variables used in the study. Results also show that, while cross-section random effects indicates that terms of trade positively impacts on GDP, period fixed effects shows that terms of trade negatively impacts on GDP even though it is not significant. Results of our study also show that in all the models, labour force total and FDI have positive impact on GDP, while trade openness impacts on GDP negatively. We therefore recommend that the SSA natural resource-rich countries should diversify their economies away from the traditional natural resources base. Also human capital should be improved through sound education and training, while all the bottlenecks that constrain the inflow of foreign direct investment should be dismantled.

Integration of Human/Social Dimensions into the Traditional European Model of Natural Resource Education and Management

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
James J. Kennedy ◽  
Niels Elers Koch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Western World ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Natural Resource Managers ◽  
Rural Ecosystem ◽  
Professional Roles And Responsibilities

The increasing diversity, complexity and dynamics of ecosystem values and uses over the last 50 years requires new ways for natural resource managers (foresters, wildlife biologists, etc.)to understand and relate to their professional roles and responsibilities in accommodating urban and rural ecosystem users, and managing the complimentary and conflicting interactions between them. Three stages in Western-world natural resources management are identified and analyzed, beginning with the (1) Traditional stage: natural resources first, foremost and forever, to (2) Transitional stage: natural resource management,for better or worse, involves people, to (3) Relationship stage: managing natural resources for valued people and ecosystem relationships. The impacts of these three perspectives on how natural resource managers view and respond to ecosystems,people and other life-forms is basic and can be profound.

Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Meta-Analytic Findings

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110139
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Kaplan ◽  
Theresa T. Kessler ◽  
J. Christopher Brill ◽  
P. A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Shared Context ◽  
Build Systems ◽  
Significant Factors

Objective The present meta-analysis sought to determine significant factors that predict trust in artificial intelligence (AI). Such factors were divided into those relating to (a) the human trustor, (b) the AI trustee, and (c) the shared context of their interaction. Background There are many factors influencing trust in robots, automation, and technology in general, and there have been several meta-analytic attempts to understand the antecedents of trust in these areas. However, no targeted meta-analysis has been performed examining the antecedents of trust in AI. Method Data from 65 articles examined the three predicted categories, as well as the subcategories of human characteristics and abilities, AI performance and attributes, and contextual tasking. Lastly, four common uses for AI (i.e., chatbots, robots, automated vehicles, and nonembodied, plain algorithms) were examined as further potential moderating factors. Results Results showed that all of the examined categories were significant predictors of trust in AI as well as many individual antecedents such as AI reliability and anthropomorphism, among many others. Conclusion Overall, the results of this meta-analysis determined several factors that influence trust, including some that have no bearing on AI performance. Additionally, we highlight the areas where there is currently no empirical research. Application Findings from this analysis will allow designers to build systems that elicit higher or lower levels of trust, as they require.

scholarly journals Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Husam Rjoub ◽  
Chuka Uzoma Ifediora ◽  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Benneth Chiemelie Iloka ◽  
João Xavier Rita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan African countries are known to be bedeviled with some challenges hindering the economic development. Meanwhile, some of these issues have not been exhaustively investigated in the context of the region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of government effectiveness, availability of natural resources, and security threats on the regions’ economic development. Yearly data, spanning from 2007 to 2020, was converted from low frequency (yearly) to high frequency (quarterly) and utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Dynamic heterogeneous panel level estimators (PMG and CS-ARDL). Findings show that while PMG estimator confirms a long-run causal effect of governance, natural resources, and security threats on economic development, only natural resources show a short-run causal effect with economic development, while the CS-ARDL (model 2) confirms the significance of all the variables both in the long and short-run. Moreover, the ECT coefficients for both models were found to be statistically significant at less than 1% significance level, which indicates that the systems return back to equilibrium in case of a shock that causes disequilibrium, and in addition, reveals a stable long-run cointegration among the variables in the model. Finally, this study suggests that the policy makers in SSA countries should place more emphasis on improving governance, managing security challenges, and effectively utilizing rents from the natural resources, as all these have severe implications for the economic development of the region if not addressed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Secondary Traumatic Stress of Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6843
Author(s):  
Mee Sun Lee ◽  
Sujin Shin ◽  
Eunmin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Affect Patient Care ◽  
Significant Factors

The secondary traumatic stress (STS) of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients is expected to be high, and it can adversely affect patient care. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of STS of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, and we identified various factors that influence STS. This study followed a descriptive design. The data of 136 nurses who had provided direct care to COVID-19 patients from 5 September to 26 September 2020 were collected online. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing STS. Participants experienced moderate levels of STS. The regression model of Model 1 was statistically significant (F = 6.21, p < 0.001), and the significant factors influencing STS were the duration of care for patients with COVID-19 for more than 30 days (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) and working in an undesignated COVID-19 hospital (β = 0.21, p = 0.038). In Model 2, the factor influencing STS was the support of a friend in the category of social support (β = −0.21, p = 0.039). The nurses caring for COVID-19 patients are experiencing a persistent and moderate level of STS. This study can be used as basic data to treat and prevent STS.

scholarly journals Individual Condensation Trails in Aircraft Trajectory Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Rosenow ◽  
Hartmut Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Trajectory Optimization ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Aircraft Trajectory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Arbitrary Trajectory ◽  
Significant Factors

Contrails are one of the driving contributors to global warming, induced by aviation. The quantification of the impact of contrails on global warming is nontrivial and requires further in-depth investigation. In detail, condensation trails might even change the algebraic sign between a cooling and a warming effect in an order of magnitude, which is comparable to the impact of aviation-emitted carbon dioxides and nitrogen oxides. This implies the necessity to granularly consider the environmental impact of condensation trails in single-trajectory optimization tools. The intent of this study is the elaboration of all significant factors influencing on the net effect of single condensation trails. Possible simplifications will be proposed for a consideration in single-trajectory optimization tools. Finally, the effects of the most important impact factors, such as latitude, time of the year, and time of the day, wind shear, and atmospheric turbulence as well as their consideration in a multi-criteria trajectory optimization tool are exemplified. The results can be used for an arbitrary trajectory optimization tool with environmental optimization intents.

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