Does Terrorism Scare Tourism Away from South Asia and Africa?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-392
Author(s):  
Bilal Mehmood ◽  
Saddam Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Aleem
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Almost All

Abstract During times when terrorism is eroding almost all industries of victim economies, tourism industry is thought to be much prone to it. This paper investigates the long run relationship between terrorism and tourism for South Asian and African countries separately, allowing us to compare the results of the two regions. Long run relationship is analyzed via dynamic panel techniques (PMG, MG and DFE) on data for 22 African and 6 South Asian countries from 1991 to 2013. These panel cointegration techniques quantify the long-run relationship between terrorism and tourism. Terrorism has been found detrimental for tourism industry both in Africa and South Asia. Empirical findings affirm that terrorism has a long-run negative impact on tourism in both regions. Recommendations, on the basis of findings are proposed at the end.

Remittances-inflation nexus in South Asia: an empirical examination

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hem C. Basnet ◽  
Ficawoyi Donou-Adonsou ◽  
Kamal Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether remittances induce inflation in South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach This study uses panel cointegration and Pooled Mean Group techniques covering from 1975 to 2017 to estimate the long-run and the short-run effect of remittances on inflation. Findings The estimated results suggest that the inflationary impact of remittances in South Asia depends on the time length. The inflow tends to lower inflation in the short run, whereas it increases in the long run. The findings highlight the regional peculiarity in the impact of remittances on the price level. The results are statistically significant and are confirmed by the Mean Group estimation as well. Originality/value Most past studies investigating the nexus between remittances and inflation in the South Asian context examine either these countries individually or include them all in a pool of big cross-sections. This study contributes to the literature by addressing this void. The South Asian countries should not generalize the earlier findings on the link between remittance inflows and inflation, as the short-run effect is different from the long run. Thus, these countries would be better off designing long-run policies that are different from the short run.

scholarly journals Panel Cointegration and Pooled Mean Group Estimations of Energy-Output Dynamics in South Asia

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Das ◽  
Muhammad Akhtaruzzaman .
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cointegration Tests

This study employs the panel cointegration and pooled mean group (PMG) techniques to examine the long run relationships between energy consumption and GDP for 5 South Asian countries from 1981 to 2009. Unit root and panel cointegration tests find a long run relationship between energy consumption and GDP after allowing for country-specific effect. Furthermore, we use the PMG technique to identify the magnitude of this relationship. Our results are consistent with the theory that suggests a role of energy use in GDP. On average, a 1% increase in energy consumption leads to a 0.61% increase in the long run GDP in South Asia from 1981 to 2009. Hence, it is apparent that energy is an important component to maintain the economic activities in these countries. These results have important implications for policy makers of South Asian countries which have experienced magnificent growth performance along with a sharp rise in consumption demand for energy in last few decades.

Gender

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Sheela Jeyaraj ◽  
Evangeline Anderson-Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Central Asian Republics

Gender issues in South and Central Asia involve discriminations in the socio-cultural, political and economic realms. Despite policy initiatives, gender equality is still not available for most women. The condition of Central Asian women is less favourable than that of their counterparts in South Asia. Still, in South Asian countries where certain Hindu or Buddhist fundamentalist norms prevail, the position of women continues to be deplorable. Discrimination of women is justified in Sanskrit scriptures, which do not contain a coherent narrative of the creation of women. Likewise, the scriptures of Jainism and Buddhism present women as inferior to men. The status of Christian women in certain South Asian countries is better than that of their Central Asian republics. The patriarchal societies of South and Central Asia do not educate a sufficient number of women in theology. Today, almost all female Christian theologians in South Asia engage with the pathos of the exploited. Reversal of gender roles among diaspora communities have caused conflicts in the home and in public. Despite their struggles, Christian women in South and Central Asia continue their witness to God’s grace in Christ sustaining them.

The relationship between foreign aid and corruption: a case of selected Asian countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-704
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Amna Sohail ◽  
Chin Hong Puah
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of foreign aid (FA) on corruption in selected Asian countries (Pakistan, India, Srilanka and Bangladesh) using the panel data from 2000 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach The author used Levin-Lin-Chu and Im-Pesaran-Shin panel unit root tests to check the stationary properties of the variables. The Pedroni’s and Kao panel cointegration approach was applied to analyze the variable’s long-run relationship. The author used panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) framework to estimate the coefficients of cointegrating vectors. Additionally, the panel granger causality test was performed to check the causal relationship between the variables. Findings The results from PDOLS and FMOLS indicate that FA has a significant negative impact on the level of corruption. This infers that the foreign assistance decrease the level of corruption perception index, hence, more corruption in the country. Originality/value Overall, the study fulfills the need to understand the aid-corruption nexus, particularly in the case of the Asian region.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Growth and Employment in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Manzoor ◽  
Longbao Wei ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Muhammad Zia ul Haq ◽  
Hafiz ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Impact

In the global economy, tourism is one of the most noticeable and growing sectors. Thissector plays an important role in boosting a nation’s economy. An increase in tourism flow canbring positive economic outcomes to the nations, especially in gross domestic product (GDP) andemployment opportunities. In South Asian countries, the tourism industry is an engine ofeconomic development and GDP growth. This study investigates the impact of tourism onPakistan’s economic growth and employment. The period under study was from 1990 to 2015. Tocheck whether the variables under study were stationary, augmented Dickey–Fuller andPhillips–Perron unit root tests were applied. A regression technique and Johansen cointegrationapproach were employed for the analysis of data. The key finding of this study shows that there isa positive and significant impact of tourism on Pakistan’s economic growth as well as employmentsector and there is also a long‐run relationship among the variables under study. This studysuggests that legislators should focus on the policies with special emphasis on the promotion oftourism due to its great potential throughout the country. Policy implications of this recent studyand future research suggestions are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Public Consumption and Income in the Long Run: A Panel Data Study for Central African Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Impawe Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Public Consumption

This article examines panel cointegration methods to study the long-run effect of public consumption on the real output of 10 Central African economies (ECCAS: CEMAC + 4) from 1990 to 2016. We integrate the investment in cointegration regression and take into account the transverse dependence in a panel data parameter. The results indicate on average that public consumption expenditure has a negative impact on long-term real GDP. Conversely, investment has a positive effect on income. Overall, the results show that a decrease in public consumption in the fiscal adjustment process has no effect on the growth of these economies.

Does inward remittance lead to export performance in South Asian countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Jena ◽  
Narayan Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether inward remittance leads to export performance in selected South Asian economies over the time period of 1993–2017. Design/methodology/approach The stationarity of the variables is checked by Levin, Lin and Chu t, Breitung t-stat., Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat., ADF–Fisher and Philips–Perron–Fisher panel unit root tests. Panel Granger Causality is used to verify the short-run causality. Pedroni’s, Kao’s and Johansen–Fisher panel cointegration approaches are employed to examine the long-run relationship among the variables. Panel VECM is used to confirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Findings Panels FMOLS and DOLS show that remittance inflows have negatively impacted the export performance of the selected South Asian countries during the study period. Granger Causality and VECM test confirm the existence of short-run and long-run relationship among the variables. The authors conclude that inward remittance is affecting export performance negatively during the study period. Furthermore, inward remittances occupy a major source of development finance for selected South Asian countries. Originality/value The study uses a dynamic macroeconomic modeling framework to assess the inward remittance on export performance in South Asian countries. Taking into account the diversity of the level of growth experienced by the five countries in the Asian region, the study uses an appropriate regression technique, i.e. panel dynamic OLS whose results are robust. As exports are a proven way to further economic growth, this study fills a vital gap in the literature by ascertaining the degree of impact of remittances in influencing outbound exports from the South Asian region.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effect of Institutional Quality on the Financial Development and Environmental Quality Nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3805
Author(s):  
Ahmed Imran Hunjra ◽  
Tahar Tayachi ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Chani ◽  
Peter Verhoeven ◽  
Asad Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Moderating Role

Environmental sustainability is a major concern of contemporary societies, businesses, and governments. However, there is a lack of knowledge as to how countries can achieve the goal to end poverty, whilst protecting the planet. It is the objective of our study to examine the moderating role of institutional quality on the financial development and environmental quality nexus in South Asia. Our sample consists of panel data of five South Asian countries (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Pakistan) from 1984 to 2018. We find that financial development increases CO2 emissions in this region, implying that countries in South Asia have utilized financial development for capitalization, instead of improving production technology. Institutional quality moderates the negative impact of financial development on environmental sustainability. An implication of our findings is that efforts to improve institutional quality may help to promote sustainable development in South Asia.

scholarly journals Does Globalisation Influence Employment? Empirical Investigation on Individual as well as Panel of South Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-34
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Kamal Ray
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Individual

Debate on globalisation versus protectionism was relevant in long back, though prevailing consensus construing protectionism saves job in the short run and slows economic growth in the long run. The objective of the study is to examine empirically whether globalisation affects overall employment generation in the South Asian countries during the period 1991–2016 in individual as well as panel of countries. Having no long-run associations in the majority of the countries, results support that the change in globalisation index makes a cause to change in employment only for Bhutan, while change of growth rate of employment makes a cause to change in the rate of globalisation for Maldives and Nepal. Further, the dynamic panel study fails to establish any long-run relationships between globalisation and employment of the countries of the region. However, in the short run, globalisation makes a cause to employment in the panel format, which is highly unlikely to happen in case of the individual countries. Thus, extent of globalisation and employment generation in the South Asian countries do not have strong inter relationships.

scholarly journals Is External Debt a Boon or a Curse? Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD REEHAN HAMEED ◽  
MAJID ALI ◽  
HAFSAH BATOOL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Short Run

Over the years, the South Asian countries were facing the dilemma of twin’s deficits because they had failed to generate sufficient revenues to finance their budget. Consequently, they were continuously relying on both domestic and external debt to bridge these deficits which had put a severe implication on their economic growth. Their financial position continued to deteriorate and undermined all the efforts of the governments made to stimulate economic growth. The governments in these countries failed to generate enough revenues through internal sources. Therefore, the deficits were normally fiancé through external sources. The paper examined whether the external debt was a blessing or course to the economic growth of South Asian countries i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. For this purpose 30 years of panel data of these countries from 1990 to 2019 had been taken. Fixed effect model and Panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Approach had been applied to examine the short-run and long-run association among the variables. The natural log of GDP per capita was used as a proxy for economic growth. The other variables were external debt, initial GDP, foreign direct investment, trade openness, investment, and secondary school investment rate. The outcomes of the study indicated that that external debt had a negative impact on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. This revealed that external debt had not been utilized effectively and productively. The study suggested that effort would be made to manage the external debt and reduced the twin's deficits to minimize the harmful impact of external debt on the economy. Keywords: South Asian, External Debt, ARDL, Fixed Effect Model, Economic Growth.

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