A Temperature-dependent Current Model for Phemt on Gaas

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
R. M. Xu ◽  
Y. C. Guo ◽  
B. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Temperature Dependent

Voltage- and temperature-dependent gate capacitance and current model: application to ZrO/sub 2/ n-channel MOS capacitor

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1969-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Yu Fan ◽  
R.E. Nieh ◽  
J.C. Lee ◽  
G. Lucovsky ◽  
G.A. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Model Application ◽  
Mos Capacitor ◽  
Gate Capacitance

Energy Considerations in the Spreading of LNG on Sea Water

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Subramani ◽  
S. Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Models

The spreading of an accidental spill of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) on sea water has been studied for many years and several theoretical models have been proposed and successfully used. Many modeling techniques have been used by researchers for the spreading of LNG. However, most of these neglect the heat transfer aspects related to the spreading, and the effect of temperature dependent properties such as density, thermal conductivity and specific heat of LNG is not included in the analysis. In the present study, this situation is redressed by including the depth-averaged energy equation in a one-dimensional model of the spreading of LNG on sea water. The thermophysical and transport properties of the fluid are made temperature-dependent and heat transfer to the pool from the water below and the flame above are included. The resulting set of coupled one-dimensional mass, radial momentum and energy balance equations are solved numerically using an explicit, second order-accurate finite difference method-based discretization of the governing equations. Results obtained in the present study show that the incorporation of the variable properties gives significantly improved predictions over conventional models. The predicted results are compared with the experimental results of Raj et al [1], and with a conventional, constant-properties model of Fay [2] for the test case #12. Excellent agreement is found between the current model predictions and the experimental data while the conventional model overpredicts the pool diameter for longer times. It is demonstrated that the present approach is inherently capable of distinguishing between the spreading of different LNG mixtures, and can therefore be readily extended to the analysis of the accidental spill of any other hazardous substance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacillus anthracis Germinant Receptors In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (23) ◽  
pp. 8055-8062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Fisher ◽  
Philip Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Insertion Mutagenesis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Dormant Cell ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Infectious Cycle ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis begins its infectious cycle as a metabolically dormant cell type, the endospore. Upon entry into a host, endospores rapidly differentiate into vegetative bacilli through the process of germination, thus initiating anthrax. Elucidation of the signals that trigger germination and the receptors that recognize them is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of B. anthracis. Individual mutants deficient in each of the seven putative germinant receptor-encoding loci were constructed via temperature-dependent, plasmid insertion mutagenesis and used to correlate these receptors with known germinant molecules. These analyses showed that the GerK and GerL receptors are jointly required for the alanine germination pathway and also are individually required for recognition of either proline and methionine (GerK) or serine and valine (GerL) as cogerminants in combination with inosine. The germinant specificity of GerS was refined from a previous study in a nonisogenic background since it was required only for germination in response to aromatic amino acid cogerminants. The gerA and gerY loci were found to be dispensable for recognition of all known germinant molecules. In addition, we show that the promoter of each putative germinant receptor operon, except that of the gerA locus, is active during sporulation. A current model of B. anthracis endospore germination is presented.

Charge-Sensitivity-Oriented Analysis of Quantum Point Contact Sensor Based on the Landauer's Formula

2013 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Ting Lan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Quantum Point Contact ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Contact Sensor ◽  
Quantum Point

The effect of temperature is introduced to Büttiker transmission coefficient formula, and combined with current model and noise model in Landauers picture, temperature-dependent conductance and noise could be estimated. The expression of intrinsic sensitivity is approved, which is proportional to the square root of noise, and capacitance electrostatically coupled with environment, and inversely proportional to differential transconductance. In terms of the capacitance range of QPC, the intrinsic sensitivity is estimated, and it is clear that the present QPC charge sensor still has space to improve sensitivity.

(111) Monocrystalline Nickel Films

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
T.E. Pratt ◽  
R.W. Vook
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

(111) oriented thin monocrystalline Ni films have been prepared by vacuum evaporation and examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. In high vacuum, at room temperature, a layer of NaCl was first evaporated onto a freshly air-cleaved muscovite substrate clamped to a copper block with attached heater and thermocouple. Then, at various substrate temperatures, with other parameters held within a narrow range, Ni was evaporated from a tungsten filament. It had been shown previously that similar procedures would yield monocrystalline films of CU, Ag, and Au.For the films examined with respect to temperature dependent effects, typical deposition parameters were: Ni film thickness, 500-800 A; Ni deposition rate, 10 A/sec.; residual pressure, 10-6 torr; NaCl film thickness, 250 A; and NaCl deposition rate, 10 A/sec. Some additional evaporations involved higher deposition rates and lower film thicknesses.Monocrystalline films were obtained with substrate temperatures above 500° C. Below 450° C, the films were polycrystalline with a strong (111) preferred orientation.

Early ossicle growth in the regenerating disc of a brittle star

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
R. L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Limited Volume ◽  
Tissue Calcification

Calcification in the echinoderms occurs within a limited-volume cavity enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions of the mineral depositing cells, the sclerocytes. The current model of this process maintains that the sheath formed from these cytoplasmic extensions is syncytial. Prior studies indicate that syncytium formation might be dependent on sclerocyte density and not required for calcification. This model further envisions that ossicles formed de novo nucleate and grow intracellularly until the ossicle effectively outgrows the vacuole. Continued ossicle growth occurs within the sheath but external to the cell membrane. The initial intracellular location has been confirmed only for elements of the echinoid tooth.The regenerating aboral disc integument of ophiophragmus filograneus was used to test the current echinoderm calcification model. This tissue is free of calcite fragments, thus avoiding questions of cellular engulfment, and ossicles are formed de novo. The tissue calcification pattern was followed by light microscopy in both living and fixed preparations.

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