Better Muslim or Jew? The Controversy Around Conversion across Minorities in Fifteenth-Century Castile

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Echevarría
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Muslim Woman ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Christian Society

Abstract This article presents the Responsio in quaestione de muliere sarracena transeunte ad statum et ritum iudaicum (1451) by Alonso Fernández de Madrigal, “El Tostado” (1410–55), as a rich source for the study of conversion across minority groups. A trial conducted before the archbishop of Toledo concerning a Muslim woman turned Jew by her lover in Talavera de la Reina (Spain) caused a scandal in Christian society. As one of the most outstanding legal scholars at the University of Salamanca, Madrigal established the right of the archbishop of Toledo to judge an issue involving the two minorities and decided in favor of the woman returning to her faith of origin, instead of imposing the death penalty. While conversion superseded issues of illicit sexual relations, gender acted as a mitigating circumstance. This article will also consider how the three communities contributed to the survival of “cohabitation,” defined by Madrigal as social peace, and the preservation of the status of the different religions living together in Castile.

scholarly journals Giving Oral Expression “Free Rein”: Implications for Diversity of University Hate Speech Code

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Tim A. Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville ◽  
Speech Code ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Oral Expression ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

This paper uses history, law, and First Amendment theory to examine the concepts of political correctness, free speech, and hate speech in a search for a solution of how best to deal with hate speech incidents that occur in the university campus community. The paper notes the American tendency toward tyranny of the majority as noted by Alexis de Tocqueville in the 1830s and then proceeds to examine the double-edged sword of free speech. By guaranteeing freedom of speech we promote the right to shout down ethnic and other minority groups; by providing penalties against those who use it to shout others down we make society less free. This paper suggests a different answer: promote more speech expressed in community meetings conducted in an atmosphere that is safe and encouraging for all to express their views.

Awareness, Self, and the Experience of Dementia

2015 ◽  
pp. 132-158
Author(s):  
Gill Toms ◽  
Catherine Lawrence ◽  
Linda Clare
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

It is now widely acknowledged in policy and practice that the individual with dementia retains the status of a person and the essence of selfhood, has the right to be heard, and has the capacity to live well with the disabilities that dementia brings, given appropriate support. Nevertheless, negative assumptions about dementia as a ‘loss of self' and a ‘living death' remain influential. This chapter examines research evidence that can provide a foundation for a psychologically minded approach to dementia care and help to create a more constructive view of what it means to live with dementia. In this chapter findings are drawn from projects conducted by the Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH) group at Bangor University, UK on awareness, self-concept, identity and the experience of dementia for people across the dementia trajectory. The REACH group is now at the University of Exeter, UK.

The Status of Women in the Novels of Najib Al-Kilani (Based on Two Novels of Jakarta's Virgin and The Man Who Believed

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Ahmad Lamei Giv ◽  
Marziye Mohaghegh Nia
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Muslim Woman ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contemporary Writers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Status Of Women

Committed and contemporary Egyptian writer, Najib al-Kilani, is considered as a leader in Islamic literature in the Arab world due to the multitude of writings. Islam and promotion of Islamic principles is a major concern in most of his works. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article tries to investigate the status of women in his novel’ Jakarta’s Virgin and The Man Who Believed. The findings suggest that Kilani, unlike its predecessors and even his contemporary writers, has not described the superficial and banal aspect of women, nut he has tried to promote true status appointed for a Muslim woman. Najib’s novels are taken from the real facts of his time. For him, women have the ability to participate in all social, economic areas by maintaining the moral values and standards of Islam as well as men. Kilani has also given women the right to select their own husbands; he insists much on the presence of common moral, cultural and religious points among couples to survive and continue sharing life.

The Pattern of Discrimination

1996 ◽  
pp. 166-194
Author(s):  
Ariel Toaff
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Medieval Italy ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The One ◽  
General Relations ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Legislative Measures ◽  
Christian Society

This chapter discusses Jewish–Christian relations in late medieval Italy. The daily business and general relations between Jews and the non-itinerant clergy in Umbrian communes in the late Middle Ages were close and constant. However, from the fifteenth century onwards, in the communes of Umbria as elsewhere in Italy, there was a proliferation of legislative measures obliging Jews to wear something that would distinguish them from Christians. The imposition of the so-called ‘badge for Jews’ was justified by the hope that it would discourage sexual relations between infidels and Christians. The chapter then looks at the discrimination against the Jews during the triduum of the Christian Holy Week, particularly the holy sassaiola, the fight with stones. Towards the middle of the sixteenth century, the fate of the Jews became one with that of the gypsies. Ghettoization and segregation on the one hand, and expulsion on the other, were simply two sides of the same coin with which Christian society, now closed and homogeneous, hoped to deal with minority groups.

scholarly journals THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, NATIONAL- ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS AND THE CREATION OF STATES: THE POST–COLONIAL NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
EMMANUEL OBIKWU
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constructive Criticism ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Groups

Critics will retort that there are well over 400 ethno-linguistic groups in Nigeria and each of them cannot have their own state! This is acknowledged and is not an altogether unfounded claim. It, however, underestimates inter-communal and interethnic relations which in Nigeria is generally cordial. Several states in the country are strictly speaking not entirely homogenous ethnically but are composed of several minority groups living together in harmony. Furthermore, there are criteria which ethnic groups agitating for states within Nigeria must meet. Political negotiations, rallies, campaigns and the like all play a part in the realization of the legitimate aspirations of ethnic minorities within a constitutional democracy. Undoubtedly, the operation of Federal Republican Constitution and the creation of states continues to attract constructive criticism. Thus, it has been argued against Nigeria’s Presidential Federalism that this type of republican constitutionalism continues to sustain and perpetuate the status of the predominant tribes more powerfully than would have occurred in a unitary system.

scholarly journals THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, NATIONAL- ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS AND THE CREATION OF STATES: THE POST–COLONIAL NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obikwu
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constructive Criticism ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Groups

Critics will retort that there are well over 400 ethno-linguistic groups in Nigeria and each of them cannot have their own state!  This is acknowledged and is not an altogether unfounded claim. It, however, underestimates inter-communal and inter-ethnic relations which in Nigeria is generally cordial. Several states in the country are strictly speaking not entirely homogenous ethnically but are composed of several minority groups living together in harmony. Furthermore, there are criteria which ethnic groups agitating for states within Nigeria must meet. Political negotiations, rallies, campaigns and the like all play a part in the realization of the legitimate aspirations of ethnic minorities within a constitutional democracy. Undoubtedly, the operation of Federal Republican Constitution and the creation of states continues to attract constructive criticism. Thus, it has been argued against Nigeria’s Presidential Federalism that this type of republican constitutionalism continues to sustain and perpetuate the status of the predominant tribes more powerfully than would have occurred in a unitary system. Abstrak: Para kritikus akan membantah bahwa ada lebih dari 400 kelompok etnolinguistik di Nigeria, dan masing-masing kelompok tidak dapat memiliki negara sendiri! Klaim ini diakui dan bukan tidak berdasar sama sekali. Namun, klaim ini meremehkan hubungan antar komunal dan antar etnis yang umumnya terjadi di Nigeria. Beberapa negara bagian di Nigeria tidak sepenuhnya homogen secara etnis, melainkan terdiri dari beberapa kelompok minoritas yang hidup bersama secara harmonis. Selain itu, ada kriteria yang harus dipenuhi oleh kelompok etnis yang mengacaukan negara bagian di Nigeria. Negosiasi politik, aksi unjuk rasa, kampanye, dan sejenisnya berperan merealisasikan aspirasi yang sah dari etnis minoritas dalam demokrasi konstitusional. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa operasi Konstitusi Republik Federal dan pembentukan negara bagian terus mengundang kritik yang konstruktif. Dengan demikian, bertentangan dengan Federalisme Presidensial Nigeria, jenis konstitusionalisme republikan ini akan lebih mempertahankan dan melestarikan status suku-suku dominan daripada sistem kesatuan. Kata kunci: Konstitusi Federal, Kelompok Etnis Minoritas, Paska kolonial  

Low temperature x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated tobacco leaves

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
S. Edith Taylor ◽  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
May McKoon ◽  
Thomas L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
The University

Low temperature x-ray microanalysis (LTXM) of solid biological materials has been documented for Lemna minor L. root tips. This discussion will be limited to a demonstration of LTXM for measuring relative elemental distributions of P,S,Cl and K species within whole cells of tobacco leaves.Mature Wisconsin-38 tobacco was grown in the greenhouse at the University of California, Berkeley and picked daily from the mid-stalk position (leaf #9). The tissue was excised from the right of the mid rib and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen slush. It was then placed into an Amray biochamber and maintained at 103K. Fracture faces of the tissue were prepared and carbon-coated in the biochamber. The prepared sample was transferred from the biochamber to the Amray 1000A SEM equipped with a cold stage to maintain low temperatures at 103K. Analyses were performed using a tungsten source with accelerating voltages of 17.5 to 20 KV and beam currents from 1-2nA.

The right to life: A comparative analysis of the relevant norms of the Constitutions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.

A Tracer Study of ICT Graduate Students at Mzuzu University, Malawi

Mousaion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimango Nyasulu ◽  
Winner Chawinga ◽  
George Chipeta
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
First Century ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Governments the world over are increasingly challenging universities to produce human resources with the right skills sets and knowledge required to drive their economies in this twenty-first century. It therefore becomes important for universities to produce graduates that bring tangible and meaningful contributions to the economies. Graduate tracer studies are hailed to be one of the ways in which universities can respond and reposition themselves to the actual needs of the industry. It is against this background that this study was conducted to establish the relevance of the Department of Information and Communication Technology at Mzuzu University to the Malawian economy by systematically investigating occupations of its former students after graduating from the University. The study adopted a quantitative design by distributing an online-based questionnaire with predominantly closed-ended questions. The study focused on three key objectives: to identify key employing sectors of ICT graduates, to gauge the relevance of the ICT programme to its former students’ jobs and businesses, and to establish the level of satisfaction of the ICT curriculum from the perspectives of former ICT graduates. The key findings from the study are that the ICT programme is relevant to the industry. However, some respondents were of the view that the curriculum should be strengthened by revising it through an addition of courses such as Mobile Application Development, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Data Mining, and LINUX Administration to keep abreast with the ever-changing ICT trends and job requirements. The study strongly recommends the need for regular reviews of the curriculum so that it is continually responding to and matches the needs of the industry.

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