Immune response of Alabama argillacea (Hubner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) treated with formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Andresa Cristina Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ◽  
Herbert Álvaro Abreu de Siqueira ◽  
Thiago José de Souza Alves ◽  
Lílian Maria da Solidade Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Alabama Argillacea ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Cellular Immune

The use of Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a breakthrough in the cultivation of transgenic Bt plants because of its high specificity and safety for the environment. However, a serious threat to the sustainability of this technology is the potential for insect populations to develop resistance to Bt toxins. It is important to understand the pathogen-insect interactions to extend the usefulness of products based on B. thuringiensis. Recent studies reported evidence of a tolerance mechanism associated with the immune response. Because of the importance of Alabama argillacea (Hubner, 1818) as a cotton pest, this research assessed its immunological alterations (cellular and humoral) when challenged with formulations of B. thuringiensis var. aizawai and B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. The results suggest that the fourth instar larvae of A. argillacea do not have the potential to develop natural immune tolerance to the formulations based on B. thuringiensis. Dipel® led to a quantitative variation in all cell types, while XenTari® changed prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes and oenocytoids. In insects treated with Dipel® there was no increase in the level of nitric oxide. These differences in response to treatments can be attributed to differences in the composition of the insecticides tested. The results indicate that the insecticide Dipel® caused significant changes in cellular and humoral immune system of fourth instar larvae of A. argillacea, while XenTari® caused only changes in the cellular immune system, furthermore Dipel® was faster to cause the cellular changes mentioned.

scholarly journals Preclinical studies of immunogenity, protectivity, and safety of the combined vector vaccine for prevention of the middle east respiratory syndrome

Acta Naturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Inna V. Dolzhikova ◽  
D. M. Grousova ◽  
O. V. Zubkova ◽  
A. I. Tukhvatulin ◽  
A. V. Kovyrshina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an acute inflammatory disease of the respiratory system caused by the MERS-CoV coronavirus. The mortality rate for MERS is about 34.5%. Due to its high mortality rate, the lack of therapeutic and prophylactic agents, and the continuing threat of the spread of MERS beyond its current confines, developing a vaccine is a pressing task, because vaccination would help limit the spread of MERS and reduce its death toll. We have developed a combined vector vaccine for the prevention of MERS based on recombinant human adenovirus serotypes 26 and 5. Studies of its immunogenicity have shown that vaccination of animals (mice and primates) induces a robust humoral immune response that lasts for at least six months. Studies of the cellular immune response in mice after vaccination showed the emergence of a specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response. A study of the vaccine protectivity conducted in a model of transgenic mice carrying the human DPP4 receptor gene showed that our vaccination protected 100% of the animals from the lethal infection caused by the MERS-CoV virus (MERS-CoV EMC/2012, 100LD50 per mouse). Studies of the safety and tolerability of the developed vaccine in rodents, rabbits, and primates showed a good safety profile and tolerance in animals; they revealed no contraindications for clinical testing.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACILLUS OF CALMETTE-GUÉRIN, AVRIDINE AND Propionibacterium acnes AS IMMUNOMODULATORS ON RABIES IN MICE

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MEGID ◽  
M.T.S. PERAÇOLI ◽  
P.R. CURI ◽  
C.R. ZANETTI ◽  
W.H. CABRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> (IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font>) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> concentration and MIF response.

scholarly journals The expression of an intraspecific aggressive reaction in the face of a stressor agent alters the immune response in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Barreto-Medeiros ◽  
E. G. Feitoza ◽  
K. Magalhães ◽  
R. R. da Silva ◽  
F. M. Manhães-de-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Aggressive Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intraspecific Aggressiveness ◽  
Specific Humoral Response

The repercussion on the immune response of the expression of intraspecific aggressiveness in the face of a stressor agent was investigated in rats. Ninety-day-old animals were divided into three groups: the control group (only immunological measurements were performed), the foot-shock (FS) (animals individually receiving FS), and the intraspecific aggressive response (IAR) group (animals receiving FS and presenting IAR). For immunological measurements, blood samples were collected promptly at 7 and 15 days after FS or IAR. The FS reduced the total leukocyte amount presented. However, aggressiveness triggered not only reduction of the leukocytes, but also lymphocyte decrease and neutrophil increase. Moreover, an elevation in total leukocytes associated with an increase in the humoral immune response was also observed one week after IAR. In this study, the expression of intraspecific aggressiveness in the face of a stressor seemed to activate the immune system and to potentiate the antigen specific humoral response.

scholarly journals Vaccination of Mice with a Novel Trypsin from Trichinella spiralis Elicits the Immune Protection against Larval Challenge

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Yan Yan Song ◽  
Shao Rong Long ◽  
Ruo Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Meat Safety ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
Cellular Immune

Trichinella spiralis is a major foodborne parasite and has a serious threat to meat safety. Development of anti-Trichinella vaccines is prospective to eliminate Trichinella infection in food animal. The aim of this study was to assess the biological properties of a novel T. spiralis trypsin (TsT) and its elicited immune protection against larval challenge. The cDNA sequence of TsT gene was cloned and expressed. Western blotting showed rTsT was identified by infection serum and anti-TsT serum. RT-PCR results revealed that TsT gene was transcribed at diverse T. spiralis lifecycle stages. The IIFT results showed that natural TsT was principally expressed at epicuticle of 5-6 day adult worms, indicating that TsT is a worm somatic antigen and adult-stage specific surface antigen. Vaccination of mice with rTsT triggered an evident humoral immune response (high levels of serum IgG, IgG1/IgG2a, and enteral sIgA), and it also induced the systemic and enteral local cellular immune response, demonstrated by an significantly elevation of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4. The mice vaccinated with rTsT exhibited a 33.17% reduction of enteral adult worms and a 37.80% reduction of muscle larvae after larval challenge. The results showed that TsT might be considered as a candidate target antigen for anti-T. spiralis vaccines.

Elevated Normal Immunoglobulins and Stable M-Protein Levels in Multiple Myeloma Patients on Erythropoietin Treatment.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4747-4747
Author(s):  
Noa Gadassi ◽  
Sari Prutchi Sagiv ◽  
Howard S. Oster ◽  
Drorit Newmann ◽  
Moshe Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Erythropoietin Treatment ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a well-known treatment for anemia in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. We have previously reported that rHuEPO treatment was associated with prolonged survival of several patients suffering from advanced disease (Mittelman et al., 1997). Recently we have demonstrated that treatment of MM patients with rHuEPO is associated with significant improvements of certain immunological parameters and functions (Prutchi-Sagiv et al., 2006), mainly related to the cellular compartment. The objective of the present retrospective study was to determine whether rHuEPO treatment, in addition to its effects on the cellular immune compartment, also modulates the humoral arm of the immune system in MM patients. Medical charts of eighteen consecutive IgG and IgA MM patients were analyzed and the levels of normal immunoglobulins (Ig) and M-protein before and during rHuEPO treatment were recorded. We have found a significant increase in the levels of normal Ig (IgG, IgA and IgM) in response to rHuEPO, during the 3–9 months fromtreatment initiation. Importantly, the levels of M-protein remained stable for a period of 10–12 months from treatment initiation. These results are in line with previous studies, including our study in murine models (Katz et al., 2007), demonstrating that EPO improves humoral immune responses. The current study highlights the concept that EPO’s immunomodulatory actions on MM patients might also involve the humoral compartment of the immune system.

scholarly journals Pathological changes inducing by S.aureus in immunodeficiency mice immunized with Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
H. H. K. AL-Byattee
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Cellular Immune

In order to determine the influence of Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)on S.aureus infection in Mitomicin c immunosupression mice, seventy four white mice, both sex,7-8 weeks age were divided randomly into five groups.1st group(n=16 ) was immunized with 0.4ml of S.aureus CFSAgs (concentration of protein( 4.2mg/ml) ,i/p two doses, 2 weeks intervals. 2nd group(n=16) was injected with mitomycine C ,(1mg/kg B.W) I/p three time /week for 4 weeks. 3ed group (n=16) was immunized with CFSAgs as 1st group and treated with mitomycin as 2nd group. 4th group(n=10) was inoculated with (0.4ml) I/P with1X109 CFU/ML of viable virulent. S.aureus and was served as control positive group. 5th group (n=16) was inoculated with 0.5ml sterile normal saline. Cellular and humoral immune response were recorded at 28-30 day post immunization, skin test and passive heam agglutination test respectively, then all animals of immunized and treatment groups were challenge with S,aureus as control positive group. The results explained that animals treatment with MMC were died during (18) hrs post inoculation with virulent viable S.aureus with very heavy bacterial isolation, animal of control positive group were died at( 24)hrs post infection with heavy bacterial isolation The results revealed that immunization with CFSAgs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, the level values of both arms of immune response were lower animal treatment with MMC, Severe pathological lesions were seen in examined organs of control positive group but these lesions are more extensive in animal treatment with MMC. The main lesions in examined organs of these animals are suppurative inflammation ,congestion ,apoptosis and necrosis.. We conclusion that MMC induce immunosuppression condition and immunization with CFSAgs can improve the immune responses in the animals that are suffering from immunosuppression.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF BRUCELLIN ALGERIC SKIN TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Velić ◽  
Toni Eterović ◽  
Silvio Špičić ◽  
Željko Cvetnić ◽  
Amina Hrković Porobija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Allergic Skin

Infection with Brucella results in the induction of both humoral andcellular immune responses. Humoral immune resposne is based on monitoringthe occurrence of specific antibodies against smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS)of Brucella. However, in cattle, classical serological methods can detect antigenicdeterminants for other types of microorganisms (cross reactivity) such as Escherichiacoli 0:157, Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9, Salmonella urban, Pseudomonas malthopilia andPasteurella. The aim of our work was to determine the immunological responsebased on the use of standardized and purified allergen in which lypopolysaharid hasbeen removed and doesn’t induce humoral immune response. A total of 16 dairycattle previously tested positive using RBT (Rose Bengal test) and CFT (complementfixation test) were tested for confirmation with BST (brucelline skin test) accordingto the instructions of the producer. B. melitensis B115 (Synbiotics BrucellergeneOCB) was used in the test. 14 of 16 cattle reacted with skin thickening >1 mm after72 hours from the application of brucellin. 2 animals with no skin thickening orthickening <1mm also reacted negative in CFT. This outcome can be attributed tocross reactions with other antigens than Brucella that commonly occurs in RoseBengal test.Brucellin allergic skin test is not recommended as a standalone diagnostic toolbecause all infected animals do not react therefore this test cannot be recommendedas a self-sufficient diagnostic test or for the purpose of international trade.However, due to high specificity and adequate sensitivity at the herd level, it can berecommended for the control of herds in areas free of brucellosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document