What Are the Next Steps for the International Seabed Authority after the Invocation of the ‘Two-year Rule’?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pradeep A Singh
Keyword(s):  
Legal Provision ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Seabed Authority

Abstract In late June 2021, the Republic of Nauru invoked a legal provision known as the ‘two-year rule’ at the International Seabed Authority (ISA), which effectively obliges the Council of the ISA to complete the elaboration of the mineral exploitation regulations within the prescribed time of two years, that is, by 9 July 2023. This article provides an update on recent developments at the ISA since the invocation of the two-year rule, outlining six options that appear to be available to the ISA Council in response to the invocation of the rule.

scholarly journals Securitisation gaps: Towards ideational understandings of state weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kevork Oskanian
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
State Action ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This article contributes a securitisation-based, interpretive approach to state weakness. The long-dominant positivist approaches to the phenomenon have been extensively criticised for a wide range of deficiencies. Responding to Lemay-Hébert's suggestion of a ‘Durkheimian’, ideational-interpretive approach as a possible alternative, I base my conceptualisation on Migdal's view of state weakness as emerging from a ‘state-in-society's’ contested ‘strategies of survival’. I argue that several recent developments in Securitisation Theory enable it to capture this contested ‘collective knowledge’ on the state: a move away from state-centrism, the development of a contextualised ‘sociological’ version, linkages made between securitisation and legitimacy, and the acknowledgment of ‘securitisations’ as a contested Bourdieusian field. I introduce the concept of ‘securitisation gaps’ – divergences in the security discourses and practices of state and society – as a concept aimed at capturing this contested role of the state, operationalised along two logics (reactive/substitutive) – depending on whether they emerge from securitisations of the state action or inaction – and three intensities (latent, manifest, and violent), depending on the extent to which they involve challenges to state authority. The approach is briefly illustrated through the changing securitisation gaps in the Republic of Lebanon during the 2019–20 ‘October Uprising’.

Why Diamonds Really are a Girl's Best Friend: Another American Narrative

Daedalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Linda K. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
American Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The old law of domestic relations and the system known as coverture have shaped marriage practices in the United States and have limited women's membership in the constitutional community. This system of law predates the Revolution, but it lingers in U.S. legal tradition even today. After describing coverture and the old law of domestic relations, this essay considers how the received narrative of women's place in U.S. history often obscures the story of women's and men's efforts to overthrow this oppressive regime, and also the story of the continuing efforts of men and some women to stabilize and protect it. The essay also questions the paradoxes built into American law: for example, how do we reconcile the strictures of coverture with the founders' care in defining rights-holders as “persons” rather than “men”? Citing a number of court cases from the early days of the republic to the present, the essay describes the 1960s and 1970s shift in legal interpretation of women's rights and obligations. However, recent developments – in abortion laws, for example – invite inquiry as to how full the change is that we have accomplished. The history of coverture and the way it affects legal, political, and cultural practice today is another American narrative that needs to be better understood.

scholarly journals Kashmir after August 5th Decision and its Implications for South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Hatice Çelik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International System ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Stability

After World War II, Great Britain's loss of power in the international system had a great impact on the start of the decolonization process (the beginning of the independence movements in colonial geographies and the acquisition of peoples' independence) and expansion of it. India, one of the most important colonies of the British Empire which is known as the empire on which the sun never sets, was also the most important representative and perhaps even the trigger of this process. The Republic of India (hereafter referred to as India) which gained independence from Britain in 1947, also witnessed the birth of another state from its territory. The newly established state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (hereinafter referred to as Pakistan) has maintained a high-tension relationship with India since the foundation. The main cause of this tension has been the dispute over the Jammu and Kashmir region. The controversial region has again become a conflictual geography with the decision of the Indian Parliament on the 5th of August 2019. By this, the autonomous status of the J&K was abolished and Pakistan and India came to the edge of confrontation. The measures and precautions of the Indian government regarding the region has increased the tension not only in J&K but also in India and in Pakistan. This study tries to analyze the Kashmir dispute in line with the recent developments and how the issue effects the regional political dynamics. In the first part of the paper; there will be a short history of the dispute, the claims of the parties, and the place of this dispute in the international system. In the second part, the current situation will be tried to investigate from the foreign policy and regional policies aspect. The general conclusion of the author is that the recent decision on autonomy of Kashmir will have cumulative negative impacts on the stability of the region in coming years.

scholarly journals From Rebels to Rulers and Legislators: The Political Transformation of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Stange ◽  
Roman Patock
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Role Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
The Republic

On 15 August 2005, when the Republic of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Helsinki, Finland, it was considered yet another uncertain attempt at putting an end to Indonesia's thirty years of conflict in its westernmost province, Aceh. After a historically unprecedented reconstruction process that followed the tsunami of December 2004 and two orderly elections in 2006/2007 and 2009, Aceh's peace process is not only still on track, but widely considered a role model for ending protracted civil wars by means of political participation and autonomy regulations. This article reviews past developments that have led to the reconfiguration of Aceh's political landscape and seeks to illustrate the most recent developments in GAM's transformation from an independence movement to an Indonesian local political party.

scholarly journals An empirical study of customer usage and satisfaction with e-banking services in the Republic of Macedonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Meri Boshkoska ◽  
Kosta Sotiroski
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Recent developments in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created new opportunities for enhancing both the operations and competitiveness within the banking sector. The application of contemporary ICT-based solutions has resulted in significant changes in the traditional banking business, through the involvement of brand new approaches in the process of distribution of banking products and services to customers. As a part of the services offered by any modern bank, e-banking has become a synonym for an efficient system aimed at delivering traditional banking services through electronic communications channels, available to anybody, anywhere and anytime. The goal of the paper is to perform an empirical analysis of the current situation regarding the level of customer usage and satisfaction with e-banking services in the Republic of Macedonia. The study will enable us to determine which variables affect the level of adoption and satisfaction with е-banking services. The study is fully based on the statistical data analysis of the responses gathered from a representative sample of e-banking customers.

Bibliographical Progress in South Africa 1967-1968

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Reuben Musiker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interim Period

This is a two-year survey of bibliographical work completed in the Republic of South Africa. Recent developments in current and retrospective national bibliography are outlined. The South African National Bibliography has been mechanised and good progress has been made with the retrospective volume for 1926-1958. Attention is drawn to the State Library's work on the documentation of banned books. Catalogues of important collections completed are briefly described, and recent developments in the field of periodical lists and indexes are outlined. Special attention is paid in the review to Africana indexes and bibliographies. The author concludes that despite lacunae which remain to be filled, the bibliographical scene in South Africa is satisfactory and full of promise. This review, like its forerunner covers a two-year period and is based on information derived from a questionnaire sent to the major libraries of South Africa. The interim period has also been covered to some extent by a number of informal bibliographical progress reports published in the South African Library Association Newsletter.

scholarly journals Reconceptualizing the Republic: Diversity and Education in France, 1945–2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Nuhoğlu Soysal ◽  
Simona Szakács
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Normative Perspective

Since the nineteenth century, France, not unlike the United States, has experienced significant immigration and, as a result, great flux. Yet, the French public discourse and policy instruments concerned with ethnic and racial diversities evolved in sharp contrast to those in the United States. Whereas U.S. nation-building incorporated the recognition of ethnoracial identities, with all of its trials and tribulations, the French nation's trajectory assumed a unitary form. Recent developments, however, point to changes in the Republic's projection of its identity and its citizenry. An analysis of school teaching finds that the Republic is now re-envisioned as open and tolerant of diversity, though more from a universalistic, normative perspective—increasingly indexed at the transnational level—than from a perspective that privileges France's immigrant and colonial past.

Peripheral Vision: Cultural Industries and Cultural Identities in Turkey

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1937-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aksoy ◽  
K Robins
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic

We consider recent developments in the cultural industries in Turkey, with particular reference to television broadcasting. We seek to show how recent transformations in the industry have been associated with significant developments in Turkish cultural identity. Historically, broadcasting has existed under the monopoly of the state-run Turkish Radio and Television Authority (TRT), and functioned very much as a voice of the Kemalist ideology of the Republic. From 1990, however, there was a rapid proliferation of illegal, commercial television channels, broadcasting signals from outside the country. This led to a new vitality in Turkish television culture, as the new commercial interests sought to develop programming that would appeal to audiences tired of the ‘official’ fare of TRT. Television began to reflect the popular culture of Turkey in ways that were quite creative. Since 1994, and the passing of new broadcasting legislation, the turbulence of commercialisation has quietened. There has been a degree of concentration in the industry, and commercial programming has become less innovative. The momentum of change has slowed, though it has by no means been halted.

scholarly journals The formulation of nusantara fiqh in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
M. Noor Harisudin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Fixed Domain ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
National Legal System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Republic

This article discusses how Fiqh Nusantara, an Islamic jurisprudence in Indonesia was formed and formulated.  Data were obtained through library research, classic literature commonly used in Islamic boarding schools, fatwas of the Indonesian Council of Ulama, Nahdlatul Ulama, and Muhammadiyah. The Fiqh Nusantara contextualization in Indonesian locus – known as Fiqh Nusantara– is posed from distinctive genealogy and characteristics compared to Fiqh that has developed in the Middle East. One of the characteristics of Fiqh Nusantara is that it has strengthened the unity of the Republic of Indonesian as indicated by its various contributions in the national legal system. Additionally, it has been resulted in a dialogical process in which many fatwas developed and lived in the community. It is responsive to recent developments of fiqh and it is not derived from one school of thought. It is created through collective efforts (collective ijtihad) in the form of fiqh which is open to variety of opinions. However, Fiqh Nusantara as an Islamic law in Indonesia has not yet penetrated the domain of mahdlah (sincere worship to the God). For Fiqh Nusantara activists, it was only applicable to the changing domain of fiqh (mutaghayirat) and not to the fixed domain of fiqh (tsawabit).

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