scholarly journals The Legacy of the Gacaca Courts in Rwanda: Survivors’ Views

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie de Brouwer ◽  
Etienne Ruvebana
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Unresolved Issue ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Local Courts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Gacaca, the local courts in Rwanda, officially closed on 18 June 2012. In this contribution, the legacy of the gacaca courts is studied by looking at what the gacaca courts have achieved or may not have achieved against the objectives it was set up for in the first place from the perspective of genocide survivors. Twenty-eight interviews with genocide survivors provide insight into how changing circumstances (e.g. passing of time, better understanding of the workings of the gacaca courts, improved security situation, increased level of the most basic (material and psychological) needs, and role of teachings about forgiveness on individual and societal reconciliation) may influence the way survivors of international crimes evaluate gacaca. In the second part of this article, the question of how to move on now that gacaca courts have officially closed down is discussed, including the still unresolved issue of reparation to genocide survivors.

Teacher digital competence: bringing education to the next level

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
S.V. Tsymbal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

The digital revolution has transformed the way people access information, communicate and learn. It is teachers' responsibility to set up environments and opportunities for deep learning experiences that can uncover and boost learners’ capacities. Twentyfirst century competences can be seen as necessary to navigate contemporary and future life, shaped by technology that changes workplaces and lifestyles. This study explores the concept of digital competence and provide insight into the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators.

Kinetics of Plasmon-Driven Hydrosilylation of Silicon Surfaces: Photogenerated Charges Drive Silicon- Carbon Bond Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Rao ◽  
Brian Olsen ◽  
Erik Luber ◽  
Jillian Buriak
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Carbon Bond ◽  
Silicon Carbon ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Insight Into

Optically transparent PDMS stamps coated with a layer of gold nanoparticles were employed as plasmonic stamps to drive surface chemistry on silicon surfaces. Illumination of a sandwich of plasmonic stamps, an alkene ink, and hydride-terminated silicon with green light of moderate intensity drives hydrosilylation on the surface. The key to the mechanism of the hydrosilylation is the presence of holes at the Si-H-terminated interface, which is followed by attack by a proximal alkene and formation of the silicon-carbon bond. In this work, detailed kinetic studies of the hydrosilylation on silicon with different doping levels, n++, p++, n, p, and intrinsic were carried out to provide further insight into the role of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction that is set up during the stamping.

4. Islamic and Confucian accounts of the virtues

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Craig A. Boyd ◽  
Kevin Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Human Good ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter evaluates how two different cultural traditions understand virtue, specifically Islam and Confucianism. The work of Al-Ghazzali provides insight into the central role of virtue for Islam. In living out the five pillars of Islam—the shahadah, salat, zakat, sawm, and the hajj—one becomes a person properly related to Allah and to others. In this context, adab (the manner in which people acquire good character) provides an entrée into Islamic accounts of the virtues. Meanwhile, while there are important differences between the thinkers in the Confucian tradition, they all emphasized the dao (the ‘way’) as providing the highest human good and the proper cosmic ordering of the universe.

Drunk in Society

Drunk Japan ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 142-174
Author(s):  
Mark D. West
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Legal Contexts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on the role of intoxication in society. After examining the way courts discuss alcohol use as a social problem, it turns to three legal contexts: employment law, family law, and torts. First, it examines cases of disciplinary dismissals, in which civil servants whose employment is terminated after drunk-driving convictions sue their former employers. Second, it explores divorce cases in which alcohol consumption and intoxication are raised as factors that contributed to the demise of the marriage. Third, it turns to cases in which people claim they were defamed by statements related to alcohol consumption. In each case, courts issue opinions that either offer little insight into their thoughts on intoxication (despite a penchant for editorializing in other types of cases) or apply uneven, but individualized, justice.

scholarly journals Let Them Eat Cake:  Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny  in Revolutionary France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hugh Eldred-Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.</p>

scholarly journals Let Them Eat Cake:  Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny  in Revolutionary France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hugh Eldred-Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.</p>

Kinetics of Plasmon-Driven Hydrosilylation of Silicon Surfaces: Photogenerated Charges Drive Silicon- Carbon Bond Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Rao ◽  
Brian Olsen ◽  
Erik Luber ◽  
Jillian Buriak
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Carbon Bond ◽  
Silicon Carbon ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Insight Into

Optically transparent PDMS stamps coated with a layer of gold nanoparticles were employed as plasmonic stamps to drive surface chemistry on silicon surfaces. Illumination of a sandwich of plasmonic stamps, an alkene ink, and hydride-terminated silicon with green light of moderate intensity drives hydrosilylation on the surface. The key to the mechanism of the hydrosilylation is the presence of holes at the Si-H-terminated interface, which is followed by attack by a proximal alkene and formation of the silicon-carbon bond. In this work, detailed kinetic studies of the hydrosilylation on silicon with different doping levels, n++, p++, n, p, and intrinsic were carried out to provide further insight into the role of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction that is set up during the stamping.

scholarly journals Can Personality Be Changed? The Role of Beliefs in Personality and Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. Dweck
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Using recent research, I argue that beliefs lie at the heart of personality and adaptive functioning and that they give us unique insight into how personality and functioning can be changed. I focus on two classes of beliefs—beliefs about the malleability of self-attributes and expectations of social acceptance versus rejection—and show how modest interventions have brought about important real-world changes. I conclude by suggesting that beliefs are central to the way in which people package their experiences and carry them forward, and that beliefs should play a more central role in the study of personality.

scholarly journals The active metabolic rate predicts a male spider's proximity to females and expected fitness

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20121164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Kasumovic ◽  
Frank Seebacher
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Web Spider ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Nephila Plumipes ◽  
Expected Fitness ◽  
Insight Into

Conspicuous traits, such as weaponry and body size, are often correlated with fitness. By contrast, we understand less about how inconspicuous physiological traits affect fitness. Not only is linking physiology directly to fitness a challenge, but in addition, behavioural studies most often focus on resting or basal metabolic rates, resulting in a poor understanding of how active metabolic rates affect fitness. Here we use the golden orb-web spider ( Nephila plumipes ), a species for which proximity to a female on the web predicts a male's paternity share, to examine the role of resting and active metabolic rates in fitness. Using a semi-natural experimental set-up, we show that males closer to a female have higher active metabolic rates than males further from females. This higher metabolic activity is paralleled by increased citrate synthase activity, suggesting greater mitochondrial densities. Our results link both higher active metabolic rates and increased citrate synthase activity with fitness. Coupled with the behaviour and life history of N. plumipes , these results provide insight into the evolution of physiological systems.

Stravinsky's Les Noces and Russian Village Wedding Ritual

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Folk Ritual ◽  
The Village ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This study presents Stravinsky's well-known ballet Les Noces as seen by an ethnomusicologist familiar with wedding rituals and, particularly, laments of Russian villages. The music of Les Noces, statements made by the composer himself, and the data gleaned from published sources of folk music (those Stravinsky is known to have come in contact with or those accessible to him) are juxtaposed with observations obtained in field interviews with Russian villagers who themselves were participants in wedding rituals and performers of wedding laments. The conceptual and structural ideas of Les Noces are compared to those of the village ritual. The examination of the role of laments and songs in the unfolding of the ritual, the use of ostinato, the analysis of the manner of singing and voice quality in laments, and an inquiry into the polyphonic forms based on polymorphic texture enable a fresh insight into Les Noces and the way Stravinsky handled materials derived from folk practice. The general conceptualization of the composition with its coalescence of high emotional intensity and, at the same time, personal detachment is traced to folk ritual where the episodes, being part of the ritual, embody primarily impersonal responses to the requirements of a ritualized situation, even though they are presented as highly tense and emotionally charged.

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