NEWTON E I FENOMENI DELLA VITA

Nuncius ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMANUELA TRUCCO ◽  
EMANUELA TRUCCO ◽  
MAURIZIO MAMIANI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title There is plain evidence that the De motu et sensatione Animalium and De vita morte vegetabili, here edited, are two drafts of an intended appendix for the second edition (1713) of Newton's Principia. In these manuscripts, Newton is explaining by means of electrical attraction a large class of phenomena: the cohesion of the small particles of bodies, the sensation and movement of animals, the fermentation and the chemical qualities that distinguish inorganic from organic matter. Newton is attempting to overwhelm the Cartesian dualism between res cogitans and res extensa by proposing electric spirit as a medium that unifies mind and body. After a first attempt of considering electricity in its own action, Newton is compelled by analogy among electric attraction, light and heat towards more and more unverifiable hypotheses.

AN ESSAY ON STUDYING POWER AT THE INTERFACE OF POLITICS AND BIOLOGY

METOD ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Kirill Fokin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Mind Theory

The article addresses the problem of Cartesian dualism, understood as an attempt to separate and interconnect «mind» and «body» and related to the idea of continuity between biological and social, as well as between animal and human. As an example of how complex research of human sociality can help us to find a «bridge» between «mind» and «body», and to highlight their interplay, we describe an experience of the biopolitical research and the reconceptualization of Political Authority. The results and outputs of the research can be put in use in the field of political science: «body»-verifications are giving us new arguments to support the traditional normative «mind»-theory of Democratic Authority, we can empirically clarify the terminology and concepts, and also bring on a template to research other classical «problems» of political philosophy, testing them with the new data.

scholarly journals Hamiltonian curl forces

2015 ◽  
Vol 471 (2176) ◽  
pp. 20150002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Berry ◽  
Pragya Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Scalar Potential ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Integral Invariant ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Radial Forces ◽  
Energy Scalar

Newtonian forces depending only on position but which are non-conservative, i.e. whose curl is not zero, are termed ‘curl forces’. They are non-dissipative, but cannot be generated by a Hamiltonian of the familiar isotropic kinetic energy + scalar potential type. Nevertheless, a large class of such non-conservative forces (though not all) can be generated from Hamiltonians of a special type, in which kinetic energy is an anisotropic quadratic function of momentum. Examples include all linear curl forces, some azimuthal and radial forces, and some shear forces. Included are forces exerted on electrons in semiconductors, and on small particles by monochromatic light near an optical vortex. Curl forces imply restrictions on the geometry of periodic orbits, and non-conservation of Poincaré's integral invariant. Some fundamental questions remain, for example: how does curl dynamics generated by a Hamiltonian differ from dynamics under curl forces that are not Hamiltonian?

Radiocarbon Variation in Charcoal/Wood and Soil Fractions from a Loessic Setting in Central Alaska

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Reuther ◽  
Alexander Cherkinsky ◽  
Sam Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Lucky Strike ◽  
Soil Residue

AbstractThe Healy’s Lucky Strike site in central Alaska has an exceptional Holocene loess-paleosol sequence that has afforded us the ability to look at variation in 14C dating of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in a high-latitude loess setting. Our work has focused on comparing the radiocarbon ages of charcoal and wood to base-soluble humic acids (HA) and base-insoluble soil residue (SR) fractions from bulk soil samples. Charcoal/wood ages were younger than HA ages reflecting the later stages of vegetation development at the surface of the soils prior to being covered by loess accumulation; the HA ages generally reflect the overall timing of soil formation and mean residence time of SOM. Soil residue ages are older than charcoal/wood and HA ages. SOM ages at this location become increasingly older than charcoal/wood ages with depth, reaching 750 to 8070 yr in difference and associated with weakly developed soils at the lowest depths. We suggest the drastic SOM age differences at this site result from the differential incorporation of small particles of coal throughout the sedimentary matrices introduced older contaminants to SR fractions.

A Multilayer Approach to the Design of Fine Dispersed Metallic two Component Materials

1995 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Eisenmenger-Sittner ◽  
R. Behr ◽  
A. Bergauer ◽  
A. Hejl ◽  
W. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Common ◽  
Critical Nuclei ◽  
Deposition Techniques

ABSTRACTIn the common applications of multilayer materials a strict separation of the single layers as well as very sharply defined interlayer interfaces are highly desired. On the otherhand there exists a large class of materials which consist of small particles dispersed in a matrix with mechanically different properties.In this paper the theoretical concepts of producing this second class of materials via a multilayer deposition approach are presented. Although the focus is on the preparation ofsputter deposited immiscible metallic two component materials, the concepts presented arevalid for a greater variety of materials and deposition techniques.The phase distribution as well as the roughness evolution of a material consisting of oneisland- and one layer forming component is quantitatively described by considerations about the minimization of the surface free energy of the whole system. On the atomistic level the formation of critical nuclei on an arbitrarily shaped surface is briefly discussed and a connection to the thermodynamic minimization of the surface free energy is made.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatry in the UK: planning the service provision for the 21st century

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niruj Agrawal ◽  
Simon Fleminger ◽  
Howard Ring ◽  
Shoumitro Deb
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Some believe that Cartesian dualism of mind and body in the 19th century and the rise of psychoanalysis by the turn of the 20th century was what led to the separation of neurology and psychiatry. More recently, conceptualisations of the mind/brain paradigm have helped rediscover the relationship between the mind and the brain, bringing renewed synergy between neurology and psychiatry (Cunningham et al, 2006). However, division is still apparent in current service planning and provision in the UK for individuals whose presentation lies in the no-man's-land between these two historical domains.

The Substance-attributes Relationship in Cartesian Dualism

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Françoise Monnoyeur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Extension Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

In their book on Descartes’s Changing Mind, Peter Machamer and J. E. McGuire argue that Descartes discarded dualism to embrace a kind of monism. Descartes famously proposed that there are two separate substances, mind and body, with distinct attributes of thought and extension (Principles of Philosophy). According to Machamer and McGuire, because of the limitations of our intellect, we cannot have insight into the nature of either substance. After reviewing their argument in some detail, I will argue that Descartes did not relinquish his favorite doctrine but may have actually fooled himself about the nature of his dualism. It is my contention that the problem with Cartesian dualism stems from the definition of mind and body as substances and the role of their respective attributes—thought and extension—in the definition of substances.

Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. 15. Voluntary feed consumption and digestion in lambs fed chopped roughage diets varying in quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Feed intake and digestion transactions for diets based on wheaten straw and mature ryegrass diets, both supplemented to provide additional essential nutrients, were compared with those for lucerne hay and high quality forage oats diets in lambs weighing c. 24 kg. The data obtained and comparable published data were used to examine relationships between a range of variables. Decrease in roughage quality, as evidenced by decrease in digestible organic matter (OM) intake, was accompanied by increase in (i) times spent eating, ruminating and chewing rumination boluses, (ii) the quantities of digesta or digesta OM in the reticula-rumen and omasum. It was not associated with increase in the large particle content of rumen or omasum digesta. Over the range of diets, close direct relations were demonstrated between (i) ruminating time and the amount of digesta in the reticulo-rumen, (ii) the amounts of digesta in the reticulo-rumen and omasum, (iii) the OM concentrations in rumen and reticulum digesta, (iv) the OM concentrations in reticulum and omasum digesta, (v) the OM concentration of reticulum digesta and of digesta flowing to the omasum, and (vi) the increase in OM concentration from reticulum to omasum digesta and OM concentration of reticulum digesta. Reticulum digesta were of finer texture than rumen digesta, and the bulk density of digesta particle fractions varied between diets, and sometimes between rumen and large intestine digesta. With a straw-based diet, relative to lucerne hay, small particles ( <600 �m sieve) were cleared more slowly from the reticula-rumen, associated with a larger reticulo-rumen particle pool. The data are discussed in relation to (i) the flow of digesta through the alimentary tract and (ii) the regulation of roughage intake. They were considered to be consistent with a concept that energy metabolism and digesta load in the reticulo-rumen interact in the regulation of roughage intake.

Descartes, Plato and the Cave

Philosophy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Buckle
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Meditations On First Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Allegory Of The Cave

It has been a commonplace, embodied in philosophy curricula the world over, to think of Descartes' philosophy as he seems to present it: as a radical break with the past, as inaugurating a new philosophical problematic centred on epistemology and on a radical dualism of mind and body. In several ways, however, recent scholarship has undermined the simplicity of this picture. It has, for example, shown the considerable degree of literary artifice in Descartes' central works, and thereby brought out the deceptive character of his self-presentation there. In particular, it has revealed the extent of his debts to the Neoplatonist tradition, particularly to Augustine, and of his engagement with the Scholastic commentators of his day. My aim in this paper is to push this interpretative tendency a step further, by bringing out Descartes' indebtedness to Plato. I begin by offering some reminders of the broadly Platonic nature of Cartesian dualism. I then argue that he provides clues sufficient for—and designed to encourage—reading the Meditations on First Philosophy in the light of distinctively Platonic doctrines, and in particular, as a rewriting of the Platonic allegory of the cave for modern times. It will further be argued that some puzzles about the Discourse on the Method can be resolved by recognizing that Descartes there presents himself as a Socratic enquirer after truth. I conclude by drawing attention to some practical benefits that flow from recognizing these linkages.

scholarly journals The mind-body Cartesian dualism and psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Causal Interaction ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
The Mind

The French philosopher René Descartes (1596-1650) argued that the natures of mind and body are completely different from one another and that each could exist by itself. How can these two structures with different natures causally interact in order to give rise to a human being with voluntary bodily motions and sensations? Even today, the problem of mind-body causal interaction remains a matter of debate.

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