Historicism as a Cultural Pattern: Practising a Mode of Thought

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fulda
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Thought Pattern ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
The Creation

AbstractWhat is the basis for the enormous success of Historicism? In my paper I attempt to answer this question by deploying the concept of the cultural pattern. A ‘cultural pattern’ may be defined as the connection of concepts and practices which have gained a relative perpetuity through cultural habitualization. Cultural patterns include a combination of interpretative schemes according to which the world can be categorized, structured and interpreted with individual or social practices which either develop out of, or follow these schemes. Because they combine concepts and practices in a significant manner they gain a contour which enables the creation of communicative addressability, practical appropriation and discursive analysis and hence the creation of a long-term exemplary status. A cultural pattern according to this definition has a relative stability and an observable effect over a long period of time, but which is simultaneously liable to permanent actualization and adaption. Historicism has been considered to be a basic thought-pattern of modernity since Troeltsch, Meinecke and Koselleck; defining Historicism as a cultural pattern can help to explain its long-term effectiveness and its continuing productivity to the present day.

scholarly journals Assessing the Mechanism of Fluoxetine-Mediated CYP2D6 Inhibition

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Malavika Deodhar ◽  
Sweilem B. Al Rihani ◽  
Lucy Darakjian ◽  
Jacques Turgeon ◽  
Veronique Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Strong Affinity ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Metabolic Pathway

Fluoxetine is still one of the most widely used antidepressants in the world. The drug is extensively metabolized by several cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and subjected to a myriad of CYP450-mediated drug interactions. In a multidrug regimen, preemptive mitigation of drug–drug interactions requires knowledge of fluoxetine actions on these CYP450 enzymes. The major metabolic pathway of fluoxetine leading to the formation of its active metabolite, norfluoxetine, is mediated by CYP2D6. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine are strong affinity substrates of CYP2D6 and can inhibit, potentially through various mechanisms, the metabolism of other sensitive CYP2D6 substrates. Remarkably, fluoxetine-mediated CYP2D6 inhibition subsides long after fluoxetine first passes through the liver and even remains long after the discontinuation of the drug. Herein, we review pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic information to help us understand the mechanisms underlying the prolonged inhibition of CYP2D6 following fluoxetine administration. We propose that long-term inhibition of CYP2D6 is likely a result of competitive inhibition. This is due to strong affinity binding of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine to the enzyme and unbound fluoxetine and norfluoxetine levels circulating in the blood for a long period of time because of their long elimination half-life. Additionally, we describe that fluoxetine is a CYP2C9 substrate and a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2C19.

scholarly journals Long-term field experiment on the impacts of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion on a honeybee colony

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Yamada ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamada ◽  
Kazuko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Term Field

Neonicotinoides are persistent and highly toxic pesticides that have become popular instead of organophosphates, being suspected to be a trigger of massive disappearance of bees that raises concern in the world. The evaluation of the long-term influence for a whole colony in the natural environment is, however, not established yet. In this paper, we conducted a long-term field experiment and found different impacts on honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) in an apiary between the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion even though whose concentrations in sugar syrup provided for bees were adjusted to have nearly equal short-term effects on a honeybee based on the median lethal dose (LD50) as well as the insecticidal activity to exterminate stinkbugs. The colony with administration of dinotefran (dinotefuran colony) became extinct in 26 days, while the colony with administration of fenitrothion (fenitrothion colony) survived the administration for the same period. Furthermore, the fenitrothion colony succeeded to be alive for more than 293 days after administration, and also succeeded an overwintering, which indicates that colonies exposed to fenitrothion can recover after the exposure. Meanwhile, the dinotefuran colony became extinct even though the intake of dinotefuran was estimated to be comparable with that of fenitrothion in terms of the LD50 of a honeybee. Moreover, the colonies in our previous long-term experiments where dinotefuran with higher concentration were administered only for first few days (Yamada et al., 2012) became extinct in 104 days and 162 days, respectively. From these results, we speculate that colonies exposed to dinotefuran hardly recover from the damage because dinotefuran is much more persistent than fenitrothion and toxic foods stored in cells can affect a colony in a long period.

scholarly journals Konsepsi Pendidikan Islam Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Education ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

Education is one of the central concerns of Muslims. Islamic education is the guidance of spiritual and physical growth according to the teachings of Islam with the wisdom of directing, teaching, training, nurturing and supervising the enactment of all Islamic teachings. The ultimate goal of Islamic education is the creation of human beings (perfect human beings), are human beings capable of harmonizing and meeting the needs of the world and the hereafter and the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. So the orientation of Islamic education in addition to fulfilling short-term life needs such as the fulfillment of worldly needs also meet the long-term life needs such as fulfillment needs in the hereafter. The essence of Islamic education is an endless process in line with the universal consensus established by Allah and His Messenger

scholarly journals Reality bytes. Hybrid inter-faces, hybrid selves

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
Mario Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Self ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

Kyoto UniversityOver the past 20 years, computer games have become a very integral part of consumptive practices, acting as a guide to mediate multiple selves. This sets the context for this paper, a philosophical inquiry into the creation and mediation of ‘selves’ through the consumption of Japanese computer games, taking a detailed look at some of the symbolic and semiotic structures that permeate game structures. Games placed in the realm of human creativity and normative freedoms are as argued in this paper, a subtle form of the Deleuzian concept of assemblage.This paper argues that the ‘self’ as seen through computer games manifest multiple ‘selves’ that highlight the fluidity of identities which are being fabricated, disseminated and transmitted from Japan. Through an analysis of a number of Japanese games popular in Japan and actively consumed abroad, this paper examines an underlying grammar that transcribes the self and how social relations are reworked through technological enquiry. This paper further highlights how computer-dominated social practices that have heavily flowed from Japan have introduced very specific ontological ways of seeing the world to a whole generation of games players residing in other geographical spheres.

Pit-digging and Structured Deposition in the Neolithic and Copper Age

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 61-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Materials Used

In this article, the author identifies the concentration principle for the accumulation of large quantities of objects in the settlements of the Balkan Neolithic and Copper Age and suggests reasons for this principle. One of the chief examples of this principle is the structured deposition of objects in pits. After the characterisation of the location of such pits – whether under houses or in the open air, there is a discussion of the forms of deposits in pits – including human bone deposits, burnt deposits and unusual combinations of rare and quotidian objects, as related to different manifestations of the life-cycle of the pits. The structure of the deposits is investigated in the light of their immense variability. Rather than attempting to ‘explain’ all the cited examples in a global, structuralist manner, the pits and their contents are interpreted in terms of local strategies of categorisation of everyday and exotic materials used in social practices. This does not exclude broader forms of prehistoric rationality, which appear to endure over a long period of time and in many different regions. These findings are related to the wider social dynamics of enchainment and accumulation – two important long-term social practices characterising the Balkan Neolithic and Copper Age.

Jubilee, Discipleship and Social Rest

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Calvin Tiessen
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
The Creation

As we structure the economic and social practices of the communities, institutions and nations of which we are all a part, jubilee calls us to discipleship. Jubilee speaks to the creation of societies of hope, of celebration and of prosperity. It is about the creation of social rest as we rest in God. This requires the careful and intentional formation of agents of social rest. Jubilee clearly advocates for proactive rather than reactive social practices in relation to immediate needs as well as long-term social legacy. Jubilee clearly addresses six of the 10 principles for just peacemaking.

Land and Power: The Marxist Conquest of Rural Bengal

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Engelsen Rund
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Left Front

The Indian state of West Bengal is governed and politically dominated by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M) for short) which has been in Government there since 1977 as the largest constituent party to the ruling Left Front. The CPI(M)'s position in West Bengal is unique both in India and in the world in the sense that it is the only Communist party to be popularly elected and reelected to power for such a long period. Today it draws most of its electoral support from the rural areas where the party is supported by peasants of practically all socio-economic sections. It is to an interesting period in the history of Communism in Bengal that this article will turn, namely to the creation of a particular alliance of Marxists and peasants in the restlessness in that state in the late 1960s and the virtual elimination of non-Marxist forces in large areas.

Grieving and Mourning: Distinctions in Process

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Significant Loss ◽  
Grief Counseling ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grieving Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Mourning Process

Psychothanatologists have begun to question the idea that the grieving process has a definitive ending in recovery and renewal, and instead, they are considering growing evidence that suggests that for some persons, the grieving process extends into the mourning process, which itself may extend throughout a person's lifetime. This article offers a number of distinctions between grieving and mourning which speak to the former as a short-term passive process and the latter as an active, long-term process—a process that involves a profound transformation of our assumptions about self in the world, a search for meaning in the loss, and the creation of and interaction with an inner representation of the deceased. These findings have profound implications for the practice of grief counseling and caregiving in the face of significant loss.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

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