scholarly journals Taxonomic utility of female copulation organs in Sericini chafers (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), with special reference to asymmetry

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Özgül-Siemund ◽  
Dirk Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Strong Asymmetry ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Female Genital

Female genitalia are widely underrepresented in taxonomic studies. Here we investigate the morphological variation among female copulation organs for a group of scarab beetles (Sericini) with similar ecology, external morphology and copulation mechanics. We examined traits qualitatively and quantitatively based on 80 and 18 species (genus Pleophylla), respectively. Additionally we explored whether female genitalia are affected by asymmetry. The vast diversity of slerotised structures including their shapes illustrated the high taxonomic and phylogenetic utility of female genitalia in this group. The morphometric analysis of Pleophylla, confirmed that sclerotisations in the ductus bursae are very suitable for species-level taxonomic purposes. Stable interspecific variation is more hardly discernable in other parts such as the vaginal palps (shape and size) or the other membranous structures such as the shape of the bursa copulatrix. Asymmetric genitalia that arose multiple times independently among insects are found in most of the examined Sericini species. Asymmetries regarded either the bursa copulatrix, or both the bursa copulatrix and ductus bursae and comprised sclerotised and non-sclerotised structures being most common in modern Sericini. Here, highly asymmetric sclerotised structures are linked with strong asymmetry of the male copulation organs. Widespread asymmetry among megadiverse Sericini with a complex male-female genital asymmetry suggests that the shift to asymmetry is phylogenetically rather conserved. From the range of hypotheses, sexual selection seems to be the most reasonable to explain the evolution and stability of asymmetry in chafer genitalia.

Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia with iontophoresis

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
N. S. Utochnikova
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Female Genital

The treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia has long been one of the most important tasks of the gynecologist. With the development of surgery, surgical methods of treatment began to be applied: exudates were removed, the uterus and inflamed appendages were extirpated, etc.; but the danger of surgical intervention on the one hand, and on the other - the severe consequences of removal of organs such as ovaries, especially in young women - forced gynecologists to spend much effort in discovering and improving non-operative methods of treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genital parts. Among these methods, physical methods such as water, mud, light baths, massage, etc., as well as those related to electricity have long been prominent.

scholarly journals Legs morphometric characters of the Dolichopus Latreille species, 1796 (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Mariya Alexandrovna Chursina ◽  
Oleg Pavlovich Negrobov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Hind Tibia ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insertion Point ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Morphometric Characters

A comparative analysis of 30 species of the Dolichopodidae family in a phylogenetic context was conducted to examine interspecific variation in the legs morphometry. Five relative traits of legs from 12 and seven absolute traits from nine showed significant phylogenetic signal. A set of traits, such as relatively short hind tibia and relatively long fore and middle tibia and the first segments of the hind legs allowed to allocate Dolichopus species from the other ones. The projection of the phylogenetic tree of Dolichopus species into the morphospace allowed us to divide it into four individual areas: not closely related species, but species having similar modifications of males legs tended to cluster. This suggests that the legs morphometric traits should be mainly under pressure of sexual selection. It has also been revealed that the elongation of the first segment of hind tarsi in Dolichopus species is associated with the distal displacement of the insertion point of dm-m with M4 and the decrease of the length of R4+5 . The functional significance of these characters set is discussed.

Review of the genus Pandeleteius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of northern South America and the Lesser Antilles

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne T. Howden
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Original Species

AbstractFauna of the genus Pandeleteius Schoenherr of Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Lesser Antilles are revised in part. Six new species of Pandeleteius are described: P. trinidadensissp. nov. (P. angustirostris species group); P. sabanaensissp. nov. and P. bolivarisp. nov. (P. campestris species group, new concept); P. guriensissp. nov. and P. ductilissp. nov. (P. candidus species group, new concept); and P. clarkisp. nov. (P. modestus species group). The P. kirschi species group (new concept) is redefined based on male and female genitalia, and P. testaceipes Hustache is added to the species group. The other sex is described for three species formerly known from only one sex: the male of P. candidus Howden, male of P. arcanus Howden, and female of P. liberalis Howden. New findings on the post-pupal growth and morphology of the male and female genitalia are applied to the group- and species-level taxonomy. The key to the Pandeleteius species of Venezuela and Colombia is revised to include all the original species groups and subsequent changes, as well as all new taxa.

The female genital structures of several species of the genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1412 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
OSMAN SERT
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Systematic Importance ◽  
Female Genital

The structure of the female genitalia of seven species from genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 have been examined in this study. The genital spicula, 8 th sternite, coxite, stylus and spermatheca which have systematic importance are illustrated and those structures are discussed at the species level.

The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Depositional Fabric ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

scholarly journals Grasp to See—Object Classification Using Flexion Glove with Support Vector Machine

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Shun-Hsin Yu ◽  
Jen-Shuo Chang ◽  
Chia-Hung Dylan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Object Classification ◽  
Target Object ◽  
The Other ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dark Space ◽  
Flex Sensors ◽  
Shape And Size

This paper proposes an object classification method using a flexion glove and machine learning. The classification is performed based on the information obtained from a single grasp on a target object. The flexion glove is developed with five flex sensors mounted on five finger sleeves, and is used for measuring the flexion of individual fingers while grasping an object. Flexion signals are divided into three phases, and they are the phases of picking, holding and releasing, respectively. Grasping features are extracted from the phase of holding for training the support vector machine. Two sets of objects are prepared for the classification test. One is printed-object set and the other is daily-life object set. The printed-object set is for investigating the patterns of grasping with specified shape and size, while the daily-life object set includes nine objects randomly chosen from daily life for demonstrating that the proposed method can be used to identify a wide range of objects. According to the results, the accuracy of the classifications are achieved 95.56% and 88.89% for the sets of printed objects and daily-life objects, respectively. A flexion glove which can perform object classification is successfully developed in this work and is aimed at potential grasp-to-see applications, such as visual impairment aid and recognition in dark space.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigation of Hong Kong Ilex chloroplast genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby Lim-Ho Kong ◽  
Hyun-Seung Park ◽  
Tai-Wai David Lau ◽  
Zhixiu Lin ◽  
Tae-Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Ilex Rotunda

AbstractIlex is a monogeneric plant group (containing approximately 600 species) in the Aquifoliaceae family and one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs. However, its taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships at the species level are debatable. Herein, we obtained the complete chloroplast genomes of all 19 Ilex types that are native to Hong Kong. The genomes are conserved in structure, gene content and arrangement. The chloroplast genomes range in size from 157,119 bp in Ilex graciliflora to 158,020 bp in Ilex kwangtungensis. All these genomes contain 125 genes, of which 88 are protein-coding and 37 are tRNA genes. Four highly varied sequences (rps16-trnQ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD-psaC and ycf1) were found. The number of repeats in the Ilex genomes is mostly conserved, but the number of repeating motifs varies. The phylogenetic relationship among the 19 Ilex genomes, together with eight other available genomes in other studies, was investigated. Most of the species could be correctly assigned to the section or even series level, consistent with previous taxonomy, except Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa, Ilex asprella var. tapuensis and Ilex chapaensis. These species were reclassified; I. rotunda was placed in the section Micrococca, while the other two were grouped with the section Pseudoaquifolium. These studies provide a better understanding of Ilex phylogeny and refine its classification.

scholarly journals Sperm removal during copulation confirmed in the oldest extant damselfly,Hemiphlebia mirabilis

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Scramble Competition ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Male Genital

Postcopulatory sexual selection may favour mechanisms to reduce sperm competition, like physical sperm removal by males. To investigate the origin of sperm removal, I studied the reproductive behaviour and mechanisms of sperm competition in the only living member of the oldest damselfly family,Hemiphlebia mirabilis, one species that was considered extinct in the 1980s. This species displays scramble competition behaviour. Males search for females with short flights and both sexes exhibit a conspicuous “abdominal flicking”. This behaviour is used by males during an elaborate precopulatory courtship, unique among Odonata. Females use a similar display to reject male attempts to form tandem, but eventually signal receptivity by a particular body position. Males immobilise females during courtship using their legs, which, contrarily to other damselflies, never autotomise. Copulation is short (range 4.1–18.7 min), and occurs in two sequential stages. In the first stage, males remove part of the stored sperm, and inseminate during the second stage, at the end of mating. The male genital ligula matches the size and form of female genitalia, and ends by two horns covered by back-oriented spines. The volume of sperm in females before copulation was 2.7 times larger than the volume stored in females whose copulation was interrupted at the end of stage I, indicative of a significant sperm removal. These results point out that sperm removal is an old character in the evolution of odonates, possibly dating back to the Permian.

scholarly journals Sperm removal during copulation confirmed in the oldest extant damselfly, Hemiphlebia mirabilis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Scramble Competition ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Postcopulatory sexual selection may favour mechanisms to reduce sperm competition, like physical sperm removal by males. To investigate the origin of sperm removal, I studied the reproductive behaviour and mechanisms of sperm competition in the only living member of the oldest damselfly family, Hemiphlebia mirabilis, one species that was considered extinct in the 1980s. This species displays scramble competition behaviour, whose males search for females with short flights and both sexes exhibit a conspicuous “abdominal flicking”. This behaviour is used by males during an elaborate precopulatory courtship, unique among the Odonata. Females use a similar display to reject male attempts to form tandem, but eventually signal receptivity by a particular body position. Males immobilise females during courtship using their legs, which, contrarily to other damselflies, never autotomize. Copulation is short (range 4.1-18.7 min), and has two stages. In the first stage, males remove part of the stored sperm, and inseminate during the second stage, at the end of mating. The examination of genitalia indicates that males have two horns covered by back-oriented spines, which match the size and form of female genitalia. The volume of sperm in females after copulation was 2.8 times larger than the volume stored in females whose copulation was interrupted at the end of stage I, indicative of a significant sperm removal. These results point out that sperm removal is an old character in the evolution of odonates, probably dating back to the Permian.

scholarly journals A KARYOSYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION IN THE GRAMINEAE

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. S. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
First Time

The history and the present state of the classification of the Gramineae are briefly reviewed and a number of the different characteristics on which phylogenetic systems have been based are considered. The subjects of chromosome morphology and the application of idiograms and karyotypes to taxonomic studies are discussed. Avdulov's recently reported findings on the phylogeny of the grasses are summarized and compared with the results of other workers and those obtained in the present investigation. Three species of bamboos were studied for the first time and evidence secured to indicate that the basic number of the tribe is probably not 12 as has been elsewhere reported. In the Festuceae the chromosome number of Phragmites communis Trin. was definitely ascertained, confirming Avdulov's supposition that the basic number for the genus is 12. The other three species investigated agreed with the arrangement as proposed by Avdulov. The tribe Chlorideae, with the exception of the genus Beckmannia, has been reported to be almost entirely Panicoid with respect to chromosome morphology. This was confirmed in the four species examined. Avdulov's rearrangement of the tribe Hordeae was somewhat altered and a confusion m the nomenclature of the genus Lepturus was corrected. An anomalous situation was cleared up in the tribe Agrostideae by the establishment of the chromosome number of Sporobolus tennuissinus Kuntz as 40. The specimen of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (tribe Phalarideae) examined provided a very interesting example of secondary splitting in somatic chromosomes. One species was examined in the tribe Melinideae and six in the tribe Paniceae. In the latter tribe no difference could be detected between the several subdivisions of the genus Panicum. The same condition held for the large genus Andropogon in the tribe Andropogoneae. In the tribe Maydeae the chromosome number of Tripsacum dactyloides L. was found to be 9, and the suggestion was made that it may be a link, along with the genus Coix, between the Andropogoneae and the Maydeae. The other four species examined all had a basic number of 10.

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