Protected Species in Conflict with Fisheries: The Interplay between European and National Regulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ring ◽  
Riku Variopuro ◽  
Randi Thum ◽  
Jukka Simila
Keyword(s):  
European Policy ◽  
European Level ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
Compensation Payments ◽  
Reconciliation Policies

AbstractSuccessful public conservation policies at various governmental levels have increased some populations of protected species to the extent that they are causing damage to human activities, like fisheries. As a reaction public authorities are developing biodiversity reconciliation policies. Finland and Germany have both created reconciliation policies for the conflicts between nature conservation and fisheries including a package of measures like management of population, support of technical measures and various types of compensation payments. All these measures are affected by European policy and law, though no special reconciliation policy has been adopted at European level. This article explores the options European regulation offers and the restrictions it imposes on Member States. Based on experiences with German and Finnish biodiversity reconciliation policies, the interrelationship between European and national regulation is elaborated, leading to suggestions for better coordination of reconciliation policies between different governmental levels.

European E-Health Framework

2013 ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Korinna Zoi Karamagkioli ◽  
Evika Karamagioli
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
European Policy ◽  
European Level ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
European Health

European health systems are under mounting pressure to respond to the challenges of population ageing, citizens’ rising expectations, migration, and mobility of patients and health professionals. New technologies have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and health systems and to contribute to their future sustainability. However the organizational and regulatory environment of e-health has not progressed as rapidly as technology both in national and European level. The key issue in the European sphere is whether and to what extent it interferes with public health policy and should be treated separately from the more “traditional” healthcare. The proposed chapter will define e-health from a European perspective, present the different steps of the European policy in the field, insist on the organizational and regulatory issues that arise and discuss drives and barriers towards achieving pan European “patient-friendly” healthcare services.

Side-streaming gender? The potential and pitfalls of the European ideology on mainstreaming gender issues

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-304
Author(s):  
Mia Latta
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
European Policy ◽  
European Level ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Internal Pressures

The aim is to reflect on some external and internal pressures and rationales at European level that influence the emphases and decision-making when designing equal opportunities policies - both within social partners' and other organisations. The emphasis is to critically analyse some of the potential dangers behind different interpretations of the concept of mainstreaming. Some of these potential pitfalls are best illustrated through analysis of recent (and shortly forthcoming) developments in three chosen example areas in European policy-making: the European Employment Guidelines; the European Works Councils; and the European Commission's forward strategies for equal opportunities (further divided into European Structural Funds and The Fourth Equal Opportunities Programme). The article also highlights the continued need for the positive action approach to equal opportunities between women and men, and the chapter focusing on scrutinising who the decision-makers actually are at European level serves to support this argument.

scholarly journals All by themselves? Legislative regions and the use of unmediated access to the European level

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Högenauer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
European Policy ◽  
European Level ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Regional Interest ◽  
Union Policy

Since the 1980s, the level of activism of regions in European Union policy-making has greatly increased, leading to the emergence of claims that regional governments can and do bypass national government in European negotiations. However, two decades after the emergence of the concept, the debate about the ability of regions to engage successfully in this process of continuous negotiation and to represent their interests on the European stage is ongoing. Due to the scarcity of research looking at regional interest representation in concrete cases of policy-making, it has been difficult to establish to what extent and under which circumstances regions do rely on unmediated channels of interest representation on the European level. This article examines these questions through the activities of seven legislative regions during two negotiations of European Directives, as legislative regions have a wider choice of channels of interest representation. Overall, extensive use of unmediated access in regulatory policy-making is rare and can best be explained with reference to domestic conflict and the level of influence of a region in domestic European policy-making. Differences in the size of a region also influence the ability of a region to represent its interests in the coordination of the national position and at the European level.

scholarly journals The Role of Citizen Science and Deep Learning in Camera Trapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10287
Author(s):  
Matyáš Adam ◽  
Pavel Tomášek ◽  
Jiří Lehejček ◽  
Jakub Trojan ◽  
Tomáš Jůnek
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
New Perspective

Camera traps are increasingly one of the fundamental pillars of environmental monitoring and management. Even outside the scientific community, thousands of camera traps in the hands of citizens may offer valuable data on terrestrial vertebrate fauna, bycatch data in particular, when guided according to already employed standards. This provides a promising setting for Citizen Science initiatives. Here, we suggest a possible pathway for isolated observations to be aggregated into a single database that respects the existing standards (with a proposed extension). Our approach aims to show a new perspective and to update the recent progress in engaging the enthusiasm of citizen scientists and in including machine learning processes into image classification in camera trap research. This approach (combining machine learning and the input from citizen scientists) may significantly assist in streamlining the processing of camera trap data while simultaneously raising public environmental awareness. We have thus developed a conceptual framework and analytical concept for a web-based camera trap database, incorporating the above-mentioned aspects that respect a combination of the roles of experts’ and citizens’ evaluations, the way of training a neural network and adding a taxon complexity index. This initiative could well serve scientists and the general public, as well as assisting public authorities to efficiently set spatially and temporarily well-targeted conservation policies.

A Concrete Challenge for Territorial Governance in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
Sara De Martino
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
European Policy ◽  
European Level ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

Since 2008, the year of the impact of the financial and economic crisis in Europe, many decisional processes have been subjected to a progressive re-nationalization tendency. The last reforms of EU Cohesion Policy have included some measures—the definition of the plans and the allocation process of the funds through national programmes and the thematic concentration—that are considered the expression of the centralization of powers and competencies that challenge the whole complex system of governance relations in Europe. These centralized trends impacted the territorial governance, the place-based approach to regional development, and the role of regions in policy making itself. This chapter aims to shed light on a specific historical period in which it has been experimented a declining support for territorial approaches in European policy making by presenting a complete definition of concept of territorial governance and by deeply discussing the theoretical framework in which regions have started to activate themselves and to participate to decisional processes at European level.

scholarly journals Philately’s Implications in Ecological Education via Romanian Thematic Joint Issues (VI) - Regarding the 4th Collaboration with WWF

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Bogdan-Vasile Cioruța ◽  
Alexandru Leonard Pop
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Habitat Conservation ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Ecological Education ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
The Rich

The last philatelic issue made by the Romanian postal administration in collaboration with WWF, published at the end of 2006, is the main subject of this study. As we have become accustomed to, WWF's interests in conserving endangered species are becoming better defined. This time the emphasis is on protecting birds, and among these, we are talking about the Eurasian spoonbill. The species itself is representative of the habitat of the Danube Delta, where it was also immortalized, and where the inspiration for the layout of the philatelic pieces came from. Moreover, through the rich philatelic material identified, analyzed, and presented, one can discuss the other philatelic effects. All these, through the beauty of the exhibition and the contribution brought among the collectors, philatelists, and implicitly of those who love nature, make the issue a successful one. The purpose of this study is to complete, by presenting the philatelic issue from 2006, the series of Romanian philatelic issues dedicated to the protection of various species. In this regard, besides the well-defined role in promoting protected species, was also discussed a little about the role of philately in educating the young generation, informing tourists, as well as in documenting habitat conservation policies and strategies.

The WTO – a driving force for the liberalisation of public services in the EU?

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Raza
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Eu

Liberalisation of public services can be implemented not only through autonomous legislative action by individual countries, but also as a consequence of obligations arising from membership of supranational or international organisations. This article analyses how the process of the commodification of services at the level of the WTO, i.e. via the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), interacts with the politics of trade and services liberalisation in the European Union. Thus, we highlight the specific role of services negotiations in the WTO for the political dynamics of liberalising public services in the EU. Our conclusions highlight three specific functions of the GATS agreement: first, it serves as an institutional mechanism to ‘lock-in’ liberalisations achieved at a national or European level, secondly, it exercises a disciplinary effect on national regulation, and, thirdly, it provides an additional platform for the application of forum-shifting in the politics of international trade.

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