scholarly journals In Writing and in Sound

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 433-474
Author(s):  
Sabiha Göloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Royal Women ◽  
Good Deeds

Abstract Copies of Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt (Proofs of Good Deeds) by the Moroccan Sufi saint Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (d. 870/1465) were in high demand in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. This required producing manuscripts in large numbers and, later, printing the text. These mostly lithographic copies and corpora of the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt, when combined with references to biographical dictionaries, inheritance records, inventories, library catalogues, and endowment deeds, reveal a great deal of information about the public and private prevalence of the text, within and beyond the empire. The Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt appealed to many individuals, from Ottoman sultans to royal women, and from madrasa students to members of the learned class. Its copies were endowed to mosques and libraries, held in different book collections of the Topkapi palace, and were available from booksellers. Be it silently or aloud, the Dalāʾil al-Khayrāt could be read in private homes and in mosques from Istanbul to Medina, a feature of pious soundscapes across the empire.

scholarly journals Nineteenth Century Public And Private Spheres

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
REMINA SIMA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Kate Chopin ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Charlotte Perkins Gilman ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The aim of this paper is to illustrate the public and private spheres. The former represents the area in which each of us carries out their daily activities, while the latter is mirrored by the home. Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman are two salient nineteenth-century writers who shape the everyday life of the historical period they lived in, within their literary works that shed light on the areas under discussion.

Financial Access to Care Does Not Guarantee Better Care for Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Kohrman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Care System

The thoughtful and cautionary pieces by Newacheck et al1 and Perrin et al2 remind us of how much we have achieved in piecing together care for vulnerable children, how far there is yet to go, and how the transition to the long-overdue health care reform might worsen, rather than improve our present arrangements. In the absence of a rational, planned care system for children, especially for those who are poor or who require extensive services, pediatricians and child advocates in both the public and private sectors have managed to cobble together at least the possibility of decent services for large numbers of children, with some payment to those who provide those services.

Reform and the Widening Muslim Sphere, 1800–1890

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Laffan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Form ◽  
Court Mandated ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Short Courses

This chapter discusses the rise, largely in the nineteenth century, of a new form of populist authority that expanded the scope of Islamic activity beyond the reach of ever more marginalized courts. Indonesian Islam, supported in some instances by a growing native economy, moves away from court-mandated orthodoxy towards a closer connection with Mecca and the Middle East mediated by independent teachers. In some instances, these independent religious masters were able to prosper and to adapt to new modes of Sufi organization that saw the adoption of the tariqas in favor in the Ottoman Empire. By the century's end, the Naqshbandis in particular were exploring new ways of broadening their constituencies. These included somewhat controversial short-courses of instruction and the dissemination of printed materials that were increasingly available to a pesantren-schooled section of the public.

Public-Private Symbiosis in Nashville Special Education

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Private School ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public

The conventional historiography describing a strict public-private divide in United States schooling is misleading. The standard story claims that public schooling was a fuzzy concept 200 years ago; the division between public and private education for children thus developed largely over the nineteenth century. In the early nineteenth century, public funds went to many private schools and even large private systems, such as the New York Public School Society. In some instances, public funds went to parochial education, either explicitly or as part of an arrangement to allow for diverse religious instruction using public funds. However, the nineteenth century witnessed growing division between public and private, largely excluding religious education (or at least non-Protestant religious education). By the end of the nineteenth century, the standard educational historiography suggests, public schools meant public in several senses: funded from the public coffers, open to the public in general, and controlled by a public, democratically controlled process. Tacit in that definition was a relatively rigid dividing line between public and private school organizations. Historians know that this implicit definition of “public” omits key facts. First, the governance of public schools became less tied to electoral politics during the Progressive Era. Public schooling in nineteenth-century cities generally meant large school boards, intimately connected with urban political machines. By the 1920s, many city school systems had smaller boards in a more corporate-like structure. The consolidation of small rural school districts in the first half of the twentieth century completed this removal of school governance from more local politics. A second problem with the definition above is unequal access to quality education (however defined). Historically, the acceptance of all students was true only in a limited sense, either in access to schools at all (with the exclusion of many children with disabilities) or, more generally, to the resources and curriculum involved in the best public schooling of the early twentieth century (as with racial segregation).

The rise and fall of the municipal art gallery movement? The public and private dimensions of local civic art

2018 ◽  
pp. 251-289
Author(s):  
James Moore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Art World ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
The Public

By 1914 most Lancashire towns, including many small towns, maintained an art gallery at municipal expense. The origins and practical purpose of these galleries were more diverse than one might imagine. Yet, by 1914, the Lancashire art world faced something of a crisis. The generation of great Lancastrian patrons seemed to be receding. Modern revisionist thinking viewed many of Lancashire’s Victorian public art collections as outdated. The grand galleries of the nineteenth century were expensive to maintain and often poorly attended. This final chapter examines the reasons for this crisis and the way some innovative thinkers attempted to respond.

The Ottoman Archives as a Source for the History of the Arab Lands

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Public And Private ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Archive Material

One of the classical difficulties of the student of the history of the Islamic Middle East, as contrasted with his colleagues in the European field, is the lack of archive material. While the western medievalist, for example, has at his disposal a mass of records, central and local, public and private, political, administrative, judicial, and ecclesiastical, the orientalist has to rely for the most part on literary and archæological sources. In many fields of history his findings are in consequence often vague and general; they are in the main limited to the public and external life of the communities and individuals he studies. Only the events and personalities important enough to achieve literary mention are known to him, and then only through the reflecting medium of literary sources. Even the great figures, with few exceptions, remain dim and formalized outlines, while for the life of the people he has to rely mainly on occasional hints and scraps of evidence. Large numbers of individual documents survive in isolation—some in the form of inscriptions, others quoted in the texts of the chronicles; but only for one period after the rise of Islam is any important body of original documents available—and the light they have shed on the period from which they derive has deepened the surrounding darkness. The Egyptian papyri of the early Islamic period have imposed a rewriting of much of the history of the early Caliphate, as recorded by the chroniclers and jurists. Yet even the papyri are not archives in the true sense of the word.

Knowledge and Social Networks in the Construction of Elite Lawyers in Venezuela

2010 ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Gňmez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Connections

This article describes the rise of Venezuelan lawyers as members of the country's intellectual and social leadership, and their notable influence throughout different historic periods, from their key contribution to the consolidation of the country's political and intellectual leadership during the nineteenth century, to their emergence as power brokers bridging the public and private sectors during the economic and social expansions that took place during most of the twentieth century. This work also explains how, in spite of the radical political transition that took place in the late 1990s and which led to the disappearance of the traditional elites, the new regime created the conditions for the emergence of new networks in similar fashion to the ones that existed in the past, revealing that regardless of which particular social group is in power personal connections remain vital in making the justice system work, and the presence of lawyers is very important.

scholarly journals Charles Darwin as a Celebrity

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Browne
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
Public Character ◽  
At Home

ArgumentSeveral recent works in sociology examine the manufacture of public identities through the notion of celebrity. This paper explores the imagery of Charles Darwin as a nineteenth-century scientific celebrity by comparing the public character deliberately manufactured by Darwin and his friends with images constructed by the public as represented here by caricatures in humorous magazines of the era. It is argued that Darwin’s outward persona drew on a subtle tension between public and private. The boundaries between public and private were blurred by the ritual of Darwin “showing” himself in the flesh, either at home to visitors or, more rarely, on public occasions. The reputation for privacy and illness that he built up added materially to this public face. By contrast, caricatures tended to depict him as an ape. These apish representations played a significant role in associating Darwin, rather than any other thinker, with the notion of evolution, and in creating an alternative public persona over which he had no direct control.

“You Have Votes and Power”: Women's Political Engagement with the Irish Question in Britain, 1919–23

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Moulton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Irish Question

AbstractThe Anglo-Irish War of 1919–21 spurred organized political activity among women in Britain, including former suffragists who campaigned against coercion in Ireland and members of the Irish minority in Britain who supported more radical republican efforts to achieve Irish independence. Their efforts are particularly significant because they occurred immediately after the granting of partial suffrage to women in 1918. This article argues that the advent of female suffrage changed the landscape of women's political mobilization in distinct ways that were made visible by advocacy on Ireland, including the regendering of the discourse of citizenship and the creation of new opportunities beyond the vote for women to exercise political power. At the same time, the use of women's auxiliary organizations and special meetings and the strategic blurring of the public and private spheres through the political use of domestic spaces all indicate the strength of continuities with nineteenth-century antecedents. The article further situates women's political advocacy on Ireland in an imperial and transnational context, arguing that it was part of the process of reconceptualizing Britain's postwar global role whether through outright anti-imperialism, in the case of Irish republicans, or through humanitarianism and the new internationalism, in the case of most former suffragists. Finally, the article examines the failure of these two groups of women to forge alliances with each other, underscoring the ways in which both class and nationality challenged a notional common interest based on sex.

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