Law, Compulsion and Community in Plato’s Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
John-Otto Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Ideal

This article examines Plato’s claim that the founders of the ideal city ought to establish a law compelling the philosophers to rule. This claim is perplexing as it seems to suggest that in the ideal city justice is not in the best interests of its possessor, for by obeying the law and ruling the philosopher will in turn be made very unhappy. Following a critical appraisal and ultimate rejection of a number of different attempts to make sense of this tension, this article advances a ‘communitarian’ interpretation. According to this interpretation, the existence of a law compelling the philosopher to rule is ultimately in her best interest because her ruling will lead to a well-educated and intellectually virtuous community. The existence of this virtuous community will, in turn, allow the philosopher better to achieve her principal goal—the attainment and preservation of truth.

scholarly journals The Sexual Orientation of a Parent as a Factor when Considering Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Chantelle Feldhaus
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
International Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

Section 28(2) of the Constitution states that a child's best interest is of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child.  Section 9 further provides that every person is considered equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law. Several grounds are listed relating to the unfair discrimination of persons, including their sexual orientation. The concept of care is incorporated in the Children's Act, and it entails a comprehensive description of parents' daily life regarding children and the powers and duties expected to ensure the general protection, well-being and best interests of the child. The aim of this contribution is to discuss the sexual orientation of a parent as a factor when considering care and the extent to which courts may give consideration to such a factor. The article will also address the question of whether or not the role of a parent's sexual orientation in determining the best interests of the child has changed since the common law concept of custody was replaced by the concept of care in the Children's Act. In this article, care and the best interests of the child will be discussed first. International law will be considered thereafter, followed by a discussion on the approach of our courts, pre- and post-1994, in order to come to a conclusion and make recommendations.

scholarly journals Fungsionalisasi dan Implikasi Asas Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum: Studi Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Tanjung Karang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-292
Author(s):  
Mashuril Anwar ◽  
M Ridho Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Children's Rights ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Best Interest Principle

The principle of best interest for children requires sanctions of deprivation of liberty as a last resort. Therefore, the principle of the best interests of children must be considered in the resolution of cases of children in conflict with the law. This article, which focuses on the decision of the Tanjung Karang High Court, discusses the functionalization of the best interests principle for children in conflict with the law and the implications of their application. This article concludes, judges in deciding cases of children in conflict with the law in general have not considered the principle of the best interests of the child. Of the 22 cases of children in conflict with the law at the Tanjung Karang High Court, only three decisions that can be categorized have considered the principle of the best interests of the child. Of the three decisions, two were sentenced not prison and one sentenced to prison. The application of the best interest principle for children in conflict with the law can have both positive and negative implications. It has positive implications, especially for offenders, because it protects children’s rights and reduces the burden of court cases and correctional institutions. But it can also have negative implications, because it is feared not to provide a deterrent effect and invite negative public perceptions of the judiciary. Abstrak Asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak menghendaki sanksi perampasan kemerdekaan sebagai upaya terakhir. Oleh karenanya, asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak harus menjadi pertimbangan dalam penyelesaian perkara anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Artikel ini, yang berfokus pada putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Tanjung Karang, membahas fungsionalisasi asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dan implikasi penerapannya. Artikel ini menyimpulkan, hakim dalam memutus perkara anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum pada umumnya belum mempertimbangkan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Dari 22 perkara anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum pada Pengadilan Tinggi Tanjung Karang, hanya tiga putusan yang dapat dikategorikan telah mempertimbangkan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Dari tiga putusan tersebut, dua divonis bukan penjara dan satu divonis penjara. Penerapan asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum bisa berimplikasi positif sekaligus negatif. Ia berimplikasi positif terutama bagi pembuat delik, karena melindungi hak-hak anak dan mengurangi beban perkara pengadilan dan lembaga pemasyarakatan. Namun ia juga bisa berimplikasi negatif, karena dikhawatirkan tidak memberikan efek jera dan mengundang persepsi negatif masyarakat terhadap lembaga peradilan.

scholarly journals RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK / Restorative Justice In Juvenile Justice System

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Randy Pradityo
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law

Anak sebagai generasi penerus bangsa sudah selayaknya mendapatkan perhatian khusus. Hal tersebut bertujuan dalam rangka pembinaan anak untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Maka dari itu, diperlukan pula sarana dan prasarana hukum yang mengantisipasi segala permasalahan yang timbul. Sarana hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi stigma atau cap jahat yang ditimbulkan ketika anak berhadapan dengan hukum, sekaligus memulihkan dan memasyarakatkan kembali anak tersebut. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan mengalihkan atau menempatkan pelaku tindak pidana anak keluar dari sistem peradilan pidana serta memberikan alternatif bagi penyelesaian dengan pendekatan keadilan demi kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, yang kemudian dikenal dengan pendekatan restorative justice. Restorative justice yang merupakan implementasi konsep dari diversi telah dirumuskan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak, namun sistem yang baik haruslah diiringi dengan suatu sikap yang dijiwai kehendak untuk memandang dan berkeyakinan bahwa dunia ini selalu menjadi lebih baik. Selain itu, hendaknya prinsip the best interest of the children selalu diutamakan ketika menangani anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Children as the nation's next generation is already deserve special attention. It aims in order to develop the child to realize the quality of human resources. Therefore, it is also necessary legal infrastructure to anticipate any problems that arise. The legal means to anticipate stigma or stamp evil inflicted when the child against the law, as well as restoring and re-socialize the child. One solution is to divert or placing the offender children out of the criminal justice system as well as providing an alternative to the settlement with justice approach in the best interests of the child, who was then known as restorative justice approach. Restorative justice which is the implementation of the concept of diversion has been formulated in the juvenile justice system, but a good system must be accompanied by an attitude which is imbued with the will to perceive and believe that this world is always getting better. In addition, should the principle of the best interest of the children always come first when dealing with children in conflict with the law.

Marx and the “law of value”: Critical appraisal on the occasion of his 200th birth anniversary

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Transformation Problem ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law

The paper celebrates Karl Marx’ 200th birthday in terms of a critical discussion of the “law of value” and the idea that “abstract labour”, and not any use value, is the common third of any two commodities that exchange for one another in a given proportion. It is argued that this view is difficult to sustain. It is also the source of the wretched and unnecessary “transformation problem”. Ironically, as Piero Sraffa has shown, prices of production and the general rate of profits are fully determined in terms of the same set of data from which Marx started his analysis.

Opinions Regarding the Principle of Promoting with Priority the Superior Interest of the Child in the Regulation of Law No. 272/2004 and the Romanian Civil Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici ◽  
Andrei Murgu ◽  
Teodor Bodoașcă
Keyword(s):  
Children's Rights ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Regulation Of Law

SummaryThe study is devoted mainly to the logical-legal analysis of the provisions of art. 2 of Law no. 272/2004 on the promotion and protection of children’s rights, as well as art. 263 of the Civil Code, which establish the main normative solutions regarding the “priority promotion of the principle of the best interests of the child”. Although the phrase “the best interests of the child” is used in the construction of many rules of Law no. 272/2004, the Civil Code and other normative acts, the legislator refrained from establishing its significance, leaving this approach to the doctrine. The proposed study is intended to be a contribution to achieving this goal. We were also concerned with the identification of normative inaccuracies and the substantiation of pertinent proposals of lege ferenda for the improvement of the regulations regarding the principle of promoting with priority the principle of the best interest of the child.

scholarly journals Do Parents Know Best?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-631
Author(s):  
John Eekelaar
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Law ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
Best Interests Standard ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
Children's Interests

Abstract While Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to respect parents’ responsibilities to provide ‘appropriate’ direction and guidance to their children, Article 18 also proclaims that ‘the best interests of the child will be [the parents’] basic concern’. But how can this be done if, as is widely accepted, the “best interests” standard is too indeterminate safely to allow courts to substitute their assessment of children’s interests for those of a child’s parents? This reason for privatising such decisions has been reinforced by concerns over the extent of public expenditure on court involvement in and legal aid for such issues, with the possible result of withdrawal of the law from this process. This article argues that there are inherent risks in leaving the arrangements for children of separating parents entirely in the hands of the parents, and considers various ways in which such risks might be reduced.

Season 3: Product Governance. Rethinking Retail Customer Protection in the EU Insurance Market

Global Jurist ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Velliscig
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Market ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Convergence Of Solutions ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe regulation of all traditional branches - banking, securities and insurance - of financial law is going through a change in retail customer protection: in this area of the law, an eventual convergence of solutions in client protection initiatives may be found. In a context oriented towards acting in accordance with the best interest of customers, EU legislator currently seeks a new “frontier” in the protection of retail customers and tends to develop new tools and strategies in addition to the disclosure of information and conduct of business rules, in order to remove potentially detrimental products from the market. This contribution examines the “product oversight and governance” principle intended to remedy problems associated with products misselling. In the details, this trend is analyzed with reference to the upcoming insurance distribution directive.

Pola Penyelesaian Sengketa Waralaba Produk Teh Poci Di Ponorogo

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Haris Djayadi
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Complaint Handling ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of this study is first to find out the pattern of dispute resolution in the franchise practice of Teh Poci, the second is to describe what the ideal pattern should be. In accordance with the characteristics of the existing problems, the most relevant form of approach to analyzing the above problems is empirical legal research. This research sees law as a reality in society, meaning how the law is practiced. The settlement of default on the agreement in the Tea Poci product franchise business in Ponorogo is the cancellation of the contract as a result of default and is settled on the principle of peace, namely by consulting and negotiation techniques. Ideally, under such a mechanism the franchisor should develop an internal procedure for handling complaints. However, this procedure is not stipulated in the franchise agreement and meets certain minimum standards. This standard should provide a procedure for resolving disputes. If a dispute arises, either party can initiate a complaint handling procedure under the Code of Conduct, or under a franchise agreement.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pertama untuk mengetahui pola penyelesaian sengketa dalam praktek waralaba Teh Poci, kedua untuk mendeskripsikan pola yang ideal yang seharusnya. Sesuai dengan karakteristik permasalahan yang ada, bentuk pendekatan yang paling relevan untuk menganalisis permasalahan di atas adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Penelitian ini melihat hukum sebagai realitas dalam masyarakat, artinya bagaimana hukum itu dipraktikkan. Penyelesaian wanprestasi atas kesepakatan dalam usaha waralaba produk Teh Poci di Ponorogo adalah batalnya akad akibat wanprestasi dan diselesaikan dengan prinsip damai yaitu dengan teknik konsultasi dan negosiasi. Idealnya, di bawah mekanisme seperti itu pemilik waralaba harus mengembangkan prosedur internal untuk menangani keluhan. Namun, prosedur ini tidak diatur dalam perjanjian waralaba dan memenuhi standar minimum tertentu. Standar ini harus menyediakan prosedur untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan. Jika timbul perselisihan, salah satu pihak dapat memulai prosedur penanganan keluhan berdasarkan Kode Etik, atau berdasarkan perjanjian waralaba.

Equal Rights and Unequal People

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

Though Americans have favored the idea of equal rights and equal opportunity, they recognize that differences in wealth and social advantage, like differences in ability and appearance, influence the realization, or not, of equal rights, including equality before the law. In the generations after 1776 the rights of creditors, for example, often overrode the rights of debtors. And criminal trials demonstrate that in courtrooms equal treatment was most often achieved when defendant and victim came from the same social class. Otherwise if they came from different classes social realities, including ethnicity, color, and gender could shape court officials and public opinion. And when a woman’s sexual virtue was compromised, her credibility was almost always discounted. In principle officials paid homage to the ideal of equality before the law, but in practice unequal rights often prevailed.

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