How Does Toddlers’ Engagement in Literacy Activities Influence Their Language Abilities?

The most intensive period of language development is during the first years of life, during which the brain is developing rapidly. Research has shown that children from disadvantaged households who received high-quality stimulation at a young age grew into adults who earned an average of 25% more than those who did not receive these interventions. In addition, it has been suggested that children who show a greater interest in literacy-related activities and voluntarily engage in them are likely to become better readers than children with less interest in literacy. These children’s factors, along with their engagement in literacy activities, are important components in children’s early literacy experiences and may affect their early language development. In this study, we examined associations among maternal education, home literacy environment (HLE), children’s interest and engagement in literacy activities, and language development of 44 toddlers aged between 20 and 36 months. Overall, results showed that only children’s engagement in literacy activities was related to vocabulary and morphosyntactic skills, whereas maternal education, HLE, and children’s interests were not. These results suggest that taking advantage of individual children’s interests by planning activities in which children are fully engaged, may be effective strategies for promoting children’s oral language development.

Taming the Wild West: a Framework for Regulating and Applying Broadcasting Standards to Internet Content in New Zealand

<p>The role of the Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) is to determine the areas where, and the extent to which, television and radio broadcasters' right to freedom of expression should give way to other interests that are highly valued in society. The BSA does this by applying the Codes of Broadcasting Practice, which contain standards relating to things such as good taste and decency, balance and accuracy in news and factual programmes, privacy and children's interests. Due to a combination of media convergence onto the Internet and outdated legislation, the BSA is finding itself caught in a techno-legal time gap, where it has no ability to deal with programming content provided by broadcasters via the Internet. In the not-too-distant future, the Internet will become the dominant platform of choice, both for broadcasters to provide programming content and for consumers to receive it. This dissertation examines the impact that the Internet has had on the modern media environment and the problems raised by the BSA's lack of jurisdiction to deal with programming content located on the websites of New Zealand-based broadcasters. To ensure that the BSA and the broadcasting standards regime in general does not become obsolete, this paper advocates for the BSA to be given express statutory jurisdiction to deal with complaints concerning programming content on New Zealand-based websites operated by Internet broadcasters.</p>

Taming the Wild West: a Framework for Regulating and Applying Broadcasting Standards to Internet Content in New Zealand

<p>The role of the Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) is to determine the areas where, and the extent to which, television and radio broadcasters' right to freedom of expression should give way to other interests that are highly valued in society. The BSA does this by applying the Codes of Broadcasting Practice, which contain standards relating to things such as good taste and decency, balance and accuracy in news and factual programmes, privacy and children's interests. Due to a combination of media convergence onto the Internet and outdated legislation, the BSA is finding itself caught in a techno-legal time gap, where it has no ability to deal with programming content provided by broadcasters via the Internet. In the not-too-distant future, the Internet will become the dominant platform of choice, both for broadcasters to provide programming content and for consumers to receive it. This dissertation examines the impact that the Internet has had on the modern media environment and the problems raised by the BSA's lack of jurisdiction to deal with programming content located on the websites of New Zealand-based broadcasters. To ensure that the BSA and the broadcasting standards regime in general does not become obsolete, this paper advocates for the BSA to be given express statutory jurisdiction to deal with complaints concerning programming content on New Zealand-based websites operated by Internet broadcasters.</p>

ENRICHING VOCABULARY WITH ADJECTIVES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ READING LITERACY

The trend observed in the education system is that pupils often spend their free time using mobile phones or computers for entertainment. As a result, pupils have a rather modest vocabulary, which poses a problem to formulate and express their thoughts in the learning process, to describe the central thesis in more detail, for example, using adjectives.The research aim is to determine the methods used in teaching adjectives and their usefulness in the Latvian language class in order to improve pupils’ reading literacy. The research methods include analysis of corresponding theoretical and methodological literature, a teacher survey, and processing and interpretation of the data obtained. The most appropriate methods for teaching the topic “Adjective”, according to the teachers, are the explanatory illustrating and reproductive method; whereas the documents studied concerning the introduction of competency-based education recommend mainly the heuristic and research method, and this creates a relative mutual discrepancy. To promote the pupils’ reading literacy, teachers need to explore the children’s interests and use them as the basis for creating methodological materials about adjectives which correspond to modern reality and are fascinating and interesting to pupils. Such an approach would motivate pupils to appreciate the importance of using adjectives in everyday life. In the Latvian language class, when teaching the topic “Adjective”, teachers need to try and work as counsellors, gradually guiding their pupils to achieving the goal by noticing different patterns for adjectives, like competency-based education provides.

Interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses in criminal proceedings: Current state and prospects for improvement

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the procedure for obtaining information provided by minors and juvenile witnesses during interrogation regarding the circumstances known to them in criminal proceedings at the litigation stage, while ensuring the best respect for the children's interests. The authors employed philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods of cognition, which allowed conducting a detailed analysis of the procedure for interrogating minor and juvenile witnesses at the litigation stage. To develop scientific proposals for improving the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during the litigation, the study defined the principles of child-friendly justice that must be observed during this procedural action, as well as the guarantees stipulated by the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and aimed at implementing international standards for ensuring the rights of minors in criminal proceedings. The authors of this study state that the legislative definition of requirements imposed separately on the teacher, psychologist, and doctor involved in the interrogation of minor or juvenile witnesses, as well as the procedure for involving such persons by the court and the pre-trial investigation body, would considerably improve the quality of the required aid to minor witnesses and would meet international standards. The study analyses the international practices concerning the introduction of the institution of representation in the litigation of pre-recorded testimony of minors and juvenile witnesses. The authors established that the introduction of such an institution is absolutely justified and will have an exceptionally positive effect both for minor and juvenile witnesses, as well as for the process of proof, and can be implemented in Ukrainian legislation. Scientific proposals have been developed to improve the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during court proceedings

Dramatic play as a means to explore and support preschool children’s thinking about thermal insulation

Research in young children’s ideas, representations, and pre-conceptions about the natural and technical world has a long history. Most of the studies in the field have used individual, semi-structured interviews as a methodological technique to generate and collect empirical data. However, less is known about how tracing procedures can come in line and be incorporated into everyday educational reality in early childhood settings in a way that reflects young children’s interests and needs. The present study uses dramatic play to trace young children’s thinking in science and advance their science learning experiences. The study focuses on a science concept young children are familiar with in everyday life though has not been thoroughly studied in the literature yet: thermal insulation. Empirical data from 6 preschoolers in Greece are presented. Qualitative data were collected through recordings of children’s dialogues, children’s drawings, field notes from the early childhood teachers, and photographs. The findings revealed that during their dramatic play children a) developed basic argumentation to express their thinking about the phenomenon; b) related the phenomenon with the thermal condition and changes in temperature; c) identified materials and objects with insulating properties and distinguish them from others with non-insulating properties, and d) came to the conclusion that the use of amplified insulation materials can lead to better insulation results. The outcomes of the study add to the research methodology in early childhood science education and inform practice providing a pedagogical framework that balances between play-based pedagogies and advanced learning outcomes in science for young learners.

Emergent Curriculum in the Form of Creative Class in Kindergarten

The implementation of an emergent curriculum that is developed spontaneously based on children's interests needs to be balanced by a creative class so that learning in class will be very fun for children. This study aims to analyze the potential for implementing an emergent curriculum based on creative classes in kindergarten. This type of research is a qualitative case study approach with data sources derived from observations, interviews, and documentation. The unit of analysis in this study were teachers, principals, and children with a total of 210 people. The data analysis used adopted the Miles and Huberman analysis model which was carried out in four steps, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification or concluding. The results showed that the emergent curriculum based on creative classes in terms of indoor classes was found not to be dynamic, conducive, and ideal to be able to increase children's creativity, but the institution had used the area learning model but it was not optimal in its realization. While the outdoor class has been done neatly and beautifully, but the children have not been well organized when playing in the schoolyard, even though the development of children outdoors is good stimulation for children so that they can be stimulated in various conditions while in kindergarten institutions. -child. In addition, the classroom atmosphere has not been developed creatively and imaginatively even though many parts of the class can be maximized, such as walls being used to periodically display children's works. For this reason, principals and teachers need to be given self-development in the field of the creative classroom-based emergent curriculum so that principals and teachers can carry out the learning process in a spontaneous atmosphere but still on target and according to the interests of the child's potential.

Sistem Konten Pembelajaran di Indonesia : Systematic Literature Review

Wikipedia is the largest web-based digital encyclopedia today that contains almost all knowledge in general. On Wikipedia many readers have difficulty finding accurate information about the topic they are looking for, as content on Wikipedia usually contains only an overview of the topic referenced from some existing references. This study aims to examine Wikipedia, other encyclopedias and other online media that contain specific topics with their target users. The study was conducted on literature related to Wikipedia, encyclopedias, education and children's interests, especially at the elementary school level. Literature search is done by including some of the main keywords in Google Scholar such as "Wikipedia", "encyclopedia", "elementary school curriculum", "educational content" and "learning media". Literature is also obtained through the official website of the Ministry of Education and Culture which contains elementary and junior high school education standards, educational assessment standards, and literacy and numeration learning modules at elementary level. The results of literature analysis include 4 classifications based on topics, namely evaluation of usage, content, online learning and media. Based on the results of the analysis found that there has not been much research on the digital encyclopedia for education.

MELATIH KECERDASAN MATEMATIS LOGIS ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN FUN COOKING DI SD NU METRO LAMPUNG

This research was motivated by curiosity in terms of developing logical mathematical intelligence in first grade students at SD NU Metro Lampung. This research focused on Fun Cooking activities which aim to develop children's interests and talents. This study uses critical analysis method, so this study is descriptive qualitative analysis to become a learning innovation in students development at mathematical intelligence. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the first grade students at SD NU are very enthusiastic in participating in Fun Cooking activities. Through several processes, stages and explanations conveyed by the teacher, it turns out that the development of children's logical mathematical intelligence, in first grade students is very efficient and it can be seen that children are able to understand various types of staple food ingredients, dosages in making dough, children are able to understand numbers, understand the duration of time to bake cakes, be creative in printing and make innovations on pizza, understand geometric shapes, for example round, square, triangle, and so on. Keywords: Fun Cooking, Mathematical Intelligence, Interests and Talents

Children's perspectives on outdoor play programs in childcare centre playgrounds: are early childhood educators listening?

Outdoor programs are part of children’s everyday experiences in childcare centres. However, there is a lack of research that explores children’s viewpoints on their outdoor programs in childcare centres. This qualitative study examined children’s perspectives using the Mosaic approach. In addition, the early childhood educators (ECEs) were interviewed to investigate how they learn about and support children’s interests. Findings indicate that using the Mosaic approach can contribute to a more holistic understanding of children’s perspectives of their outdoor play programs. Findings also indicate that ECEs use observation and communication to learn about children’s interests. The ECEs also stated that they support children’s interests during their outdoor programs through verbal support and modelling, changing and expanding activities, and preparing various activities and materials for the children. Discussion on the findings explores multiple methods for tapping children’s perspectives, implications for teacher practices, and direction for future research.