Society in Qatar before the Oil Industry in Light of Archaeological Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Moain Sadeq
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Communal Identity ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The archaeological excavations conducted within Qatar have revealed remains of a series of towns and villages dated to the pre-oil industrial era, particularly from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th centuries (Guérin & al-Na‘imi 2008; Hardy-Guilbert 1998). Particularly important sources for our study are the major archaeological site of al-Zubarah, which was inscribed in the unesco World Heritage sites in 2013, and the site of Ra’s ‘Ushayrig and its adjacent human settlements, such as al-Ruwaydah and al-Burayqa. The archaeological record of the uncovered architecture and material culture (e.g., vessels and tools) is a primary source for understanding and reconstructing Qatar micro history and communal identity of Qatar during this period. In light of archaeological evidence, this paper endeavors to discuss the characteristics of the Qatari communal identity before the oil industrial era, focusing particularly on the period from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century.

Slaves without Shackles: An Archaeology of Everyday Life on Gorée Island, Senegal

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Thiaw
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
Changing Patterns

This chapter examines how slavery was imprinted on material culture and settlement at Gorée Island. It evaluates the changing patterns of settlement, access to materials, and emerging novel tastes to gain insights into everyday life and cultural interactions on the island. By the eighteenth century, Gorée grew rapidly as an urban settlement with a heterogeneous population including free and enslaved Africans as well as different European identities. Interaction between these different identities was punctuated with intense negotiations resulting in the emergence of a truly transnational community. While these significant changes were noted in the settlement pattern and material culture recovered, the issue of slavery — critical to most oral and documentary narratives about the island — remains relatively opaque in the archaeological record. Despite this, the chapter attempts to tease out from available documentary and archaeological evidence some illumination on interaction between the different communities on the island, including indigenous slaves.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Cultural Heritage in Conflict Zones: Should Palmyra be Rebuilt?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour A. Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Museum Staff

Cultural heritage has fallen under the threat of being of damaged and/or erased due to armed conflicts, and destruction has increasingly become a major part of daily news all over the world. The destruction of cultural heritage has escalated in Syria as the ongoing armed conflict has spread to World Heritage Sites, such as Palmyra and the old city of Aleppo. The devastation of Syria’s war has deliberately and systematically targeted archaeological monuments dating from the prehistoric, Byzantine, Roman, and Islamic periods, with no distinction being made of the cultural, historical, and socio-economic significance of such sites. The violence of this conflict is not, of course, limited to the destruction of cultural property, and has first and foremost served to introduce non-state radical actors, such as Daesh, who targeted local people, archaeological site, museum staff and facilities. The destruction and re-purposing of monuments in Syria, such as Daesh’s attempts to turn churches into mosques, are heavy-handed attempts to re-write history by erasing physical evidence. In this paper, I explore the semantics of continuous attempts to reconstruct cultural heritage sites, destroyed by Daesh, during the ongoing war, and how the destruction and reconstruction of Syria’s heritage have been deployed to serve political agendas.

scholarly journals Archaeological site of Bolnica in Paracin and its importance for the prehistory of the Central Morava Region: A contribution in chronology and horizontal and vertical stratigraphy

Starinar ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
Vojislav Filipovic ◽  
Ognjen Mladenovic ◽  
Vesna Vuckovic
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Glass Factory ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Morava River ◽  
The Right ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Construction Works

The paper presents the horizontal and vertical stratigraphy of the site of Bolnica in Paracin, based on both earlier and the latest archaeological excavations and the material which had been collected for decades by the Hometown Museum in Paracin, as a result of the construction works connected with the constant urbanisation of the area. The presented archaeological material is attributed to a period from the Early Neolithic to the so-called Dacian La T?ne, meaning the 2nd century AD. One of the subjects discussed in this paper is the possibility that the sites of Bolnica and Motel Slatina, in fact, represent one large site, which was artificially divided by the E 75 highway and the Serbian Glass Factory. The comparative analysis, which encompassed the sites positioned on the right bank of the Velika Morava River, showed that this is one of the sites with the most independent chronological sequences in the Central Morava Region. Likewise, the importance of this site as a strategic point and an important intersection on the route from the Danube River to the Central Balkans, and further towards the south and east is underlined. Finally, we analysed the appearance of Dacian material culture during the 1st and the 2nd century AD and compared the occurrence of certain forms and decorations with relevant sites in present-day Romania. The paper cautiously suggests that the Dacian material culture represents traces of the deportation of 100,000 Transdanubians to the territory of Moesia by the legate Silvanus Aelianus, possibly between 61 AD and 64 AD, during the reign of Emperor Nero, which has been partially confirmed by new archaeological excavations at the site of Glozdak-Lidl during 2018.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF TOURISM ENHANCEMENT OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE ENSEMBLE OF APOSTOLIC CHURCHES OF ARMENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
A. Sanasaryan ◽  
M. J. Viñals
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Among thousands of UNESCO World Heritage Sites around the world, three groups belong to the Republic of Armenia; Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots (2000), Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin (1996, 2000), and Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley (2000). All of them are distinctive representatives of Armenian Apostolic Church. Their uniqueness lies in their historical origin (dating back to the 4th century), singular architectural style and their ability to provide spiritual support to Armenians from ancient times. Almost all of them are still used for their original (religious) purpose. Nevertheless, in some cases poor public visitation is observed. Being the first example of this kind of research in Armenia, the objective of this study is to analyse and make a diagnosis of the current condition of the sites regarding the public visitation and tourism uses, as well as to propose heritage enhancement tools to improve the physical and intellectual access to them. The methodology includes the combination of observational fieldwork, revision of scientific bibliography, as well as preparation of a complete heritage inventory of these sites. Assessments are performed both from the tourism point of view and for the intrinsic values of these monuments, following technical criteria. The results of this study attest to the tourism potential of those churches. Particularly, the Monastery of Geghard and the Cathedral of Echmiatsin are unique and of significant importance due to their accessibility, good conservation conditions and attractiveness.

scholarly journals Gerda von Bülow, Sofija Petković (eds), Gamzigrad-Studien I. Ergebnisse der deutschserbischen Forschungen im Umfeld des Palastes Romuliana. Römisch-Germanischen Forschungen, Band 75, Wiesbaden 2020, Reihert Verlag

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Alfred Twardecki
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Late Roman Period ◽  
A Site

As the title suggests, this work is only first volume of the final publication of German-Serbian excavations at Gamzigrad in the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia. It is very important archaeological site, one of Serbia’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites.1 The ruins itself were well known and have been excavated since 1953 by Serbian archaeologists as well as being mentioned in several publications previously (Herder 1846 [first mention]: 20–21; Kanitz 1861: 8–9; Breithaupt 1861 and few mentions in Serbian literature, Serbian excavations: Vasič 2007 and Żivić 2011). However, it was not until the 1980s that an inscription was found during excavations that allowed for final identification (Srejović 1985).The archaeological site is located south of the Danube River, near the present city of Zaječar. Its unique position on the map of archaeological sites in Europe is a consequence of being the location of the complex including palace and temples called Felix Romuliana built by the emperor Galerius (Caesar during first tetrarchy, 293–305 AD, and Augustus in the second – 305–311 AD) in the ancient province of Dacia Ripensis. The whole area of this complex covers about 40,000 m2 and was thus clearly a site of some importance especially in the late Roman period.

scholarly journals The Changing Policies on the Protection and Management of Archaeological Sites in Turkey: an Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Eres
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The earliest legislation in Turkey on the protection of antiquities was devised by the Ottomans, the forerunner of modern Turkey, issued in 1869 specifically to protect archaeological sites and regulate the archaeological excavations that were taking place in various parts of the Empire. The Ottoman antiquities law continued to be in force after the foundation of the Turkish republic, and revised as late as 1973 to accord with approaches that took place in Europe. The main concern of the legislation was to establish rigid control over archaeological excavations, discouraging new projects, thus hindering the availability of new data on cultural history. It was only in the late 1990s that the government decided on a new policy to encourage tourism by encouraging new tourist routes based on coastal areas and selected ancient ruins, such as Ephesus and Pergamon. This new approach opened up fresh pathways; a concern about cultural assets, among them archaeological sites that had been overlooked. Meanwhile, priority was given to enrich Turkey's place in the UNESCO World Heritage List by proposing archaeological sites that can readily fulfil UNESCO's requirements. Thus, currently 13 out of 18 World Heritage Sites in Turkey are archaeological.

scholarly journals Melite Civitas Romana in 3D: Virtualization Project of the Archaeological Park and Museum of the Domus Romana of Rabat, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
Davide Tanasi ◽  
Stephan Hassam ◽  
Kaitlyn Kingsland ◽  
Paolo Trapani ◽  
Matthew King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Current State ◽  
Structured Light Scanning ◽  
The University ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Abstract The archaeological site of the Domus Romana in Rabat, Malta was excavated almost 100 years ago yielding artefacts from the various phases of the site. The Melite Civitas Romana project was designed to investigate the domus, which may have been the home of a Roman Senator, and its many phases of use. Pending planned archaeological excavations designed to investigate the various phases of the site, a team from the Institute for Digital Exploration from the University of South Florida carried out a digitization campaign in the summer of 2019 using terrestrial laser scanning and aerial digital photogrammetry to document the current state of the site to provide a baseline of documentation and plan the coming excavations. In parallel, structured light scanning and photogrammetry were used to digitize 128 artefacts in the museum of the Domus Romana to aid in off-site research and create a virtual museum platform for global dissemination.

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