scholarly journals The Syair of Minye Tujuh

2008 ◽  
Vol 163 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 356-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
State Of Affairs

The allegedly satisfactory state of affairs suggested by the above quotation relates to one of the most intriguing inscriptions of the Indonesian archipelago, the Malay poem on one of the two tombstones (nisan) of a princess in Minye Tujuh, Aceh. This inscription, dated 781 AH (1380 AD), is written not in the usual Arabic script but in so-called Old Sumatran characters. The particular style which caught the attention of the Dutch epigrapher J.G. de Casparis and which made the inscription so difficult to read refers to the influence of the Arabic script on these old characters. Looking for an explanation of this influence, De Casparis (1975:58-9) suggests that it may have been a matter of training: the Arabic script must have been the most familiar type of script for the clerk charged with the reproduction of the text in stone in old characters.

scholarly journals A Praxeological Approach to Intentional Action

Studia Humana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-33
Author(s):  
Alan G. Futerman ◽  
Walter E. Block
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Ludwig Von Mises ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Von Mises

Abstract The concept of Intentional Action is at the core of Praxeology, as developed by the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises. Under this unique approach, defined as the science of human action and designed to study the field of the social sciences, Mises create “action axiom”: the contention that every acting man more satisfactory state of affairs for a Austrian scholar is able to derive the fundament human action; such as value, scale of value, scarcity, abundance, profit, loss, uncertainty and causality, among others. This paper intends to present the praxeological perspective on intentional action and its epistemologic implications; it also attempts to answer objections to this thesis.

scholarly journals TULISAN ARAB: PEMBINA TAMADUN ISLAM DI NUSANTARA

Siddhayatra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Taeyoung Cho
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Local Languages

This paper describes the role of Arabic script on a view of establishing Islamic civilization in Indonesian archipelago. Arabic script, apart from a tool for writing, its characteristic is so intensive to symbolize Islamic civilization. The arrival of Islamic civilization into the archipelago has not only spread the religion, but also influenced the change of social system in which Arabic script wrote the various spheres of Islamic civilization and transferred them into the local communities. The appearance of variant graphemes into the Arabic- based local scripts (Jawi, Pégon, Sérang, and Buri Wolio) is a result from the modification of Arabic script to the local languages for transmitting the elements of Islamic civilization to the contexts of local communities. In other words, Arabic script shifted Indonesian archipelago from the age of Jahiliah to the age of Islamic civilization.

scholarly journals Ludwig von Mises’s Praxeology as the Foundation of Christian Economic Personalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Jacek Gniadek SVD
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
Mechanical Elements ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Von Mises

Abstract What can an economist and agnostic tell a theologian about man? In contrast to mainstream economics, which today dominate all universities in the world, Ludwig von Mises (+1973) is interested in real man in action, not a fictitious homo oeconomicus. At one time Gregory M. A. Gronbacher (1998), an American philosopher, proposed a synthesis of Christian personalism with the free market economy developed by the Austrian School of Economics. His idea prompted me to use Mises’s praxeology to understand and describe human action in the socio-economic sphere from the perspective of Catholic Social Teaching. At that time I understood how important were economic laws for the proper moral evaluation of human action. Mises in his treaty on economics Human Action developed his own anthropological concept of man. The Austrian economist never used the expression “person” to describe and analyze human action, but analyzing his economic system I was able to discover that he did not understand the free market economy as an abstract being composed of mechanical elements. According to him, the prerequisite for human activity is the desire to replace a less satisfactory state of affairs with a more satisfying one. Mises’s man is guided by his own scale of values and builds it up on the basis of a goal he freely chooses. Mises also takes into account that the market is only a part of reality and human activity.

The Asylum at Pau, a Self-supporting Public Asylum

1900 ◽  
Vol 46 (194) ◽  
pp. 444-456
Author(s):  
A. R. Whiteway
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Medical Superintendent ◽  
Object Lesson ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
First Time

The Asile St. Luc at Pau is indeed an Institution which deserves to have its story told. Through the kindness of the authorities this story is now for the first time made public. It is in effect that, starting with a capital of £12,000 and a small farm of some twenty acres, a nearly perfect asylum with 900 inmates and a staff of over 100 assistants has been built up by degrees, now not only self-supporting but last year showing a profit of £2000, spent mostly in structural improvements and additions and in the purchase of adjoining land. The Medical Superintendent has a free hand, being responsible only to the Conseil-Général of the Department, who, as they find him no funds, merely exercise a benevolent supervision. How such a satisfactory state of affairs has been brought about it is the purpose of the present article to briefly indicate, by way of an object lesson in asylum management.

scholarly journals The Measurement of Statistical Evidence as the Basis for Statistical Reasoning

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Michael Evans
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
State Of Affairs

There are various approaches to the problem of how one is supposed to conduct a statistical analysis. Different analyses can lead to contradictory conclusions in some problems so this is not a satisfactory state of affairs. It seems that all approaches make reference to the evidence in the data concerning questions of interest as a justification for the methodology employed. It is fair to say, however, that none of the most commonly used methodologies is absolutely explicit about how statistical evidence is to be characterized and measured. We will discuss the general problem of statistical reasoning and the development of a theory for this that is based on being precise about statistical evidence. This will be shown to lead to the resolution of a number of problems.

Core Approximations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Dyall ◽  
Knut Faegri
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Core Potential ◽  
The Core ◽  
Schmidt Orthogonalization ◽  
Core Approximation ◽  
Molecular Potential Energy ◽  
Satisfactory State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Nonrelativistic Calculation

When we think of chemical bonding, we usually think only of the valence orbitals. It is these orbitals that form bonds, and the core orbitals are not involved in the chemistry. To be sure, this is only a qualitative picture, but it raises the question of whether we really need to consider the core orbitals in our calculations. For heavy elements, the number of core orbitals is not small. An element such as platinum, from the third transition series, has 30 orbitals in the first four shells that could be classed as core orbitals. If these remain essentially atomic over some region of the molecular potential energy surface, they might as well be fixed in their atomic form. That is, we would make a frozen-core approximation, and all that the core orbitals are doing is supplying a nonlocal static potential that could be evaluated once and used for the remainder of the calculation. As relativistic effects are to a large extent localized in the core region, they could be included in the frozen-core potential. We could then treat the valence orbitals and the orbitals on the light atoms nonrelativistically, as we did in the previous chapter. This would save all the work of calculating the relativistic integrals, and the calculation would be as cheap as a nonrelativistic calculation. There is one main difficulty with this idea, and that is the orthogonality of the rest of the orbitals to the frozen core. The basis sets we use in molecular calculations are not automatically orthogonal to the core of any one atom: we must make them so by some procedure, such as Schmidt orthogonalization. But this involves taking linear combinations of the core and valence orbitals, and then we not only have to calculate all the integrals involving the core, we also have to transform them to the orthogonal basis. The reintroduction of the core integrals means that we have to calculate all the relativistic contributions that we had previously put into the frozen-core potential. Obviously, this is not a satisfactory state of affairs. Two solutions to this problem are in common use.

India and the Indonesian Archipelago from the Generale Missiven der VOC (Dutch East India Company)

Itinerario ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Goor
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The State ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
The West ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
The People ◽  
State Of Affairs

Regularly, with the ships coming with the monsoon, the Governor-General and the councillors at Batavia received information from their subordinates from all over Asia. The Council of the Indies consisted of older members of the Company's bureaucracy, men who had served in several posts before being nominated to this ultimate position of honour. Together in council they constituted the best informed body on Asian affairs, in the East, as well as in the West. As a body they were responsible for the formulation of the generate missiven, the general letters in which the Heren Zeventien (Gentlemen Seventeen) were briefed on the state of affairs. The missiven had to be signed by all, dissent was not permissable. According to a a set pattern, all factories were dealt with in the same fashion. Any member of the council in principle would have been able to make an overview of the differing areas in which the Company was active. If any, they seem to have been the people able to make a comparison of the Indian subcontinent and the Indonesian archipelago. The following is an attempt to show what insights might have been expected from an interview with an elder servant of the ‘honourable Company’.

scholarly journals Maritime Trade and Societal Transitions in the Western Indonesian Archipelago: Samudra-Pasai at the Dawn of the European Age (c. 1200-1500)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Eastern Indian Ocean ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
The West ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
West Central ◽  
Arabic Script

This study is the substantial update to a journal article published in 1981, focal on the first northeast Sumatra fourteenth- and fifteenthcentury Islamic Sultanate Samudra-Pasai port-of-trade. In doing so the study represents the significant transitions in Indian Ocean history that were substantially influenced by Michael Pearson’s scholarship. Samudra-Pasai was a notable eastern Indian Ocean fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Straits of Melaka international maritime stopover that competed against the west-central Malay Peninsula-based Melaka emporium for regional commercial prominence prior to Portuguese seizure of Melaka in 1511. Past histories are based on the several surviving contemporary maritime sojourner accounts, Chinese dynastic records, and the local sixteenth-century Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai dynastic chronicle. Recent anthropological surveys of the Sumatra upstream pair with new archaeological recoveries, which include dated Arabic script inscribed dynastic tombstones, to mandate a re-evaluation of upstream downstream networking that was the basis of Samudra- Pasai’s over two-century sovereignty. This study moves beyond initially innovative 1970s conceptions of early Straits of Melaka upstreamdownstream networking in its incorporation of Michael Pearson’s adaptive characterizations of Indian Ocean port-of-trade coastline littorals, and introduces the importance of newly focal offshore communities as these are now prominent in the most recent Indian Ocean scholarship.

The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Speech Delays ◽  
Explanatory Adequacy ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Treatment Procedures

My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

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