Wood anatomy of seven Stryphnodendron species (Mimosoid clade - Caesalpinioideae - Leguminosae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Moreira dos Santos ◽  
Gabriel Uriel Cruz Araújo dos Santos ◽  
Claudia Franca Barros ◽  
Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima ◽  
Cátia Henriques Callado
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Number Of Cells

ABSTRACT Stryphnodendron Mart. is a widespread genus in the Neotropics and its species are widely used for their timber, in popular medicine, and for tanning. The similarities in their external morphology make species identification difficult in this genus. This study describes and compares the wood anatomy of the seven species of Stryphnodendron most frequently found in Brazilian forest remnants, in order to identify which anatomical features can be used in their segregation. From seven species 31 samples of Stryphnodendron were studied. Principal Component Analysis was used to evaluate wood anatomical characters. The species were separated into two main groups, congruent with the division into multifoliolate and paucifoliolate species, due to the presence of diffuse, lozenge-aliform and confluent axial parenchyma. In the multifoliolate group, although two subgroups were formed due to ray width in number of cells, none of the species were individualised, which corroborates previous findings of high morphological and anatomical similarities of the multifoliolate species.

Wood anatomy of historic French violin bows made of Pernambuco wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332
Author(s):  
Tahysa Mota Macedo ◽  
Cecília Gonçalves Costa ◽  
Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima ◽  
Claudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
String Instruments ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract Paubrasilia echinata is recognized as the best wood in the manufacture of high-quality bows for string instruments. The wood anatomy of five historic French violin bows of the 19th and 20th century made of Pernambuco wood were investigated in order to reveal the wood anatomic features of these historical bows, to determine which P. echinata morphotype (arruda, café or laranja) was used in their manufacture and to identify the state of origin of the wood. Five bow samples were compared to 33 P. echinata specimens from the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. The wood anatomical features were compared by means of principal component analysis, which revealed the type of axial parenchyma and percentage of tissue to be the most important to sort specimens. The best wood anatomical features previously described for high-quality bows were corroborated here and the bows in general showed similar wood anatomical features. Based on wood anatomy we found that the violin bows were most similar to the samples from the arruda morphotype derived from the States of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte by presenting scanty, unilateral and vasicentric axial parenchyma without confluences forming bands, higher percentage of fibres and lower percentage of axial parenchyma. We can therefore suggest that the historical French violin bows studied here were all made of the arruda morphotype from the Brazilian Northeast region helping explain the preference of the French explorers for this region.

scholarly journals Anatomía comparada del leño de Maytenus en el Noroeste de Argentina (Sudamérica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Giménez ◽  
Juana Graciela Moglia ◽  
M. E. Figueroa ◽  
J. A. Díaz-Zírpolo ◽  
Federico Calatayu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Comparative wood anatomy of Maytenus in Northwestern Argentina (South America)This paper is a comparative wood anatomy study of four species of the genus Maytenus living in Northwest Argentina: Maytenus vitisidaea, M. viscifolia, M. spinosa and M. cuezzoi. The specimens were collected in Santiago del Estero and Salta, Argentina and wood samples are safeguarded in the collection of the LAM (Laboratory of Wood Anatomy), Faculty of Forestry of Santiago del Estero University (UNSE), Argentina. The terminology used followed the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. The diagnostic features of wood anatomical characters were evaluated by employing statistical methods such as Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA showed vessel diameter, fibre wall, and ray width to be significant variables. CA showed M. cuezzoi and M. viscifolia to have the highest affinity.Anatomía comparada del leño de Maytenus en el Noroeste de Argentina (Sudamérica)El presente trabajo es un estudio de anatomía comparada de madera de cuatro especies del género Maytenus del Noroeste Argentino:Maytenus vitis-idaea, M. viscifolia, M. spinosa y M. cuezzoi. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en Santiago del Estero y Salta, Argentinay se salvaguardan en la colección del LAM (Laboratorio de Anatomía de Madera), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad deSantiago del Estero (UNSE), Argentina. Se empleó la terminología de IAWA (Lista de caracteres anatómicos del xilema de angiospermas).Los caracteres anatómicos de madera fueron evaluados mediante métodos estadísticos tales como análisis de conglomerados (AC) y elAnálisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). El PCA mostró como variables significativas el diámetro de vasos, el espesor de pared de lasfibras y el ancho de radios. El CA mostró que M. cuezzoi y M. viscifolia tienen alta afinidad específica.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Chery ◽  
Israel L. da Cunha Neto ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.

Comparative Wood Anatomy of Southern South American Cupressaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel A. Roig
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fitzroya Cupressoides

The wood anatomy is described for the Cupressaceae indigenous to southem South America: Austrocedrus chilensis, Pilgerodendron uviferum and Fitzroya cupressoides. The abundance and distributional pattern of axial parenchyma within each annual ring, height, and the presence or absence of nodules in the end walls of ray parenchyma are all useful anatomical features for distinguishing between the three species. Physical characteristics such as odour and heartwood colour also can be used to separate these species. Axial parenchyma cell length and tracheid length show considerable interspecific variation. Tracheid lengths of Pilgerodendron, but not of Austrocedrus and Fitzroya, decrease with increasing latitude.

Rays in Juvenile Wood of Acer

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
J.E. Dakak ◽  
R. Keller ◽  
V. Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Regression ◽  
Number Of Cells

Juvenile wood characteristics of multiseriate and uniseriate rays of five species of the genus Acer were studied on young trees from France and Canada. Ray height, width, number in width of cells and proportion/mm2 were determined for the earlywood. Variance analysis was used to discriminate the variability of the characteristics of rays. Simple regression analysis shows some strong correlations between the characteristics of multiseriate and uniseriate rays of each species. Except for A. saccharinum, no relationships were established between the ray characteristics and the specific gravity. Except for A. pseudoplatanus, no relationships were established between annual ring width and ray characteristics. Principal component analysis focused separatelyon multiseriate rays and on uniseriate rays revealed differences between A. saccharum and A. saccharinum (e.g., the proportion and the number of cells in multiseriate rays).

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This paper reports on the assessment of morphological (macro and micro) and anatomical characters of seeds of Romulea taxa distributed in Turkey with the use of oneway analysis of variance, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Morphological characteristics such as size, shape, color and surface of seeds were examined with the use of light and scanning electron microscopes. Thicknesses of testa and phytomelan layer, sizes of embryo in seeds were studied anatomically. The outcomes revealed that taxa were similar in some aspects such as color and shape of seeds. However, seed size, thickness of testa and phytomelan layer, shape of the epidermal cells in testa and sizes of embryo were different among taxa, and have taxonomic value in the distinction of these taxa from each other. In addition, the seed surfaces were more or less different for the examined taxa on an interspecific level. Consequently, seed morphology and anatomy with a few exceptions demonstrated diversity and they had taxonomic importance in terms of distinguishing among species.

scholarly journals Comparative morphology and anatomy of seeds of some Aethionema W.T. Aiton (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seed morphology and anatomy are taxonomically significant in Brassicaceae. The seed structures of Aethionema from Turkey, which include 12 taxa (Aethionema syriacum, A. froedinii, A. arabicum, A. eunomioides, A. fimbriatum, A. speciosum subsp. speciosum, A. speciosum subsp. compactum, A. saxatile, A. oppositifolium, A. iberideum, A. armenum, A. grandiflorum) were studied for knowing seed morphological and anatomical features with one-way analysis of variance, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Seed size, shape and color were examined with stereomicroscopy.The surface patterns of seed were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, structure, and thicknesses of testa and endosperm were investigated anatomically. Thickness of testa and endosperm were of major significance to illustrate interspecific relations among the examined taxa.

scholarly journals A SURVEY OF THE SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY OF THE RUBIACEAE

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Elmar Robbrecht ◽  
Hans Beeckman ◽  
Erik Smets
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Mineral Inclusions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Recent Insight

Recent insight in the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae, mainly based on macromolecular data, agrees better with wood anatomical diversity patterns than previous subdivisions of the family. The two main types of secondary xylem that occur in Rubiaceae show general consistency in their distribution within clades. Wood anatomical characters, especially the fibre type and axial parenchyma distribution, have indeed good taxonomic value in the family. Nevertheless, the application of wood anatomical data in Rubiaceae is more useful in confirming or negating already proposed relationships rather than postulating new affinities for problematic taxa. The wood characterised by fibre-tracheids (type I) is most common, while type II with septate libriform fibres is restricted to some tribes in all three subfamilies. Mineral inclusions in wood also provide valuable information with respect to systematic relationships.

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