Latewood Density in Relation to Wood Fibre Diameter, Wall Thickness, and Fibre and Vessel Percentages in Quercus Robur L.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Rao ◽  
D.P. Aebischer ◽  
M.P. Denne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Oak Trees

To elucidate the influence of growth rate and cambial age on latewood density in oak (Quercus robur L.), the diameter and wall thickness of libriform fibres, and percentage of latewood area occupied by libriform fibres and vessels, were analysed across discs often 87-year-old oak trees from Germany.

Summer temperature in northeastern Siberia since 1642 reconstructed from tracheid dimensions and cell numbers of Larix cajanderi

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina P Panyushkina ◽  
Malcolm K Hughes ◽  
Eugene A Vaganov ◽  
Martin AR Munro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Dimension ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Larix Cajanderi

We reconstructed air temperature for two periods in the growth season from cell dimension and cell number variability in cross-dated tree rings of Larix cajanderi Mayr. from northeastern Siberia. Thirteen tree-ring chronologies based on cell size, cell wall thickness, and cell number were developed for AD 1642–1993. No clear evidence was found of an age-related trend in cell dimensions in the sampled materials, but cell numbers were correlated with cambial age. The chronologies contain strong temperature signals associated with the timing of xylem growth. We obtained reliable reconstructions of mean June temperature from the total cell number and July–September temperature from the cell wall thickness of latewood. June temperature and July–September temperature covaried for most of the period from AD 1642 to AD 1978. After that time, June temperature became cooler relative to July–September temperature. This difference caused disproportional changes in earlywood tracheids because of the late start of growth and cool conditions in June followed by warming during the rest of the season. The identification of this unusual recent change has shown that intraseasonal resolution may be achieved by cell dimension and cell number chronologies.

Variation in xylem anatomy of selected populations of lodgepole pine

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2049-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongli Wang ◽  
Sally N Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Latewood Density

Variation in xylem anatomy among selected populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) was examined using digital image analysis based on an annual growth ring (age 10) per tree. Four subpopulations were selected using the following criteria for height growth and wood density: (i) fast growth and high density; (ii) slow growth and high density; (iii) fast growth and low density; and (iv) slow growth and low density. Significant differences were found among subpopulations for several anatomical parameters including tracheid density, lumen size, and cell wall thickness that may affect the economic value and utilization of wood. Principal component analysis indicate that the first four principal components (PCs) were associated with (i) ring area (PC1), (ii) earlywood density (PC2), (iii) latewood density (PC3), and (iv) lumen shape in earlywood (PC4), suggesting that these aspects of wood properties and growth are controlled by different sets of genes. Relative contributions of total number of tracheids, tracheid lumen size, and cell wall thickness to ring area and correlations between cell wall area proportion and X-ray density are discussed.

The effect of nursery substrate and fertilization on the growth and ectomycorrhizal status of containerized and outplanted seedlings of Picea abies

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Min Vaario ◽  
Arja Tervonen ◽  
Kati Haukioja ◽  
Markku Haukioja ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Over a 5 year period, we examined the influence of substrate and fertilization on nursery growth and outplanting performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We focused on the relative growth and development of roots and shoots and the colonization intensity and diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. In the nursery, a conventional substrate (low-humified Sphagnum peat) supplemented with woody material (wood fibre and pine bark) and either mineral or organic fertilizers yielded shorter seedlings than those grown on the unmodified substrate. However, after outplanting, the growth rate of seedlings cultivated on modified substrates was higher than that of seedlings grown on the unmodified substrate. Seedlings cultivated in modified substrates had significantly higher root/shoot ratios and ECM diversity; the latter remained significant after ≥3 years of outplanting. Seedlings grown on a substrate containing 50% woody material and supplemented with organic fertilizer had the highest growth rate among all seedlings during the 3 year period of outplanting. Colonization intensity of ECM fungi was high in all seedlings except for those grown in heavily fertilized substrate. This study suggests that nursery techniques that produce seedlings with higher root/shoot ratios and ECM diversities could improve plantation success and growth rate for at least the first 3 years of outplanting.

scholarly journals Appreciation of tolerance at the impact of thermal stress on photosystem ii activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees of different ecological origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Petru Cuza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity ◽  
The Impact

Extreme weather events with high temperatures and strong sunlight have increased alarmingly in the last few decades, considerable affecting plant photosynthesis. In this study, the impact of thermal stress on photosystem II activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) of different ecological origin was assessed. Four days after the thermal shock application with a temperature of 50°C during 20, 40, 60 minutes, the processes of recovery on photosystem II activity in the leaves of the oak trees in the investigated provenances took place with different speed and fullness. The recovery of the functional state of photosystem II in the leaves of the trees showed that in the environmental conditions of the ,,Plaiul Fagului” reservation territory an advanced thermotolerance to the thermal stress action was specifi c for the origin from the north of the country (Edinet). The leaves of the trees of local and southern origin showed a low resistance to the thermal stress action. The advanced adaptation capacity, the high growth rate of the trees from the northern provenance suggest that the acorn harvested from the oaks of northern origin can be used for the works of extension of the afforestation areas in the central area of the Republic of Moldova.

Characterization and comparison of the wood anatomical traits of plantation grown Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Juan Guo ◽  
Haiqing Ren ◽  
Yurong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Pit Membrane

Abstract Oaks are important tree species, providing essential biomaterial for the wood industry. We characterize and compare wood anatomical traits of plantation grown Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Q. variabilis Blume to provide more detailed information to understand xylem radial growth, structure, and function, as well as differences between sapwood and heartwood, to provide data relevant for tree breeding and value-added wood utilization of oak plantations in China. In this study, radial strips were collected at breast height from the main trunk of the two species. Latewood percentage and growth ring width were investigated by X-ray densitometry and a Tree Ring Analysis System, respectively. Vessel and fibre lumen diameter, vessel and fibre wall thickness, vessel density, fibre wall thickness/diameter ratio, tissue proportions, and pit membrane thickness in between vasicentric tracheids were observed with light microscopy and electron microscopy and quantified. There were significant differences in a few wood anatomical traits between the two species: vessel wall thickness and vessel lumen diameter were higher in Q. acutissima than in Q. variabilis, while higher axial parenchyma proportion in sapwood was found in Q. variabilis than in Q. acutissima. More abundant tyloses were found in heartwood than in sapwood of both species. Our work showed the intraspecific and interspecific variation of the two species. Most differences between sapwood and heartwood must be attributed to differences in cambial age during their formation.

Wool growth regulation by local skin cooling

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. G. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Skin Cooling

Local cooling of the skin, produced by exposure to wind was shown to depress the rate of length growth of wool. The depression was associated with reductions in skin temperature and blood flow and with increases in heat transfer in the exposed regions. Fibre diameter did not appear to be affected and there were no indications of a systemic response of wool growth rate to exposure.

The influence of abomasal supplements of methionine on wool growth of wheat-fed sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis ◽  
DA Tunks
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Sheep receiving a diet consisting solely of wheat (500 g/day), supplemented with a mineral mixture, were given abomasal infusions of varying amounts of DL-methionine (1.5–6.0 g/day) or of L-cystine (5 g/day). Other sheep received DL-methionine as a supplement to a roughage diet. All levels of methionine infused caused a decrease in the mass of wool grown by sheep consuming the wheat diet. This effect was greatest with 6 g methionine and was due mainly to a considerable depression of fibre diameter. Smaller amounts of methionine decreased fibre diameter and increased length growth rate. The infusion of methionine caused a considerable weakening of the wool grown by most of the sheep, with the result that a 'break' was observed in the fleece after about 1 week of methionine administration. This effect occurred with all levels of methionine but was more pronounced with 6 g/day. The abomasal infusion of cystine (5 g/day) caused little change in the mass of wool grown, but fibre diameter was decreased slightly. There were no appreciable effects on the strength of wool fibres and no wool was shed. Supplementation of the roughage diet (400 g/day) with methionine at 2 g/day stimulated wool growth, whereas with 6 or 10 g/day the mass of wool grown was unchanged but fibre diameter was markedly reduced. The strength of wool fibres was not markedly influenced by methionine infusions on this diet. The levels of amino acids in blood plasma and in abomasal digesta indicated that the mixture of amino acids absorbed was similar with both the roughage and the wheat diets.

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