Fuzzy Word Identification: A Case Study from the Oracle Bone Inscriptions

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zev Handel
Keyword(s):  
Word Identification ◽  
Fuzzy Identification ◽  
Word Families ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Written Word ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Morphological Patterns

In this paper, a new method of “fuzzy identification” is proposed for circumstances in which an exact match of an epigraphic written word with later attested forms is not possible (for example, because the word has been lost from the language). Based on our increasingly sophisticated understanding of early Chinese morphological patterns and word families, it is sometimes possible to achieve an approximate understanding of pronunciation and meaning in the absence of a precise identification. As an illustration of this approach, I consider the oracle-bone graph as it appears in a famous eclipse inscription. This graph has been identified as 斲 zhuó and 剅 dōu (among others). I argue that any such identification is overly precise. A fuzzy identification, as a member of the word family based on root *tok with meaning ‘cut, chop’, is a more accurate reflection of the state of our knowledge and provides greater insight into the possible pronunciations and range of meaning and function of the word.

Spindle Whorls from El Purgatorio, Peru, and Their Socioeconomic Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Vogel ◽  
Kristin Buhrow ◽  
Caroline Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Spindle Whorls ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
Archaeological Analysis ◽  
Exchange Patterns ◽  
Spindle Whorl ◽  
Insight Into

In the Andean region, spindle whorls have been the subject of archaeological analysis less often than other artifact classes, such as pottery. Nevertheless, spindle whorls may have much more to contribute to archaeological interpretations of production, status, and exchange patterns than previously acknowledged. The case study presented here examines the spindle whorl collection from the site of El Purgatorio, Peru, the capital city of the Casma polity (ca. A.D. 700–1400). Spindle whorls were not only expertly crafted utilitarian tools for spinning yarn, but also items of personal adornment, symbols of wealth or status, and possible indicators of intra-polity exchange patterns. The analysis of spindle whorls in regard to form and function provides insight into Casma social and economic organization. The spindle whorls discovered at El Purgatorio also reflect varying degrees of standardization and technical knowledge, suggesting that at least some may have been manufactured by specialists in metallurgical and ceramic workshops.

scholarly journals Andronikos I Komnenos: Tyrant of Twelfth-century Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas Neocleous
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Few, if any, rulers in twelfth-century Christendom received as much attention by contemporary chroniclers as the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (1183–85). Even though Andronikos ruled for less than three years, his rise to power, reign of terror, downfall and gruesome death at the hands of the lynch mob of Constantinople struck contemporaries. In contrast to medieval chroniclers, modern historians have shown little interest in this emperor. While some scholarly attention has been paid to the Greek sources in order to reconstruct the historical facts of Andronikos’s reign, there has been little focus on the Greek historians’ perceptions and representations of their ruler. As to the relatively large number of Latin accounts of Andronikos’s reign, these have been either completely disregarded by historians or dismissed as ‘full of imagined conversations and romantic fictions’ and therefore as being of limited value for the reconstruction of historical events. All these accounts, however, are important, among others, in giving great insight into how a harsh and oppressive rule was viewed in both Byzantium and the Latin world in the late twelfth and early thirteenth century. This article examines accusations of tyranny against Andronikos expressed uniformly across Byzantine, French, German–Austrian and English accounts, and explores their meaning and function. To gain a greater appreciation of their significance, these accusations against the Byzantine emperor are subsequently cast against the backdrop of charges of tyranny levelled against other Christian rulers in twelfth-century Christendom. Therefore, the significance of this article extends beyond Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire to the evolution of many other strands of political philosophy of rulership in medieval European history.1

scholarly journals Male Headship as Male Agency: An Alternative Understanding of a ‘Patriarchal’ African Pentecostal Discourse on Masculinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan S. Van Klinken
Keyword(s):  
Male Dominance ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Alternative Understanding

In some Christian circles in Africa, male headship is a defining notion of masculinity. The central question in this article is how discourses on masculinity that affirm male headship can be understood. A review of recent scholarship on masculinities and religion shows that male headship is often interpreted in terms of male dominance. However, a case study of sermons in a Zambian Pentecostal church shows that discourse on male headship can be far more complex and can even contribute to a transformation of masculinities. The main argument is that a monolithic concept of patriarchy hinders a nuanced analysis of the meaning and function of male headship in local contexts. The suggestion is that in some contexts male headship can be understood in terms of agency.

scholarly journals Food Name Translation Practice: A Case Study of Indonesian – English Menus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Retno Wulandari Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

This paper analyzed the translation practice on chained hotel restaurant menus, especially on Indonesian traditional menu into English. The translation of food names requires translators to consider both the cultural associations embedded in the names, their meaning and function in the source language (SL) as well as the translatability of the terms in the target language (TL). Employing Descriptive Translation Studies, 33 Indonesian traditional food names from five hotel restaurants in Surabaya are analyzed in order to reveal the common practice of Indonesian traditional food name (SL) into English (TL). Out of 33 data, there are 21 traditional food name translation compared and elaborated using Descriptive Translation Studies approach. The translation procedures identified then are grouped based on Kwiecinski. The result indicated that exoticizing procedures only constitute of 9.5%, while rich explicatory procedures accounts for 61.9%. Further, recognized exoticism procedures was found in one data or 4.8%, and assimilative procedures are applied in five data or 23.8%. Thus, the most common practice in translating Indonesian traditional food names into English is mostly by describing the appearance of food completed by a list of side dishes and condiments. Thus, there is an attempt to generalize the unique feature of traditional food which may help target readers to recognize the food. However, the long information provided rarely explains the taste, and weights more into the serving appearance of the traditional food, reducing the potent of introducing the identity of Indonesian traditional food.

‘This isn’t a movie . . . it’s a tourism ad for Australia’: The Dundee campaign and the semiotics of audiovisual tourism promotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio Leotta
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Tourism Promotion ◽  
Recent Case Study ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

This article proposes a theorization of audiovisual media promotion as a distinct media field. Despite their omnipresence, very few scholars have examined the aesthetic, thematic and institutional characteristics of tourism films, commercials and promotional videos. The field of tourism audiovisual promotion poses a significant conceptual challenge as it consists of a vast array of diverse media texts and aesthetic forms. Such vast aesthetic differences, along with the different promotional potential associated with each of these forms, complicate any straightforward definition of this media field. This article will use the analysis of a recent case study – the Dundee campaign launched by Tourism Australia in 2018 – to develop a theorization of audiovisual tourism promotion. In particular, it will argue that the meaning and function of tourism audiovisual promotional texts are determined by a ‘discursive framework’ which, in turn, is informed by converging textual and contextual factors.

scholarly journals The Function of Traditional Snacks and Fruits at Chinatown Semarang - A Case Study on Semarang Northcoast Maritime Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
Catur Kepirianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Local Product ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Culinary Culture

Traditional snacks and fruits are the culinary culture of Chinese community to fulfill Chinese daily consumption and ritual activities in Chinatown Semarang. It is a particular characteristic of social and local culture. As local wisdom, it provides a local value of the food products. This study aims to reveal varieties and functions of traditional snacks and fruits in Gang Baru traditional market Semarang. This research refers to theory and method of naming system and function. It is in a descriptive qualitative manner and describes names and functions of traditional snacks and fruits for ritual functions. The red and golden colors of snacks and fruits symbolize the source of fortune and wealth. Traditional snacks and fruits for the Chinese community function as ritual media to give offerings to ancestors rather than for daily consumption. The meaning and function of traditional snacks and fruits symbolize the fortune, luck, wealth, harmony, love, sharp mind, happiness, long life, calm and steady hearted, sincerity, blessing, and salvation. Hopefully, there would be a social impact to challenge the Industrial Revolution 4.0. It seems to refresh social paradigm and to recognize the high value of local wisdom, local skill, social skill, local ingredients, and local product.

Analysing Aporia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP V. BOHLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Compositional Language ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractThis essay draws upon approaches from music analysis, the cultural study of music, and the philosophy of language to examine the meaning and function of borders in music. Drawing upon Jacques Derrida's concept of multiple aporias as metaphors for understanding the relationship of life to death, the essay begins by exploring three functions of aporia at the borders in music: 1) a line to be crossed; 2) a zone of difference; 3) an area of impossibility and unknowability. Three case studies provide a comparative framework that seeks to extend my analytical approaches beyond specific cultural, geographic, and historical repertories. In the first case study I examine the function of caesura at the borders between oral and written tradition in epic; in the second, I examine the coterminous moment of emptiness and fullness known as khāli in South Asian music; in the third, I analyse the compositional language employed by Viktor Ullmann (1898–1944) in his concentration-camp melodrama, Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke, to represent the musical transcendence of death in the Holocaust. By analysing aporia in such different traditions I demonstrate the ways in which they open possibilities for understanding the sameness that connects music from radically different musical traditions.

scholarly journals Filosofi Sarapataanguna Pra dan Pasca Islam Sebagai Filosofi Rumah Tradisional Buton Kaum Walaka

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria Umar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Role Sharing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Building Form ◽  
Meaning And Function

Since the issuance of the "Ijtihad (command) Sultan" to the royal Sara (device), so that harmony and brotherhood (Sara Pataanguna) in Islam was manifested in the form of typical Buton house. The royal Sara's and wood carpentry experts in the kingdom based on "Ijtihad Sultan" together performed deliberations. Deliberation aimed to find a building form for the house which in accordance with the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna. The pre-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy and the post-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy were embodied in the concept of meaning and functional concepts in traditional Buton houses. Based on on the role-sharing functions the Butonesse traditional house divided into two types, houses of Kaomus / Walakas with public roles and houses of common Kaoumus / Walakas without public roles. This research was aimed to analyzed the philosophy and symbolic meaning on houses of the Kaomus / Walakas with public roles. The research used qualitative research with case study approach.The result concluded that the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna became the philosophy from Walakas Butonesse traditional houses, especially for the owners who holds public positions, because the Sara Pataanguuna principles  was contained in the meaning and function of the houses symbols.

scholarly journals Filosofi Sarapataanguna Pra dan Pasca Islam Sebagai Filosofi Rumah Tradisional Buton Kaum Walaka

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria Umar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Role Sharing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Building Form ◽  
Meaning And Function

Since the issuance of the "Ijtihad (command) Sultan" to the royal Sara (device), so that harmony and brotherhood (Sara Pataanguna) in Islam was manifested in the form of typical Buton house. The royal Sara's and wood carpentry experts in the kingdom based on "Ijtihad Sultan" together performed deliberations. Deliberation aimed to find a building form for the house which in accordance with the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna. The pre-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy and the post-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy were embodied in the concept of meaning and functional concepts in traditional Buton houses. Based on on the role-sharing functions the Butonesse traditional house divided into two types, houses of Kaomus / Walakas with public roles and houses of common Kaoumus / Walakas without public roles. This research was aimed to analyzed the philosophy and symbolic meaning on houses of the Kaomus / Walakas with public roles. The research used qualitative research with case study approach.The result concluded that the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna became the philosophy from Walakas Butonesse traditional houses, especially for the owners who holds public positions, because the Sara Pataanguuna principles  was contained in the meaning and function of the houses symbols.

scholarly journals Ancient art, rhetoric and the Lamb of God metaphor in John 1:29 and 1:36

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilly Nortjé-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
John 1 ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Story Elements

Biblical scholars have given diverse explanations for the Lamb of God metaphor in John 1:29 and 1:36. Most scholars are of the opinion that ‘amnos’ refers to the Passover lamb. This explanation is not obvious from the context of the Fourth Gospel. To understand the metaphor ‘lamb’ or ‘amnos’ of God, one should understand the transferable meaning of the figure or image. In this comparison, only the vehicle, namely the lamb, is given. What and who the lamb is stays open. It can be anything within the limits of the other story elements that have the same qualities as a lamb. To uncover the communicative dynamics of the metaphor, the exegete must have insight into the meaning and function of the original metaphor. Rhetoric provides a clue for the interpretation of the metaphor, namely that it is a Lamb of God. Within the pericope other rhetorical clues like antithesis and varietas are also provided. These clues are important but do not explain the image of the lamb. In this study, these problems will be considered via another medium, namely Hellenistic art and imagesand their penetration into Judaism and Christianity during the 1st century CE. Hellenistic and biblical images will be used to give an alternative interpretation of the metaphor of the Lamb of God.

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