Analysing Aporia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP V. BOHLMAN

AbstractThis essay draws upon approaches from music analysis, the cultural study of music, and the philosophy of language to examine the meaning and function of borders in music. Drawing upon Jacques Derrida's concept of multiple aporias as metaphors for understanding the relationship of life to death, the essay begins by exploring three functions of aporia at the borders in music: 1) a line to be crossed; 2) a zone of difference; 3) an area of impossibility and unknowability. Three case studies provide a comparative framework that seeks to extend my analytical approaches beyond specific cultural, geographic, and historical repertories. In the first case study I examine the function of caesura at the borders between oral and written tradition in epic; in the second, I examine the coterminous moment of emptiness and fullness known as khāli in South Asian music; in the third, I analyse the compositional language employed by Viktor Ullmann (1898–1944) in his concentration-camp melodrama, Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke, to represent the musical transcendence of death in the Holocaust. By analysing aporia in such different traditions I demonstrate the ways in which they open possibilities for understanding the sameness that connects music from radically different musical traditions.

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zev Handel

In this paper, a new method of “fuzzy identification” is proposed for circumstances in which an exact match of an epigraphic written word with later attested forms is not possible (for example, because the word has been lost from the language). Based on our increasingly sophisticated understanding of early Chinese morphological patterns and word families, it is sometimes possible to achieve an approximate understanding of pronunciation and meaning in the absence of a precise identification. As an illustration of this approach, I consider the oracle-bone graph as it appears in a famous eclipse inscription. This graph has been identified as 斲 zhuó and 剅 dōu (among others). I argue that any such identification is overly precise. A fuzzy identification, as a member of the word family based on root *tok with meaning ‘cut, chop’, is a more accurate reflection of the state of our knowledge and provides greater insight into the possible pronunciations and range of meaning and function of the word.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan S. Van Klinken

In some Christian circles in Africa, male headship is a defining notion of masculinity. The central question in this article is how discourses on masculinity that affirm male headship can be understood. A review of recent scholarship on masculinities and religion shows that male headship is often interpreted in terms of male dominance. However, a case study of sermons in a Zambian Pentecostal church shows that discourse on male headship can be far more complex and can even contribute to a transformation of masculinities. The main argument is that a monolithic concept of patriarchy hinders a nuanced analysis of the meaning and function of male headship in local contexts. The suggestion is that in some contexts male headship can be understood in terms of agency.


2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Himyari Yusuf

Abstract: This study reveals the function of morality and religion, especially for today's contemporary society. In fact, moral and religious issues are intimately related to human life in today's global era which has experiences a change or shift of meaning and function. Truthfully, the function of morality and religion in contemporary society barely possesses any value. Morality is noticeably a classic problem that hinders the freedom of human life, as well as religion is considerably an individual issue and another world issue (hereafter). Therefore, the focus of this study is the nature and function of morality and religion for the contemporary society, and the relationship of man, morality, and religion (Islam). Through answering the various issues above, this study uses a philosophical approach (philosophy as a method). The use aims to wholly, radically, and rationally understand what the nature and function of morality and religion for human life or for the contemporary society to the point that the understanding reaches its essential and fundamental meaning. Those issues are principally related to human and humanity. The moral and religious dimensions have been fused with the existence and essence of human life. Religion (Islam) is in accordance with the nature of humanity, and it contains the values of morality. Thus, philosophically, it implies that man, morality, and religion (Islam) is one species, and they cannot be separated. Consequently, morality and religion (Islam) should be implemented in a whole series of human life in the contemporary and global age like nowadays. Abstrak: Pengkajian ini menampilkan persoalan fungsi moralitas dan agama, khususnya bagi masyarakat kontemporer dewasa ini. Secara faktual persoalan moral dan agama adalah persoalan yang terkait dengan kehidupan manusia yang pada era global sekarang ini telah mengalami perubahan atau pergeseran pemaknaan dan fungsi. Secara faktual fungsi moralitas dan agama pada masya¬rakat kontemporer nyaris tidak memiliki nilai apa-apa. Moralitas dianggap persoalan klasik yang menghambat kebebasan hidup manusia, demikian pula agama hanya dianggap sebagai persoalan individu dan persoalan dunia lain (akhirat). Oleh karena itu yang menjadi pokok kajian dalam tulisan ini adalah apa hakikat dan fungsi moralitas dan agama bagi kehidupan masyarakat kontem¬porer, dan bagaimana korelasi manusia, moralitas, dan agama (Islam). Menjawab berbagai pokok persoalan di atas, dalam kajian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan filsafat (filsafat sebagai metode). Penggunakan pendekatan filsafat, dimaksudkan agar apa yang menjadi hakikat dan fungsi moralitas dan agama bagi kehidupan manusia atau bagi masyarakat kontemporer dapat pahami secara menyeluruh, mendasar (radikal), dan rasional, sehingga sampai pada hakikatnya yang paling hakiki dan mendasar. Persoalan hakikat dan fungsi moralitas dan agama, sesungguhnya merupakan persoalan yang terkait dengan manusia dan kemanusiaan. Dimensi moralitas dan agama sejatinya telah menyatu dengan eksistensi dan esensi manusia sendiri. Agama (Islam) sesuai dengan fitrah kemanusiaan, dan di dalamnya terkandung nilai-nilai moralitas. Dengan demikian secara filosofis dapat dikatakan bahwa manusia, moralitas, dan agama (Islam) merupakan satu spesies, yang satu dengan lainnya tidak dapat dipisahkan. Oleh karena itu moralitas dan agama (Islam) harus diimplentasikan dalam seluruh rangkaian kehidupan umat manusia pada era kontemporer dan globalisasi dewasa ini.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Retno Wulandari Setyaningsih

This paper analyzed the translation practice on chained hotel restaurant menus, especially on Indonesian traditional menu into English. The translation of food names requires translators to consider both the cultural associations embedded in the names, their meaning and function in the source language (SL) as well as the translatability of the terms in the target language (TL). Employing Descriptive Translation Studies, 33 Indonesian traditional food names from five hotel restaurants in Surabaya are analyzed in order to reveal the common practice of Indonesian traditional food name (SL) into English (TL). Out of 33 data, there are 21 traditional food name translation compared and elaborated using Descriptive Translation Studies approach. The translation procedures identified then are grouped based on Kwiecinski. The result indicated that exoticizing procedures only constitute of 9.5%, while rich explicatory procedures accounts for 61.9%. Further, recognized exoticism procedures was found in one data or 4.8%, and assimilative procedures are applied in five data or 23.8%. Thus, the most common practice in translating Indonesian traditional food names into English is mostly by describing the appearance of food completed by a list of side dishes and condiments. Thus, there is an attempt to generalize the unique feature of traditional food which may help target readers to recognize the food. However, the long information provided rarely explains the taste, and weights more into the serving appearance of the traditional food, reducing the potent of introducing the identity of Indonesian traditional food.


Author(s):  
Kathryn Dempsey ◽  
Benjamin Currall ◽  
Richard Hallworth ◽  
Hesham Ali

Understanding the structure-function relationship of proteins offers the key to biological processes, and can offer knowledge for better investigation of matters with widespread impact, such as pathological disease and drug intervention. This relationship is dictated at the simplest level by the primary protein sequence. Since useful structures and functions are conserved within biology, a sequence with known structure-function relationship can be compared to related sequences to aid in novel structure-function prediction. Sequence analysis provides a means for suggesting evolutionary relationships, and inferring structural or functional similarity. It is crucial to consider these parameters while comparing sequences as they influence both the algorithms used and the implications of the results. For example, proteins that are closely related on an evolutionary time scale may have very similar structure, but entirely different functions. In contrast, proteins which have undergone convergent evolution may have dissimilar primary structure, but perform similar functions. This chapter details how the aspects of evolution, structure, and function can be taken into account when performing sequence analysis, and proposes an expansion on traditional approaches resulting in direct improvement of said analysis. This model is applied to a case study in the prestin protein and shows that the proposed approach provides a better understanding of input and output and can improve the performance of sequence analysis by means of motif detection software.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio Leotta

This article proposes a theorization of audiovisual media promotion as a distinct media field. Despite their omnipresence, very few scholars have examined the aesthetic, thematic and institutional characteristics of tourism films, commercials and promotional videos. The field of tourism audiovisual promotion poses a significant conceptual challenge as it consists of a vast array of diverse media texts and aesthetic forms. Such vast aesthetic differences, along with the different promotional potential associated with each of these forms, complicate any straightforward definition of this media field. This article will use the analysis of a recent case study – the Dundee campaign launched by Tourism Australia in 2018 – to develop a theorization of audiovisual tourism promotion. In particular, it will argue that the meaning and function of tourism audiovisual promotional texts are determined by a ‘discursive framework’ which, in turn, is informed by converging textual and contextual factors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
Catur Kepirianto

Traditional snacks and fruits are the culinary culture of Chinese community to fulfill Chinese daily consumption and ritual activities in Chinatown Semarang. It is a particular characteristic of social and local culture. As local wisdom, it provides a local value of the food products. This study aims to reveal varieties and functions of traditional snacks and fruits in Gang Baru traditional market Semarang. This research refers to theory and method of naming system and function. It is in a descriptive qualitative manner and describes names and functions of traditional snacks and fruits for ritual functions. The red and golden colors of snacks and fruits symbolize the source of fortune and wealth. Traditional snacks and fruits for the Chinese community function as ritual media to give offerings to ancestors rather than for daily consumption. The meaning and function of traditional snacks and fruits symbolize the fortune, luck, wealth, harmony, love, sharp mind, happiness, long life, calm and steady hearted, sincerity, blessing, and salvation. Hopefully, there would be a social impact to challenge the Industrial Revolution 4.0. It seems to refresh social paradigm and to recognize the high value of local wisdom, local skill, social skill, local ingredients, and local product.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria Umar

Since the issuance of the "Ijtihad (command) Sultan" to the royal Sara (device), so that harmony and brotherhood (Sara Pataanguna) in Islam was manifested in the form of typical Buton house. The royal Sara's and wood carpentry experts in the kingdom based on "Ijtihad Sultan" together performed deliberations. Deliberation aimed to find a building form for the house which in accordance with the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna. The pre-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy and the post-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy were embodied in the concept of meaning and functional concepts in traditional Buton houses. Based on on the role-sharing functions the Butonesse traditional house divided into two types, houses of Kaomus / Walakas with public roles and houses of common Kaoumus / Walakas without public roles. This research was aimed to analyzed the philosophy and symbolic meaning on houses of the Kaomus / Walakas with public roles. The research used qualitative research with case study approach.The result concluded that the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna became the philosophy from Walakas Butonesse traditional houses, especially for the owners who holds public positions, because the Sara Pataanguuna principles  was contained in the meaning and function of the houses symbols.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakaria Umar

Since the issuance of the "Ijtihad (command) Sultan" to the royal Sara (device), so that harmony and brotherhood (Sara Pataanguna) in Islam was manifested in the form of typical Buton house. The royal Sara's and wood carpentry experts in the kingdom based on "Ijtihad Sultan" together performed deliberations. Deliberation aimed to find a building form for the house which in accordance with the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna. The pre-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy and the post-Islamic Sara Pataanguna philosophy were embodied in the concept of meaning and functional concepts in traditional Buton houses. Based on on the role-sharing functions the Butonesse traditional house divided into two types, houses of Kaomus / Walakas with public roles and houses of common Kaoumus / Walakas without public roles. This research was aimed to analyzed the philosophy and symbolic meaning on houses of the Kaomus / Walakas with public roles. The research used qualitative research with case study approach.The result concluded that the philosophy of Sara Pataanguna became the philosophy from Walakas Butonesse traditional houses, especially for the owners who holds public positions, because the Sara Pataanguuna principles  was contained in the meaning and function of the houses symbols.


Author(s):  
Frank Lehman

This chapter focuses on the wider cultural and psychological ramifications of chromaticism in film music. It is argued that pantriadicism strives for a specific affect: wonderment, and with it two subsidiary psychological states, frisson and awe. Both literary and cognitive/psychological accounts are given for this affect’s connection with harmony, with particular emphasis on the relationship of emotion and musical expectation. Frisson and awe have distinctive temporal profiles, leading to an evaluation of theoretical and empirical work on subjective temporality in connection with chromaticism. The analytical ramifications of this theory of chromatic temporality are examined with respect to a single large-scale case study, Howard Shore’s music for the Lord of the Rings trilogy. In the process, the author finds ways of integrating two traditionally separate analytical approaches: transformational networks and cognitive models of musical expectation.


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