Information literacy and informed learning: conceptual innovations for IL research and practice futures.

Our paper draws together conceptual innovations emerging from the work of a group of researchers focussed on the relational approach to information literacy, more recently labelled ‘informed learning’. Team members have been working together in various configurations for periods ranging from seven to seventeen years. Our collaborative approach continues to yield new concepts and constructs which we believe to be of value to ongoing research and practice. Some of the ideas discussed have been previouly published, while others are being put forward for the first time. All are significant in that they together form new constructs that have emerged from a focus on the relational approach to information literacy. In this paper, Christine Bruce introduces the background to this work and the contributing researchers. Then the individual authors present the key directions which they have developed and are leading, typically working with one or more of the wider network. The key ideas presented are: The expressive window for information literacy (Mandy Lupton); information experience design (Elham Sayyad Abdi); cross-contextuality and experienced identity (Andrew Demasson); informed learning design (Clarence Maybee); spaces for inclusive informed learning (Hilary Hughes); and informed systems (Mary Somerville and Anita Mirjamdotter). In each piece, authors reflect on what the idea is about, where it came from and what it might mean for research and practice.

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Inquisitiveness: distributing rational thinking

Team Performance Management ◽

10.1108/tpm-10-2015-0044 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1/2) ◽

pp. 66-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Emanuele Bardone ◽

Davide Secchi

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Herbert Simon ◽

Content Type ◽

Team Members ◽

Agent Based ◽

Working Together ◽

The Individual ◽

Ad Hoc Teams

Purpose This study aims at redefining bounded rationality on the basis of a more socialized view of the individual. In doing so, it introduces “inquisitiveness” as a key disposition that some team members use to assemble and integrate knowledge when solving problems. Design/methodology/approach Using an agent-based computational simulation, this research models different simulated employees working together in “ad hoc” teams to solve problems. Findings Results show that inquisitiveness may work as an efficiency “driver” that, when present, economizes on the knowledge needed by team members to solve problems. In addition to that, results also show that environments with many problems are more suitable for inquisitive individuals to be effective. Originality/value Following the late Herbert Simon, the paper takes the stance that rationality should be redefined as a socially oriented process and introduces inquisitiveness as one – although probably not the only one – of the characteristics that help individuals and teams to make rational decisions.

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Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 91-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vera Hagemann

Keyword(s):

Team Performance ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Future Research ◽

German Language ◽

Team Members ◽

Collective Orientation ◽

Team Research ◽

German Speaking ◽

Individual Variables ◽

The Individual

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

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Collaborative Action Research In Academic Administration

West East Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.36739/wejss.2019.v8.i3.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 227-252

Author(s):

Bradley C. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Action Research ◽

Collaborative Action Research ◽

Team Members ◽

Academic Administration ◽

Leadership Culture ◽

Collaborative Action ◽

Working Together ◽

Upper Level ◽

Action Process

This research involved a study exploring the changes in an academic institution expressed through decision-making in a shifting leadership culture. Prior to the study, the school was heavily entrenched in authoritarian and centralized decision-making, but as upper-level administrators were exposed to the concept of collaborative action research, they began making decisions through a reflection and action process. Changing assumptions and attitudes were observed and recorded through interviews at the end of the research period. The research team engaged in sixteen weekly cycles of reflection and action based on an agenda they mutually agreed to and through an analysis of post-research interviews, weekly planning meetings, discussions, and reflection and action cycles. Findings revealed experiences centering around the issues of:  The nature of collaboration- it created discomfort, it created a sense of teamwork, it created difficulty.  The change of environment in the process- team members began to respect each other more, and the process became more enjoyable.  The freedom and change in the process- freedom to voice opinions and to actively listen, the use of experience to lead elsewhere in the school.  How issues of power are better understood by working together- the former process was less collaborative, politics will always be part of the process. As a result of this study, members have started using this decision-making methodology in other areas of administration.

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Applications of Web-QFD and E-Delphi method in the higher education system

Human Systems Management ◽

10.3233/hsm-2004-23406 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 245-256

Author(s):

Shun-Hsing Chen ◽

Ching-Chow Yang

Keyword(s):

Education System ◽

Delphi Method ◽

Quality Function Deployment ◽

Decision Makers ◽

The Internet ◽

Total Quality ◽

Web Based ◽

Team Members ◽

Higher Education System ◽

The Individual

Quality function deployment (QFD) is an essential tool in implementing total quality management (TQM). This study applies a Web-QFD approach using group decision-making analysis in the Web environment to reduce the complicated data collection, aggregation and analysis processes. A Web-based questionnaire is designed by using an active service pages (ASP) involving the Internet relay chat (IRC) technique and the Delphi method with Internet (E-Delphi) to determine the importance degree of the customers' requirements. However, the traditional Delphi method is time-consuming mission. This study applies the proposed Web-QFD approach to efficiently gather the individual opinions of each team member, the requirements that are critical for customers, and then enables decision makers to accurately assess the priorities of these requirements. An empirical example of an education system in Taiwan is employed to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed Web-QFD model. This real world example involves team members communicating easily and quickly with other experts in the team through the Internet to accelerate the reaching of a consensus among multiple decision makers regardless of where their location. Customers' requirements can be rapidly prioritized based on the assessment results.

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Understanding decisions about antibiotic prescribing in ICU: an application of the Necessity Concerns Framework

BMJ Quality & Safety ◽

10.1136/bmjqs-2020-012479 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjqs-2020-012479

Author(s):

Alyssa M Pandolfo ◽

Robert Horne ◽

Yogini Jani ◽

Tom W Reader ◽

Natalie Bidad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Out Of Hours ◽

Team Members ◽

Clinical Vignettes ◽

Molecular Microbiology ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

The Individual

BackgroundAntibiotics are extensively prescribed in intensive care units (ICUs), yet little is known about how antibiotic-related decisions are made in this setting. We explored how beliefs, perceptions and contextual factors influenced ICU clinicians’ antibiotic prescribing.MethodsWe conducted 4 focus groups and 34 semistructured interviews with clinicians involved in antibiotic prescribing in four English ICUs. Focus groups explored factors influencing prescribing, whereas interviews examined decision-making processes using two clinical vignettes. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, applying the Necessity Concerns Framework.ResultsClinicians’ antibiotic decisions were influenced by their judgement of the necessity for prescribing/not prescribing, relative to their concerns about potential adverse consequences. Antibiotic necessity perceptions were strongly influenced by beliefs that antibiotics would protect patients from deterioration and themselves from the ethical and legal consequences of undertreatment. Clinicians also reported concerns about prescribing antibiotics. These generally centred on antimicrobial resistance; however, protecting the individual patient was prioritised over these societal concerns. Few participants identified antibiotic toxicity concerns as a key influencer. Clinical uncertainty often complicated balancing antibiotic necessity against concerns. Decisions to start or continue antibiotics often represented ‘erring on the side of caution’ as a protective response in uncertainty. This approach was reinforced by previous experiences of negative consequences (‘being burnt’) which motivated prescribing ‘just in case’ of an infection. Prescribing decisions were also context-dependent, exemplified by a lower perceived threshold to prescribe antibiotics out-of-hours, input from external team members and local prescribing norms.ConclusionEfforts to improve antibiotic stewardship should consider clinicians’ desire to protect with a prescription. Rapid molecular microbiology, with appropriate communication, may diminish clinicians’ fears of not prescribing or of using narrower-spectrum antibiotics.

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Silencing and Oblivion of Psychological Trauma, Its Unconscious Aspects, and Their Impact on the Inflation of Vajrayāna. An Analysis of Cross-Group Dynamics and Recent Developments in Buddhist Groups Based on Qualitative Data

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10110622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 622 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anders

Keyword(s):

Group Dynamics ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Psychological Trauma ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Psychological Mechanisms ◽

Teacher Student ◽

New Concepts ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Student Relationship ◽

The Impact

The commercialization of Buddhist philosophy has led to decontextualization and indoctrinating issues across groups, as well as abuse and trauma in that context. Methodologically, from an interdisciplinary approach, based on the current situation in international Buddhist groups and citations of victims from the ongoing research, the psychological mechanisms of rationalizing and silencing trauma were analyzed. The results show how supposedly Buddhist terminology and concepts are used to rationalize and justify economic, psychological and physical abuse. This is discussed against the background of psychological mechanisms of silencing trauma and the impact of ignoring the unconscious in that particular context. Inadequate consideration regarding the teacher–student relationship, combined with an unreflective use of Tibetan honorary titles and distorted conceptualizations of methods, such as the constant merging prescribed in so-called 'guru yoga', resulted in giving up self-responsibility and enhanced dependency. These new concepts, commercialized as 'karma purification' and 'pure view', have served to rationalize and conceal abuse, as well as to isolate the victims. Therefore, we are facing societal challenges, in terms of providing health and economic care to the victims and implementing preventive measures. This use of language also impacts on scientific discourse and Vajrayāna itself, and will affect many future generations.

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Current practice and perceptions of safety protocols for the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the operating room: results of the IP-OR international survey

Pleura and Peritoneum ◽

10.1515/pp-2020-0148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Clerc ◽

Martin Hübner ◽

K.R. Ashwin ◽

S.P. Somashekhar ◽

Beate Rau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operating Room ◽

Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽

Current Practice ◽

High Volume ◽

International Survey ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Team Members ◽

Cleaning Staff ◽

The Individual ◽

Or Team

Abstract Objectives To assess the risk perception and the uptake of measures preventing environment-related risks in the operating room (OR) during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Methods A multicentric, international survey among OR teams in high-volume HIPEC and PIPAC centers: Surgeons (Surg), Scrub nurses (ScrubN), Anesthesiologists (Anest), Anesthesiology nurses (AnesthN), and OR Cleaning staff (CleanS). Scores extended from 0–10 (maximum). Results Ten centers in six countries participated in the study (response rate 100%). Two hundred and eleven responses from 68 Surg (32%), 49 ScrubN (23%), 45 Anest (21%), 31 AnesthN (15%), and 18 CleanS (9%) were gathered. Individual uptake of protection measures was 51.4%, similar among professions and between HIPEC and PIPAC. Perceived levels of protection were 7.57 vs. 7.17 for PIPAC and HIPEC, respectively (p<0.05), with Anesth scoring the lowest (6.81). Perceived contamination risk was 4.19 for HIPEC vs. 3.5 for PIPAC (p<0.01). Information level was lower for CleanS and Anesth for HIPEC and PIPAC procedures compared to all other responders (6.48 vs. 4.86, and 6.48 vs. 5.67, p<0.01). Willingness to obtain more information was 86%, the highest among CleanS (94%). Conclusions Experience with the current practice of safety protocols was similar during HIPEC and PIPAC. The individual uptake of protection measures was rather low. The safety perception was better for PIPAC, but the perceived level of protection remained relatively low. The willingness to obtain more information was high. Intensified, standardized training of all OR team members involved in HIPEC and PIPAC is meaningful.

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Development of an Industry Test Facility and Qualification Process for ILI Technology Evaluation and Enhancements: Performance Evaluation Phase

Volume 1: Pipeline and Facilities Integrity ◽

10.1115/ipc2018-78635 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Cazenave ◽

Ming Gao ◽

Hans Deeb ◽

Sean Black

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Technology Development ◽

New Technology ◽

Test Facility ◽

Technology Evaluation ◽

Team Members ◽

Integrity Assessment ◽

Evaluation Phase ◽

The Individual ◽

Pull Tests

The project “Development of an Industry Test Facility and Qualification Processes for in-line inspection (ILI) technology Evaluation and Enhancements” aims to expand knowledge of ILI technology performance and identify gaps where new technology is needed. Additionally, this project also aims to provide ILI technology developers, researchers and pipeline operators a continuing resource for accessing test samples with a range of pipeline integrity threats and vintages; and inline technology test facilities at the Technology Development Center (TDC) of Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), a PRCI managed facility available for future industry and PHMSA research projects. An ILI pull test facility was designed and constructed as part of this project based on industry state-of-the-art and opportunities for capability improvement. The major ILI technology providers, together with pipeline operator team members, reviewed the TDC sample inventory and developed a series of ILI performance tests illustrating one of multiple possible research objectives, culminating in 16-inch and 24-inch nominal diameter test strings. The ILI technology providers proposed appropriate inspection tools based on the types of the integrity threats in the test strings, a series of pull tests of the provided ILI tools were performed, and the technology providers delivered reports of integrity anomaly location and dimensions for performance evaluation. Quantitative measures of detection and sizing performance were confidentially disclosed to the individual ILI technology providers. For instances where ILI predictions were outside of claimed performance, the vendors were given a limited sample of actual defect data to enable re-analysis, thus demonstrating the potential for improved integrity assessment with validation measurements. In this paper, an evaluation of the ILI data obtained from repeated pull-through testing on the 16 and 24-inch pipeline strings at the TDC is performed. The resulting data was aligned, analyzed, and compared to truth data and the findings of the evaluation are presented.

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Bringing Ergonomics to the Design of a Behavioural Care Unit

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120004400802 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Jacqueline B. Barnett

Keyword(s):

Design Process ◽

Iterative Process ◽

User Needs ◽

Work Processes ◽

Team Members ◽

Early Design ◽

Design Changes ◽

Final Design ◽

The Individual ◽

The Cost

The application of ergonomics is important when considering the built environment. In order to create an environment where form follows function, a detailed understanding of the tasks performed by the individuals who will live and work in the facility is required. Early involvement in the project is key to maximizing the benefit of ergonomics. At Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada, this early intervention was embraced during the design process of a behavioural care unit for aggressive patients. The ergonomist was involved in three phases of design; user needs analysis, block schematics and detailed design. The user needs and characteristics were established using a combination of focus groups, interviews, direct observation, task analysis and critique of current working environments. The challenge was to present the information to the design team in a useful manner. The format chosen was a modification of Userfit (Poulson 1996) that outlined the various characteristics of the patient group and the design consequences with “what does this mean for me” statements. During the block schematics phase an iterative design process was used to ensure that the ergonomic principles and the user needs were incorporated into the design. Ergonomic input was used in determining the room sizes and layout and to ensure work processes were considered. Simple mock-ups and anthropometric data assisted in illustrating the need for design changes. Examples that highlight the areas of greatest impact of ergonomic intervention include the patient bathrooms, showers and tub room. Significant changes were made to the design to improve the safety of the work and living space of the end users. One of the greatest challenges was having an appreciation for the individual goals of the team members. Ensuring there was adequate space for equipment and staff often resulted in recommendations for increased space. This in turn would increase the cost of the project. The architect and, later in the project, the engineer had goals of bringing the project in on budget. The final design was very much a team effort and truly die result of an iterative process. The sum of the individual contributions could not match the combined efforts. It was only through the ergonomic contributions in this early design phase that the needs of the staff, patients and families could be so well represented. The success of the iterative process provides the foundation for bringing ergonomics considerations into the early design stages of future projects.

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Het belang van de context voor onderzoek binnen de organisatiepsychologie

Gedrag & Organisatie ◽

10.5117/2012.025.003.244 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Wim van Breukelen

Keyword(s):

Organizational Behavior ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Field Studies ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Organizational Characteristics ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Individual ◽

Underlying Processes ◽

Voor Onderzoek

The importance of context in research on organizational behavior The importance of context in research on organizational behavior This article emphasizes the need to pay more attention to the context in field studies of organizational behavior. The context refers to factors external to the individual, which include organizational characteristics and societal and cultural factors. The context may offer additional explanations for research findings and may improve insights in underlying processes. In addition, a focus on contextual factors in a study may increase the fit between research and practice. This article describes the potential effects of contextual factors and offers possible reasons for the lack of attention to context in many studies. Finally, several recommendations are presented in order to bring contextual factors back into the study of behavior in organizations.

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