Ochrolechia kerguelensis sp. nov. from the Southern Hemisphere and O. antarctica reinstated from the synonymy of O. parella

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMIEN ERTZ ◽  
ALAN FRYDAY ◽  
IMKE SCHMITT ◽  
MARYVONNE CHARRIER ◽  
MAGDALENA DUDEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gyrophoric Acid

Ochrolechia kerguelensis Ertz & Kukwa is described as new to science from the subantarctic islands of Kerguelen. It is characterized by pruinose ascomata, usually 4-spored asci, large ascospores of 50–90 × 32–56 µm, the production of gyrophoric acid only in the apothecia and the lack of variolaric acid. A photobiont with cells containing orange guttules such as in trentepohlioid algae is recorded for the first time in the genus Ochrolechia, being present in O. austroamericana and O. kerguelensis. Ochrolechia antarctica is reinstated from the synonymy of O. parella and treated as a distinct species. Chemical and morphological differences between these taxa are discussed. Ochrolechia chilensis and O. deceptionis are treated as synonyms of O. antarctica. The phylogenetic placement of O. antarctica, O. austroamericana and O. kerguelensis is investigated using mtSSU rDNA sequences and a Bayesian analysis. A key to all fertile, saxicolous Ochrolechia species with a C+ red epihymenium occurring in the Southern Hemisphere is presented.

Morphological and molecular characterization of two species of Gelidium (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from Mexico: G. nayaritense sp. nov. and the new record of G. sanyaense

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 527 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
NATALY QUIROZ-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
MA. EDITH PONCE-MÁRQUEZ ◽  
NORMA LÓPEZ-GÓMEZ ◽  
DENÍ RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time

Gelidium pusillum is a species reported from the northern Gulf of California to the tropical region of the Mexican Pacific, but there is wide morphological variation among populations. The objective of this research was to evaluate of the Mexican species using morphological and molecular approaches, with the markers rbcL and COI-5P. This study examined 12 samples from four sites in the Mexican tropical Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these specimens within two clades separated from the topotype material of G. pusillum. The main morphological differences with other Mexican and phylogenetic closely related species were size, branching pattern, branching order, distribution of internal rhizoidal filaments, and shape of the tetrasporangial sori. The sequence divergences between these clades and the morphological differences support their representing distinct species so that Gelidium nayaritense sp. nov. is proposed for tropical specimens of the Mexican Pacific, whose diagnostic characteristics are the little or absent branching, its small size, as well as the presence of internal rhizoidal filaments concentrated in the subcortex, further G. sanyaense is register for first time from Mexico and Eastern Pacific.

Veluticeps fasciculata sp. nov. (Gloeophyllaceae, Basidiomycota), a close relative to V. berkeleyi

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Yang ◽  
Karen K. Nakasone ◽  
Shuang-Hui He
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
First Time

A new brown-rot fungal species, Veluticeps fasciculata, is described from southern China. It is characterized by perennial effused basidiocarps with smooth or tuberculose hymenophore, nodose-septate generative hyphae, fasciculate cystidia (as hyphal pegs in hymenophore) and relatively small basidiospores. It occurs on wood of Cunninghamia and Cryptomeria. Although similar to Veluticeps berkeleyi, morphological and molecular (ITS rDNA sequences) data show that V. fasciculata is a distinct species. Complete description and illustrations are provided for the V. fasciculata. In addition, V. fimbriata is reported from China for the first time.

Taxonomic Observations Within Stellaria (Caryophyllaceae): Insights from Ecology, Geography, Morphology, and Phylogeny Suggest Widespread Parallelism in Starworts and Erode Previous Infrageneric Classifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-886
Author(s):  
Mathew T. Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Stellaria Longipes ◽  
Future Work ◽  
First Time

Abstract—Recent phylogenetic analysis circumscribes the bounds of a core genus of Stellaria comprising five major extant clades and around 112 species. Some finer scale phylogenetic relationships emerging from that study are interpreted here. The Larbreae and Petiolares clades are the main foci, as they comprise the bulk of Stellaria diversity. In particular, I address the implications of our phylogenetic work on some widespread and morphologically complex lineages of starworts, including the Stellaria borealis, Stellaria cuspidata, Stellaria longipes, and Stellaria media groups, and also briefly discuss other subclades within the Larbreae and Petiolares clades. Based on phylogenetic evidence, Stellaria sitchana is here recognized as a distinct species from Stellaria borealis rather than as Stellaria borealis subsp. sitchana, and this lineage is furthermore reported from the southern hemisphere for the first time. Other newly discovered lineages that require revised nomenclatural concepts pending future work also are briefly treated. Overall, a picture of widespread evolutionary parallelism emerges within Stellaria, and this parallelism is largely responsible for the non-monophyletic nature of most previous subdivisions of the genus.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

Alkaliphilic species Euastrum lacustre (Charophyta, Zygnematophyceae), first record from Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
O. V. Anissimova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kursk Region

Euastrum lacustre is reported for Russia for the first time. This alcaliphilic species was found in the periphyton and plankton of three lakes in the Kursk Region (European Russia). A description of morphology, including the relief of cell wall, and habitats where this taxon is found are represented. LM and SEM microphotographs are provided. Morphological differences of E. lacustre from similar species are discussed. New species for region, namely Closterium aciculare, Cosmarium formosulum, C. granatum, C. pseudoinsigne, C. reniforme and Staurastrum pingue, are found in the samples together with E. lacustre.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

scholarly journals Plastid phylogenomics resolves ambiguous relationships within the orchid family and provides a solid timeframe for biogeography and macroevolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Serna-Sánchez ◽  
Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar ◽  
Diego Bogarín ◽  
María Fernanda Torres-Jimenez ◽  
Astrid Catalina Alvarez-Yela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
First Time

AbstractRecent phylogenomic analyses based on the maternally inherited plastid organelle have enlightened evolutionary relationships between the subfamilies of Orchidaceae and most of the tribes. However, uncertainty remains within several subtribes and genera for which phylogenetic relationships have not ever been tested in a phylogenomic context. To address these knowledge-gaps, we here provide the most extensively sampled analysis of the orchid family to date, based on 78 plastid coding genes representing 264 species, 117 genera, 18 tribes and 28 subtribes. Divergence times are also provided as inferred from strict and relaxed molecular clocks and birth–death tree models. Our taxon sampling includes 51 newly sequenced plastid genomes produced by a genome skimming approach. We focus our sampling efforts on previously unplaced clades within tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae. Our results confirmed phylogenetic relationships in Orchidaceae as recovered in previous studies, most of which were recovered with maximum support (209 of the 262 tree branches). We provide for the first time a clear phylogenetic placement for Codonorchideae within subfamily Orchidoideae, and Podochilieae and Collabieae within subfamily Epidendroideae. We also identify relationships that have been persistently problematic across multiple studies, regardless of the different details of sampling and genomic datasets used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Our study provides an expanded, robust temporal phylogenomic framework of the Orchidaceae that paves the way for biogeographical and macroevolutionary studies.

scholarly journals CPC2 Reduction with Hipparcos and Proper Motions in The Southern Hemisphere

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 551-551
Author(s):  
N. Zacharias ◽  
M.I. Zacharias ◽  
C. de Vegt ◽  
C.A. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Reference Star ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Star Catalog ◽  
Naval Observatory ◽  
Celestial Reference System ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than

The Second Cape Photographic Catalog (CPC2) contains 276,131 stars covering the entire Southern Hemisphere in a 4-fold overlap pattern. Its mean epoch is 1968, which makes it a key catalog for proper motions. A new reduction of the 5687 plates using on average 40 Hipparcos stars per plate has resulted in a vastly improved catalog with a positional accuracy of about 40 mas (median value) per coordinate, which comes very close to the measuring precision. In particular, for the first time systematic errors depending on magnitude and color can be solved unambiguously and have been removed from the catalog. In combination with the Tycho Catalogue (mean epoch 1991.25) and the upcoming U.S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) project proper motions better than 2 mas/yr can be obtained. This will lead to a vastly improved reference star catalog in the Southern Hemisphere for the final Astrographic Catalogue (AC) reductions, which will then provide propermotions for millions of stars when combined with new epoch data. These data then will allow an uncompromised reduction of the southern Schmidt surveys on the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS).

scholarly journals First instar larvae of endemic Australian Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szpila ◽  
Kinga Walczak ◽  
Nikolas P. Johnston ◽  
Thomas Pape ◽  
James F. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe first instar larva of a species of the Australian endemic genus Aenigmetopia Malloch is described for the first time, along with the first instar larvae of three other Australian species representing the genera Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy and Protomiltogramma Townsend. Larval morphology was analysed using a combination of light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The following morphological structures are documented: pseudocephalon, antennal complex, maxillary palpus, facial mask, modifications of thoracic and abdominal segments, anal region, spiracular field, posterior spiracles and details of the cephaloskeleton. Substantial morphological differences are observed between the three genera, most notably in the labrum and mouthhooks of the cephaloskeleton, sensory organs of the pseudocephalon, spinulation, sculpture of the integument and form of the spiracular field. The first instar larval morphology of Aenigmetopia amissa Johnston, Wallman, Szpila & Pape corroborates the close phylogenetic affinity of Aenigmetopia Malloch with Metopia Meigen, inferred from recent molecular analysis. The larval morphology of Amobia auriceps (Baranov), Protomiltogramma cincta Townsend and Protomiltogramma plebeia Malloch is mostly congruent with the morphology of Palaearctic representatives of both genera.

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