A case study on the Trichoptera fauna of springs in the escarpment mountains of southern Africa (Insecta, Trichoptera)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
WOLFRAM MEY
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Great Escarpment ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

The Trichoptera assemblages of three springs in the escarpment and on the Waterberg of Namibia, and of two springs in the Great Escarpment of South Africa were collected at irregular intervals. The species composition of each spring is presented and discussed in terms of permanence and stability of spring areas. The study has revealed a poor fauna in the Namibian escarpment, which consists of widespread species whereas the springs on the Waterberg and in the Great Escarpment are more speciose and contain relict and possible endemic species as well as widespread and euryoecious species. The differences are due to different degrees of isolation and distance from other freshwater ecosystems and suitable aquatic biotopes in the arid and semiarid environment of southwestern Africa.

South Africa’s Proxy War in Angola

Proxy War ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 157-181
Author(s):  
Tyrone L. Groh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
African National Congress ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
National Congress ◽  
High Degree

This chapter presents a case study for how South Africa used UNITA as a proxy to intervene in the tense civil war in Angola to protect itself from communist influence. Pretoria wanted to prevent the African National Congress from taking over South Africa by force and to minimize Soviet influence in the region. UNITA received relatively overt support, operated with a high degree of autonomy, and had highly divergent objectives. Although the international community rhetorically opposed South Africa’s involvement in Angola, the actions of the United States and Western Europe reflected a more tacit approval. Domestically, South Africa’s public was reluctantly supportive but only on the condition that the costs remain low. Considering that most states had already rhetorically condemned Pretoria’s government and its foreign policy in southern Africa, it is interesting that states failed to raise the international costs of South Africa’s indirect intervention in Angola.

Impacts of global climate change in a hydrologically vulnerable region: challenges to South African hydrologists

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Climate Change Effects

South Africa is already hydrologically vulnerable and this is likely to be exacerbated by both nonpermanent ENSO-related as well as more permanently greenhouse-gas forced climate changes. Climate change effects are explained by way of the hydrological equation. This serves as a backdrop to a brief review, in a hydrological context, of projected perturbations to temperature, rainfall and potential evaporation, over southern Africa. Methodologies for simulating hydro logical responses to climate change are assessed. These include more direct GCM-derived output, with some emphasis on recent advances in climatic downscaling, and the application of appro priate hydrological models for use in impact studies. Scale problems of importance to hydrologists are highlighted. Directions to which climate change-related hydrological research efforts should be expended in South Africa are summarized, before two case study simulations, one a general sensitivity study of hydrological responses to changes in rainfall over southern Africa, the other a more specific hydrological response study to the El Niño of the 1982-83 season, are presented. The article concludes with a discussion on whether or not water resources practitioners in South Africa should respond to climate change.

The Fauna and Overall Interpretation of the “Cutting 10” Acheulean Site at Elandsfontein (Hopefield), Southwestern Cape Province, South Africa

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Klein
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Absence Of Evidence

The Cutting 10 site at Elandsfontein (Hopefield), southwestern Cape Province, South Africa, is one of only three sites in southern Africa where bones and Acheulean artifacts have been documented together in primary or near primary context and the only such site where the association is in the open air. The Cutting 10 bones belong to a minimum of 15 mammalian species, which together suggest both a mid-Pleistocene age for the site and a vegetational setting in which grasses played a much more important role than they did historically. The absence of evidence for hearths, windbreaks, and other features, the composition of the artifact assemblage, the relatively sparse scatter of bones and artifacts, the relatively high bone to artifact ratio, the species composition of the fauna, and the numbers of different kinds of skeletal elements represented all indicate that the Cutting 10 occurrence was more a butchering site than a campsite. Although people are probably responsible for most of the bones, some of them probably come from animals that were killed by large carnivores or that died naturally.

scholarly journals Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XLIX. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Horak ◽  
Christiaan R. Boshoff ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
Christoper M. Foggin ◽  
Danny Govender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Hyalomma Rufipes

The objectives of the study were to determine the species composition of ticks infesting white and black rhinoceroses in southern Africa as well as the conservation status of those tick species that prefer rhinos as hosts. Ticks were collected opportunistically from rhinos that had been immobilised for management purposes, and 447 white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) and 164 black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) were sampled in South Africa, 61 black rhinos in Namibia, 18 white and 12 black rhinos in Zimbabwe, and 24 black rhinos in Zambia. Nineteen tick species were recovered, of which two species, Amblyomma rhinocerotis and Dermacentor rhinocerinus, prefer rhinos as hosts. A. rhinocerotis was collected only in the northeastern KwaZulu-Natal reserves of South Africa and is endangered, while D. rhinocerinus is present in these reserves as well as in the Kruger National Park and surrounding conservancies. Eight of the tick species collected from the rhinos are ornate, and seven species are regularly collected from cattle. The species present on rhinos in the eastern, moister reserves of South Africa were amongst others Amblyomma hebraeum, A. rhinocerotis, D. rhinocerinus, Rhipicephalus maculatus, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus zumpti, while those on rhinos in the Karoo and the drier western regions, including Namibia, were the drought-tolerant species, Hyalomma glabrum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus gertrudae. The species composition of ticks on rhinoceroses in Zambia differed markedly from those of the other southern African countries in that Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma tholloni and Amblyomma variegatum accounted for the majority of infestations.

scholarly journals Public transportation solutions in Southern Africa: case study Zimbabwe and South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽  
Carole Mtizi ◽  
Felix O. Iyalomhe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gps Technology ◽  
Universal Solution

Our research investigates current challenges faced in southern Africa’s public transport sector and proposes a possible solution to overcome these challenges. Using South Africa and Zimbabwe as case studies, we identify shared challenges experienced in both countries for which a universal solution may be adopted. It was found that these challenges could mostly be attributed to government actions. We propose a need for better integration of social outcomes within public transport policy at the strategic, tactical and operational levels throughout the region. Moreover, we suggest that technology-driven solutions can be introduced in the public transport realm, amongst other solutions, entailing a universal cashless payment system coupled with GPS technology.

scholarly journals Diversity and Conservation through Cultivation of Hypoxis in Africa—A Case Study of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motiki M. Mofokeng ◽  
Hintsa T. Araya ◽  
Stephen O. Amoo ◽  
David Sehlola ◽  
Christian P. du Plooy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Wild Harvesting ◽  
Hypoxis Hemerocallidea

Africa has the largest diversity of the genus Hypoxis, accounting for 61% of the current globally accepted taxa within the genus, including some endemic species. Using Hypoxis hemerocallidea as a case study, this review addresses the conservation concerns arising from the unsustainable, wild harvesting of a number of Hypoxis species. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is one of the wild-harvested, economically important, indigenous medicinal plants of southern Africa, with potential in natural product and drug development. There are several products made from the species, including capsules, tinctures, tonics and creams that are available in the market. The use of H. hemerocallidea as a “cure-all” medicine puts an important harvesting pressure on the species. Unsustainable harvesting causes a continuing decline of its populations and it is therefore of high priority for conservation, including a strong case to cultivate the species. Reviewing the current knowledge and gaps on cultivation of H. hemerocallidea, we suggest the creation of a platform for linking all the stakeholders in the industry.

scholarly journals Incarnation theology versus the sacralisation of authority

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retief Muller
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Opposite Process ◽  
Incarnational Theology ◽  
Political Realities

This article juxtaposed the theological theme of incarnation with quasi-religious invasions of public power structures and institutions in southern Africa, which has been described by the term sacralisation of authority. Incarnational theology as constructed on the model of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ concerns a Divine-human border crossing from above to below or from power into powerlessness. Sacralisation of authority concerns an opposite process whereby mundane structures and people of power seek to bolster their authority even further by the acquisition of godlike attributes. This article referred to political realities in southern Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe and South Africa as illustrative of the latter, whereas the Tshwane Leadership Foundation – a non-governmental organisation (NGO) operating in Tshwane’s inner city – served as a case study in incarnational theology of the grassroots.

Stratigraphy of late Quaternary mountain slope landforms and deposits in southern Africa and their significance for the dynamics of mountain sediment systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Knight ◽  
S.W. Grab
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Mountain Slope ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Great Escarpment ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract Mountains are areas of high potential sediment yield due to their steep slopes and generally cool, wet climates. Mountain sediments are moved by gravity-driven and often cryogenically-influenced processes, and captured within valleys or footslopes in the form of screes, alluvial/colluvial fans and terraces, or on hillslopes in the form of solifluction sheets, debris lobes/ridges and openwork block deposits. This study critically examines the geomorphic, sedimentary, stratigraphic and dating evidence from cryogenically-influenced late Quaternary slope deposits found along the highest sectors of the Great Escarpment in the Eastern Cape Province (South Africa) and Maloti–Drakensberg range (Lesotho, and KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa). This evidence is set in the context of mountain weathering and erosion/transportation processes during the late Quaternary, and the dynamics of such sedimentary systems. Despite many general reports and observations, there is little detailed and quantitative evidence for late Quaternary slope processes, products and stratigraphy in southern Africa. This study integrates the existing morphological, sedimentary and dating evidence to examine mountain slope evolution in southern Africa based on the conceptual framework of sediment cascades. Application of this framework can help explain the spatial and temporal differences in sediment supply and dynamics observed in different sectors of the Great Escarpment during the late Quaternary.

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