A new family of the order Ctenopoda (Crustacea: Cladocera) from the depths of the Black Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1795 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAI M. KOROVCHINSKY ◽  
NELLI G. SERGEEVA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Resting Eggs ◽  
Brood Pouch ◽  
Outer Shell ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
New Family ◽  
Anaerobic Zone ◽  
Sensory Seta

The recently described Pseudopenilia bathyalis Sergeeva, 2004, found in the depths of the Black Sea and initially attributed to family Sididae (Crustacea: Cladocera: Ctenopoda), have after reinvestigation been placed in Pseudopenilidae, a new family of the cladoceran order Ctenopoda. The following set of the main diagnostic features characterize Pseudopenilidae: comparatively large antennules with long sensory seta and five aesthetascs; long and massive second antennae with two-segmented branches armed with long, one-segmented, needle-shaped setae without setules; maxillules without long setae; lack of second maxillae; closed brood pouch; six pairs of similar thoracic limbs without gnathobases and filtering setae; small epipodites present only on thoracic limbs of first pair; large postabdomen, having massive terminal claws and one-segmented, needle-shaped setae nanatoriae without setules; resting eggs with hard outer shell. Among Ctenopoda, Pseudopenilidae is closest to the marine Penilia (family Sididae, subfamily Penilinae) but is at the same time very different. P. bathyalis is a member of the recently discovered community of invertebrates, populating the deep anaerobic zone of the Black Sea, whose taxonomic diversity and mode of existence need further investigations.

scholarly journals CURRENT VIEWS ON THE DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF DEEP-WATER MEIOBENTHOS AT THE TURKISH SHELF (BLACK SEA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Nelli G. Sergeeva ◽  
Derya Ürkmez
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
High Level

Deep-water meiobenthos of Turkish shelf has been evaluated at the Black Sea exit of İstanbul Strait (Bosphorus) and off Sinop peninsula as a result of three scientific cruises. Taxonomic diversity of meiobenthos communities was studied at the Black Sea exit of Bosphorus on a transect with a depth range of 75-300 m. The bottom sediments were collected at the area during two cruises, on board RV "Arar'' (of Turkey) and ''Maria S. Merian" (of Germany) in November 2009 and April 2010, respectively. Data on meiobenthos inhabiting both normoxic and extreme conditions was collected in the studied area and meiobenthos composition included 26 high level taxa. In addition, 2-3 morphotypes of benthic fauna were recorded as incertae sedis, which require further study. The number of higher taxa decreased from 22 to 14-8 when switching from oxygenic conditions (50-125 m) to the anoxic hydrogen sulphide environment (226-300 m). The constant components of meiobenthos included protists (Ciliophora, Gromiidea and soft-shelled Foraminifera), and metazoans were constantly represented by Nematoda and Harpacticoida. In 2011, a quantitative study on meiobenthic composition of the oxic/anoxic interface at the western part off Sinop Peninsula (Southern Black Sea) has also been investigated. The material was collected by ROVs during the expedition (Black Sea Leg) of the exploration vessel (E/V) Nautilus. Results showed that the taxa composition of meiobenthos ranged from 4 to 10 major groups. Free-living marine nematodes were numerically the dominant taxon at each station. Total abundances decreased in parallel to increasing water depth, hence decreasing oxygen levels.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the northern Black Sea. Part V: Annelida (Polychaeta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. A. Boltachova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Rapa Whelk

The study of Annelida (Polychaeta) taxocene – epibionts of the invasive gastropod Rapana venosa – continues the cycle of publications describing the composition of the consortium of the largest gastropod of the Black Sea benthos. R. venosa consortium is still a poorly investigated and unaccounted component in the structure of the Black Sea shelf biocenoses. The aim of this work is to study the complex of polychaetes of R. venosa consortium. The objectives of this stage are as follows: compiling a list of Annelida (Polychaeta) taxa – rapa whelk epibionts; studying taxocene biogeographic and trophic structure; and analyzing ecological relationships of polychaetes with the consortium core. To study the consort community of rapa whelk, sampling was conducted in seven areas of the northern Black Sea: 1 – Mamaia, Romania; 2 – northwestern Black Sea, Crimea offshore; 3 – Sevastopol; 4 – Alupka; 5 – Yalta – Alushta; 6 – Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. In the coastal area down to a depth of 15 m, R. venosa was sampled totally using surface-supplied diving equipment; in the deeper-water area (up to 40 m), samples were taken with an “Ocean-50” bottom grab from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Each rapa whelk specimen (sample) was placed in a separate plastic bag, with the indication of the area, depth, and biotope. In total, 2,411 samples were taken and analyzed: 977 – rock rapa whelks and 1434 – sand rapa whelks. R. venosa shell coverage with epibionts (fouling intensity) was determined as a percentage of the total area of the outer shell surface. Polychaeta taxocene of R. venosa consortium includes 31 species representing 31 genera of 15 families of 2 subclasses. Most species (18) belong to Errantia, and half of them are representatives of the families Nereididae and Syllidae. Sedentaria includes 13 species; by the largest number of species (4), the family Serpulidae is represented. Polychaeta taxocene of R. venosa consortium is represented by three biogeographic groups: native species of the Mediterranean-Atlantic genesis (84 %), the Black Sea endemics (10 %), and recent invaders of various geographical genesis (6 %). On sand rapa whelk, 31 Polychaeta species were found; on rock rapa whelk, only 5 species were recorded. The indicators of Polychaeta fauna development differ significantly by the depth and research area. The most diverse polychaetes are those in bays of Sevastopol (the area No. 3) at depths of 2–10 m; the maximum depth of Polychaeta finding (40 m) corresponds to the greatest depth of rapa whelk sampling. The area of shell coverage with polychaetes reaches 70 %; occurrence in several areas is up to 95 %. The maximum number of species found at a single rapa whelk specimen is 8; on average, 2–4 Polychaeta species are recorded at R. venosa individuals. Taxonomic diversity and abundance of polychaetes determine their significance in R. venosa consortium. Due to the invasive predatory mollusc R. venosa, polychaetes get additional opportunities for spread on the Black Sea shelf.

scholarly journals The structural basis of regional differences in taxonomic diversity of benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the Black Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
E. L. Nevrova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Benthic Diatoms ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Flora Diversity

The important aim for preservation of the Black Sea microalgae is evaluation of diatom flora diversity and revelation of its formation patterns. The focus of this paper is analysis of benthic diatoms diversity in the regions of Northern shelf of the Black Sea and disclosure of the causes for their differences on the different hierarchical levels within each of the three classes of Bacillariophyta. Based on the own sampling surveys results and published sources, the revision of benthic diatom flora of the Black Sea was evaluated and current taxonomic diversity was estimated by using of Taxonomical Distinctness Indices (TaxDI). Updated diatom inventory from 5 regions (Bulgarian, Romanian, North-Western, Crimean and Caucasian shelf) holds 1094 species and intraspecific taxa, pooled in 953 species, 149 genera, 61 families, 32 order and 3 classes Bacillariophyta. Current taxonomic richness of the Black Sea benthic diatoms has 1094 species and intraspecific taxa (953 species, 149 genera, 61 families, 32 orders and 3 classes). At the Crimean coast registered 884 species (81 % of the total species number), at NWBS – 556 (51 %) off the coast of Bulgaria – 271 (25 %), Romania – 358 (33 %), the Caucasus – 310 (28 %). Mean TaxDI values (∆+ and Λ+) for diatom assemblages from these regions were calculated and its deviation from expected average level, corresponding to Black Sea master-list, was assessed. Deviation of the index from expected average level in each of the three classes was found to depend on the structure of the phylogenetic branches. The greatest influence on the hierarchical tree of Bacillariophyta is revealed to bring the mono- and oligospecies branches. Character of deviation of the regional diatom flora structure fromexpected average level is caused of the species, which forming a mono- or oligospecies branches up to the node of order. Suchlike species (33) with high rank of taxonomic exclusiveness are highlighted from the several regions. Disappearance of such species leads to reducing of entire phylogenetic branch from the regional tree of Bacillariophyta. Among mono- and oligospecific taxa the group of 12 species was marked out particularly. These species have the highest rank of taxonomic exclu-siveness and were cited once in the only regions. Elimination of these species from the regional flora entails to dis-appearance of the monospecies branch (including genus, family and order) from the Black Sea flora. It would deter-mine the decrease of taxonomic diversity and significant changes in hierarchical tree of Bacillariophyta as the con-crete region as well the whole Black Sea. Structure of regional tree of Crimean region almost approached the ex-pected mode for the whole Black Sea diatom flora. The value of ∆+ for Crimean coast was the lowest (81.38). It may evidence about great share of polyspecies branches in the hierarchical tree and the maximum value of species/genus ratio (7) and lead to decreasing the vertical evenness in diatom taxocene structure for Crimea. On the contrary, the value of ∆+ for Romania coast was highest (85.9). It were caused of great number of oligospecies branches closingup on genus and family taxonomic levels and minimum value of this ratio (4) and determined more flattened pattern of taxonomical tree structure.

First researches of the underwater ecosystem communities of an underground channel built in 1950s (Balaklava bay, Sevastopol)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Nelly G. Sergeeva ◽  
Yuriy S. Tarariev ◽  
Roman V. Gorbunov ◽  
Nikolay K. Revkov ◽  
Natalya A. Boltachova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Average Density ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Underground Channel ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Biological Studies

The results of the first studies of the ecosystem state of the underwater part of the channel, artificially created in the middle of the 20th century on the western shore of the Balaklava Bay (Sevastopol) as a naval base of the Black Sea Fleet for the submarines repair, are presented. Channel's ecosystem is determined by uniqueness of anthropogenic formation and considered as analogue of natural Black Sea cave. Hydrospelological survey of the channel and biological studies allowed assessing its current state, the nature of biofouling of its walls and anthropogenic and technical pollution of the bottom. Macrofauna of the channel wall biofouling is represented by the Mytilaster lineatus community, which has a high level of species abundance (about 80 species have been registered) and quantitative development. Both in taxonomic diversity and in quantitative terms, this community is comparable to the rocky substrate community near open Crimean coasts, but with a smaller share of crustacean group development. Due to weakened hydrodynamics, well developed fauna of bryozoans forming plurannual crusty structures and single sponges is observed on the channel's walls. In contrast to the channel walls biofouling, its bottom macrofauna has relatively lower quantitative and qualitative composition. Meiobenthos in the channel’s wall biofouling is represented by 18 higher taxa (type, class, order) of Protozoa and Metazoa with predominance of harpacticoids by abundance. Meiobenthos of the soft bottom of underground channel is represented by 15 higher taxa with predominance of free-living nematodes and harpacticoids by abundance. Average density of meiobenthos in the channel’s bottom sediments is comparable with similar parameters of its development in open water areas and Sevastopol bays.

scholarly journals The taxonomic diversity of mycobiota in the coastal waters of Crimea (the Black Sea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
N. I. Kopytina ◽  
I. A. Dudka
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
New Information ◽  
Water Bottom

New information about fungi distribution, change of genera names and change of the systematic attribution of some species determine the necessity of revision of the Crimean coastal waters mycobiota. The purpose of this work is to conduct a revision of fungi names synonymy, to reveal specific richness, to give quantitative evaluation and to perform comparative analysis of the taxonomic diversity of mycobiota of different regions and biotopes in the Black Sea sector of the Crimean coastal waters and west khalistaza on the base of literature and our own data. The following biotopes have been studied: water, bottom sediments, algae, integument of invertebrates, dolphins’ skin, Zostera marina and wood. The taxonomic list of marine mycobiota included 275 species from 105 genera, 40 families, 26 orders, 15 classes, 5 phylum. The number of species in areas has changed from 19 (6.9 % of composition) in west khalistaza to 147 (53.4 %) in Kazach’ya Bay, in biotopes – from 17 (6.2 %) on the skin of dolphins to 157 (57.1 %) in bottom sediments. The valuation of fungal species variety was made with the usage of Taxonomic Distinctness Indices TaxDI (Δ+ and Λ+). The complexity of the minimum taxonomic diversity (Δ+ = 66.4) was identified in the west khalistaza, the maximum – in the Sevastopol’skaya Bay (Δ+ = 80.2). The minimum value of the index (Δ+ = 70.0) was identified in the fragments of wood, the maximum (Δ+ = 86.2) – on invertebrates. The less taxonomic variety was revealed in the complexes, in which the basis of the composition (81.8–89.5 % in areas and 76.5–87.1 % in biotopes) was presented by polyspecies branches of mycobiota from the “leading” families and genera. The number of examined biotopes has determined the distinctive features of the hierarchic diversity of mycobiota. The obligate aquatic fungi isolated from invertebrates and from fragments of wood has affected the structure of fungal complexes. Maximal similarity of mycocomplexes at all taxonomical levels was registered in Kazach’ya and Kamyshovaya bays, minimal – in mycocomplexes of west khalistaza and Sevastopol’skaya Bay. The greatest similarity of structure was registered in biotopes of water and bottom sediments, the smallest – in biotopes of water and wood.

Reduced forms of sulfur on the upper border of the anaerobic zone of the Black Sea

2018 ◽  
pp. 192-215
Author(s):  
A.V. Dubinin ◽  
◽  
T.P. Demidova ◽  
M.N. Rimskaya-Korsakova ◽  
L.S. Semilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Anaerobic Zone ◽  
Reduced Forms

Macroflora of the сoastal waters of the western part of the Heracles peninsula and its intra-annual dynamics (Khersonese cape, the Black Sea)

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Irina K. Evstigneeva ◽  
Irina N. Tankovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
The West ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

The species and ecological composition, species occurrence, quantitative characteristics and peculiarities of the intra-annual variability of macrophytobenthos in the coastal waters of Khersonese cape in the west of the Heracles Peninsula are described. 71 macroalgae species of 46 genera of Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta were revealed. The basis of taxonomic diversity is Rhodophyta, whereas ecological diversity is due to marine, leading, oligosaprobic, and annual species. Based on the study of heterogeneous states of macrophytobenthos in 2004 and 2014, its labile and constant features were determined.

scholarly journals Consorts of gastropod Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Northern Black Sea. Part IV: Arthropoda

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
L. V. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rapana Venosa ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Rapa Whelk

This article containing information about study of the taxocene Arthropoda is a continuation of the cycle describing the composition of the consortium of the invasive gastropod mollusk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846). The consortium of R. venosa is still an unaccounted component in the biocenosis structure of the Black Sea shelf. The material used and the research methods are discussed in detail in previous articles of the cycle. The purpose of this work is to describe the complex of epibiontic organisms and to compile an annotated list of Arthropoda taxa of the consortium of R. venosa. The 27 species of phylum Arthropoda found in the consortium belong to two subphyla: Chelicerata (class Arachnida) and Crustacea (classes Malacostraca and Hexanauplia). The only representative of the arachnids class (Arachnida; Acari) – Rhombognathus notops (Gosse, 1855) – was found just twice (in a single specimen in samplings of 2016 and 2017). The shell of R. venosa serves as a substrate for the development of a variety of algae – favorable habitat for the epiphyton, which causes a high number and diversity of crustaceans in this biotope. The greatest taxonomic diversity was noted for the Malacostraca class – 25 species belonging to 22 genera of 19 families. Arthropods are represented in consortium of R. venosa by two main ecological groups – sedentary and mobile epibionts. The largest species diversity of Arthropoda is inherent in free-living mobile forms (23 species). Sedentary forms, which inferior in number of species (4), dominate by quantity (86 %) and biomass (94 %). The only representative of Cirripedia – Amphibalanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) – is the most common (53 % of the total quantity) and massive crustacean, which contributes the most significant amount to the biomass (91.8 %) of Arthropoda in the consortium. More than 50 % of the Arthropoda species in the consortium are polyphages; phytophages are 20 %; detritophages are 28 % of the total number of arthropod species. The only adult specimen of fish ectoparasites is the isopod Elaphognathia bacescoi (Kussakin, 1969) found in a consortium of sandy rapa-whelk at a depth of 8 m in the Golubaya Bay of Sevastopol. All of the 27 species of Arthropoda found are present in the consortium of the sandy R. venosa, and only 3 species are noted on the rocky rapa-whelks. The differences in the composition of the consortium of the two ecomorphs of R. venosa are mainly due to the great development of the epiphytes and the reduced dynamics of the water masses in the sandy rapa-whelk habitats in Sevastopol region. Due to their taxonomic diversity, quantity and biomass, Arthropoda are an important element of the bottom biocenosis spatially and trophically associated with individuals of the largest gastropod of the Black Sea – R. venosa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document