Morphological re-examination and taxonomy of the genus Macropodus (Perciformes, Osphronemidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1908 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM WINSTANLEY ◽  
KENDALL D. CLEMENTS
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Otolith Morphology

The taxonomy of the paradisefishes of the genus Macropodus (F. Osphronemidae) has been confused due to inadequate sampling and the limitations of morphometrics and meristics in distinguishing species. The validity of the five currently described species, including two species described in 2002, was investigated using morphological characters. These characters included 25 morphometric measurements, otolith morphology, colouration, and counts of scales, vertebrae and spines in unpaired fins. Samples were collected from the described distributions of M. spechti Schreitmüller, 1936 and M. erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002 in central Vietnam, and of M. hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002 in Hong Kong. Populations of M. hongkongensis were newly recorded in eastern Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, P.R. China. M. opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) was also collected close to these locations and in the major intervening drainages. Macropodus ocellatus Cantor, 1842 was collected from Chongqing Municipality, China, and samples augmented by some museum specimens. The latter species could be distinguished from other species of the genus by both meristic and morphometric characters. The species M. spechti, M. erythropterus, M. hongkongensis and M. opercularis could not be reliably distinguished from each other by meristic and morphometric characters. Otolith morphology did not distinguish any species. Colouration discriminated all species except M. spechti / M. erythropterus. As a result, M. erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002 was undiagnosable on the basis of morphology. The presence of M. hongkongensis in eastern Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, in addition to Hong Kong, indicates that distribution of this recently-described species clearly requires further investigation in south-eastern China.

Multiple lines of evidence clarify limits of Allocasuarina thalassoscopica, A. defungens and A. littoralis (Allocasuarina sect. Cylindropitys, Casuarinaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Phillip F. Rose ◽  
Karen L. Wilson ◽  
Ian R. H. Telford ◽  
Robert W. Lamont ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales

Uncertainty in identifying Allocasuarina shrubs of the North Coast botanical region of New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland prompted investigation of species limits using morphological and cytological data. PATN analysis using 36 morphometric characters, seedling morphology and cytogenetic analysis supported the existing circumscription of A. defungens and A. simulans. Trees of A. littoralis were observed throughout the study area and the distinct morphology of the diploid and polyploid forms is noted. Further work is required to establish whether these differences are consistent over the full range of the species. Shrubby plants of A. sect. Cylindropitys, other than the above species, growing along the NSW North Coast are currently known by several names, including A. defungens×A. littoralis. These plants were found to be morphologically most similar to A. emuina and A. thalassoscopica from south-eastern Queensland and to have similar phenotypes. Allocasuarina thalassoscopica is recircumscribed on morphological characters to encompass these shrubby plants in New South Wales and A. emuina and A. thalassoscopica from south-eastern Queensland. A key is provided for identification of plants of A. sect. Cylindropitys. Counts of chromosomes found that recircumscribed A. thalassoscopica is tetraploid and A. defungens is triploid at Nabiac but tetraploid at Khappinghat Nature Reserve. The results of the present study are consistent with a hypothesis of parallel evolution, which is possibly due to edaphic factors and requires further study.

scholarly journals An overview of the taxonomic instability of endangered Golden and Zhobi mahseer in Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yousaf ◽  
Z. Hasan ◽  
F. Zaidi ◽  
S. B. Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
River System ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Tor Putitora ◽  
The Right

Abstract In South and South East Asia three genera of fish species i.e. Tor, Neolissochilus and Naziritor are commonly known as Mahseer with at least 47 species. Among these 23 belongs to genus Tor, 22 to Neolissochilus and one to Naziritor i.e. Naziritor zhobensis. Recently another species added to genus Naziritor is Naziritor chelynoides in India. Among Tor species Tor putitora (Hamilton) is the most widely distributed Mahseer in Pakistan and other countries of the Indian subcontinent. However, based alone on morphological characters some authors identify the Pakistani counterparts as Tor macrolepis (Heckel), (a species presumed to be found exclusively in the Indus River system) distinct from Tor putitora (a species found in Ganga Brahmaputra River system). In order to resolve this taxonomic ambiguity, present study carried out meristic and morphometric measurements of Mahseer collected from a total of 11 water bodies of Pakistan. Ratios between the morphometric characters were calculated and statistically analyzed using t-test and correlation coefficient. Two species identified as Tor putitora and Naziritor zhobensis were the sole Mahseer inhabitants of Indus system in Pakistan. Tor putitora occurred at all surveyed sites while Nazirtor zhobensis had a distribution range from river Zhob to tributaries of river Gomal the right bank tributaries of River Indus. The study corroborates that there are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies in any existing populations of both species. The study further demonstrates that head length, a character frequently used in Mahseer taxonomy, is not a good measure for species identification. Finally the present study establishes that Naziritor zhobensis still exists in the water bodies of Pakistan and that golden Mahseer occurring in Indus riverine system of Pakistan is Tor putitora.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Morfologi dan Morfometrik Lebah Madu Tak Bersengat (Apidae; Melliponinae) pada Koloni di Daerah Pesisir Pulau Ambon

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Jacobus S A Lamerkabel ◽  
Victor G Siahaya ◽  
Wulandari Saepuloh ◽  
Anang Lastriyanto ◽  
Mochammad Junus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Brownish Black

This study aimed to describe the morphological characters and morphometric measurements of worker level from the genus and species of stingless bee colonies in coastal areas. Observation of morphological characters and morphometric measurements used a microscope (stereo model Nikon C-LEEDS equipped with obtilab viewers software camera and image raster). The stingless bee species found in coastal areas belonged to the genus Tetragonula which consisted of Tetragonula sapiens and T. clypearis. T. sapiens was found in two locations, namely the coast of Airlow Hamlet and Negeri Rutong. T. clypearis was found in four locations, i.e., on the coast of Dusun Airlow, Negeri Rutong, Negeri Hukurila and Dusun Seri. Morphological identification was done by identifying ten morphological characters, and morphometric identification was done by measuring fourteen body parts. The results of this study indicated that the morphological and morphometric characters of T. sapiens workers were dominantly black in color with a body size of 3.74-4.25 mm. The first through the sixth abdomen tergites were black. The morphological and morphometric characters T. clypearis had a brownish black body color with a body size of 2.81-3.38 mm, a black thorax covered by six longitudinal hair bands and each separated by five conspicuous glabrous, the first and second abdomen tergites were brownish whereas the third through the sixth were black. Keywords: Ambon Island, morphology, morphometric, stingless bees.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter morfologi dan pengukuran morfometrik strata pekerja dari genus dan spesies lebah tak bersengat koloni daerah pesisir. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dan pengukuran morfometrik menggunakan mikroskop (stereo model Nikon C-LEEDS yang dilengkapi kamera software obtilab viewers dan image raster). Spesies lebah tak bersengat yang ditemukan di daerah pesisir pantai tergolong dalam genus Tetragonula yang terdiri dari Tetragonula sapiens dan T. clypearis. T. sapiens ditemukan di dua lokasi yaitu pesisir pantai Dusun Airlow dan Negeri Rutong. T. clypearis ditemukan di empat lokasi, yaitu di pesisir pantai Dusun Airlow, Negeri Rutong, Negeri Hukurila dan Dusun Seri. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi sepuluh karakter morfologi dan identifikasi morfometrik dilakukan dengan cara mengukur empat belas bagian tubuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan karakter morfologi dan morfometrik tubuh pekerja T. sapiens dominan berwarna hitam dengan ukuran tubuh 3.74-4.25 mm. Abdomen dan tergite satu sampai enam berwarna hitam. Karakter morfologi dan morfometrik T. clypearis memiliki warna tubuh hitam kecoklatan dengan ukuran tubuh 2.81-3.38 mm, thorax berwarna hitam yang ditutupi oleh enam hair bands longitudinal dan masing-masing dipisahkan oleh lima glabrous yang mencolok, abdomen dan tergite pertama sampai kedua berwarna kecoklatan sedangkan tergite ketiga sampai enam berwarna hitam. Kata kunci: Lebah tak bersengat, morfologi, morfometrik, Pulau Ambon.

Sinalliaria, a new genus of Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Zhou ◽  
HONG-WEI ZHANG ◽  
JIANG-QIN HU ◽  
Xiao-Feng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Seed Testa

Sinalliaria is described here as a new genus of the family Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on the morphological characters and molecular sequences. Sinalliaria differs from the related genus Orychophragmus in having basal leaves petiolate, simple or rarely with 1‒3 lateral lobes (not pinnatisect); cauline leaves petiolate, cordate at base (not sessile, auriculate or amplexicaul at base); petals obovate to narrowly obovate, claw inconspicuous (not broadly obovate, with a claw as along as sepal); siliques truncate (not long-beaked) at apex. The microscopic characters of seed testa also show significant differences between Sinalliaria and Orychophragmus. Phylogenetic evidence from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid region trnL-trnF indicates that Sinalliaria is a distinct group related to Orychophragmus and Raphanus, but these three genera do not form a clade. The new genus Sinalliaria is endemic to eastern China and has only one species and one variety. The new combinations, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. limprichtiana var. grandifolia (Z. X. An) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang are proposed here.

Four new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Chongqing Municipality, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5091 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-558
Author(s):  
ZHAOYANG CHEN ◽  
FENGXIANG LIU ◽  
DAIQIN LI ◽  
XIN XU
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Males And Females

This paper reports four new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela from Chongqing Municipality, China, based on morphological characters of both males and females: S. jinyun sp. nov., S. longbao sp. nov., S. serriformis sp. nov. and S. wangerbao sp. nov. We also provide the GenBank accession codes of mitochondrial DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), for the holotype of four new species for future identification.  

scholarly journals Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 6217-6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wang ◽  
X. L. Wei ◽  
A. J. Ding ◽  
C. N. Poon ◽  
K. S. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South China ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Background Ozone ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is of great importance with regard to air quality, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change. In this paper we report the first continuous record of surface ozone in the background atmosphere of South China. The data were obtained from 1994 to 2007 at a coastal site in Hong Kong, which is strongly influenced by the outflow of Asian continental air during the winter and the inflow of maritime air from the subtropics in the summer. Three methods are used to derive the rate of change in ozone. A linear fit to the 14-year record shows that the ozone concentration increased by 0.58 ppbv/yr, whereas comparing means in years 1994–2000 and 2001–2007 gives an increase of 0.87 ppbv/yr for a 7-year period. The ozone changes in air masses from various source regions are also examined. Using local wind and carbon monoxide (CO) data to filter out local influence, we find that ozone increased by 0.94 ppbv/yr from 1994–2000 to 2001–2007 in air masses from Eastern China, with similar changes in the other two continent-influenced air-mass groups, but no statistically significant change in the marine air. An examination of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column obtained from GOME and SCIAMACHY reveals an increase in atmospheric NO2 in China's three fastest developing coastal regions, whereas NO2 in other parts of Asia decreased during the same period, and no obvious trend over the main shipping routes in the South China Sea was indicated. Thus the observed increase in background ozone in Hong Kong is most likely due to the increased emissions of NO2 (and possibly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well) in the upwind coastal regions of mainland China. The CO data at Hok Tsui showed less definitive changes compared to the satellite NO2 column. The increase in background ozone likely made a strong contribution (81%) to the rate of increase in "total ozone" at an urban site in Hong Kong, suggesting the need to consider distant sources when developing long-term strategies to mitigate local ozone pollution.

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