Karakteristik Morfologi dan Morfometrik Lebah Madu Tak Bersengat (Apidae; Melliponinae) pada Koloni di Daerah Pesisir Pulau Ambon

This study aimed to describe the morphological characters and morphometric measurements of worker level from the genus and species of stingless bee colonies in coastal areas. Observation of morphological characters and morphometric measurements used a microscope (stereo model Nikon C-LEEDS equipped with obtilab viewers software camera and image raster). The stingless bee species found in coastal areas belonged to the genus Tetragonula which consisted of Tetragonula sapiens and T. clypearis. T. sapiens was found in two locations, namely the coast of Airlow Hamlet and Negeri Rutong. T. clypearis was found in four locations, i.e., on the coast of Dusun Airlow, Negeri Rutong, Negeri Hukurila and Dusun Seri. Morphological identification was done by identifying ten morphological characters, and morphometric identification was done by measuring fourteen body parts. The results of this study indicated that the morphological and morphometric characters of T. sapiens workers were dominantly black in color with a body size of 3.74-4.25 mm. The first through the sixth abdomen tergites were black. The morphological and morphometric characters T. clypearis had a brownish black body color with a body size of 2.81-3.38 mm, a black thorax covered by six longitudinal hair bands and each separated by five conspicuous glabrous, the first and second abdomen tergites were brownish whereas the third through the sixth were black. Keywords: Ambon Island, morphology, morphometric, stingless bees. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter morfologi dan pengukuran morfometrik strata pekerja dari genus dan spesies lebah tak bersengat koloni daerah pesisir. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dan pengukuran morfometrik menggunakan mikroskop (stereo model Nikon C-LEEDS yang dilengkapi kamera software obtilab viewers dan image raster). Spesies lebah tak bersengat yang ditemukan di daerah pesisir pantai tergolong dalam genus Tetragonula yang terdiri dari Tetragonula sapiens dan T. clypearis. T. sapiens ditemukan di dua lokasi yaitu pesisir pantai Dusun Airlow dan Negeri Rutong. T. clypearis ditemukan di empat lokasi, yaitu di pesisir pantai Dusun Airlow, Negeri Rutong, Negeri Hukurila dan Dusun Seri. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi sepuluh karakter morfologi dan identifikasi morfometrik dilakukan dengan cara mengukur empat belas bagian tubuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan karakter morfologi dan morfometrik tubuh pekerja T. sapiens dominan berwarna hitam dengan ukuran tubuh 3.74-4.25 mm. Abdomen dan tergite satu sampai enam berwarna hitam. Karakter morfologi dan morfometrik T. clypearis memiliki warna tubuh hitam kecoklatan dengan ukuran tubuh 2.81-3.38 mm, thorax berwarna hitam yang ditutupi oleh enam hair bands longitudinal dan masing-masing dipisahkan oleh lima glabrous yang mencolok, abdomen dan tergite pertama sampai kedua berwarna kecoklatan sedangkan tergite ketiga sampai enam berwarna hitam. Kata kunci: Lebah tak bersengat, morfologi, morfometrik, Pulau Ambon.

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Evaluation of morphometric characters of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Nigeria

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1680 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Usman H Dukku

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Body Size ◽

Apis Mellifera ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Sub Saharan

Samples of workers of honeybee were collected from 41 colonies in nine localities in Nigeria and analysed using classical morphometry. Measurements of 35 morphological characters of body size, colour and pilosity were taken from 10 workers per colony and the data subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis. Although ANOVA revealed a considerable variation of morphological characters between the sampled localities, principal component analysis indicated that this variation was not sufficient to group the colonies under investigation into geographically separable groups. Based on the agreement between the results of this study and those of previous studies, it is concluded that the honeybees of this area are morphometrically pure populations of sub-Saharan A. mellifera.

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Short Communication: Morphological characteristics and morphometric of Stingless Bee (Apidae: Hymenoptera) from Banten Province, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

Author(s):

ADE EFIN ◽

TRI ATMOWIDI ◽

TARUNI SRI PRAWASTI

Keyword(s):

Male Genitalia ◽

Stingless Bees ◽

Short Communication ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Head Width ◽

Nest Entrance ◽

Morphometric Measurements

Abstract. Efin A, Atmowidi T, Prawasti TS. 2019. Short Communication: Morphological Characteristics and Morphometric of Stingless Bee (Apidae: Hymenoptera) from Banten Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1693-1698. Tetragonula (Meliponini: Apidae) belong to stingless bees that characterized by complex communication, permanent colonies with division of castes, i.e., queen, males, and workers. This paper described morphological characters and morphometric study of stingless bee from Pandeglang, Banten Province, Indonesia. Local people (Sundanese) known as the specimen examined is “teuweul omas” that have different in nest entrance characteristics compare to nest of Tetragonula laeviceps found commonly. In average, specimens examined were 4.445±0.072 mm body length, 1.911±0.019 mm head width, mesoscutum has distinct hair bands separated by glabrous interspaces area, with plumose frontal hairs, and black metasoma, legs, and hairs on the frontal. Male genitalia of stingless bee examined are long gonostylus and slender with sparse hairs at apex, penis valve is very robust, tapering at the apex and shorter than gonostylus. Based on morphological characteristics and morphometric measurements, we identified the specimen examined is Tetragonula cf. laeviceps.

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Evaluation of morphometric characters of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Nigeria

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1680v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Usman H Dukku

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Body Size ◽

Apis Mellifera ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Sub Saharan

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Morphological re-examination and taxonomy of the genus Macropodus (Perciformes, Osphronemidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1908.1.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1908 (1) ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

TOM WINSTANLEY ◽

KENDALL D. CLEMENTS

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Eastern China ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Museum Specimens ◽

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

South Eastern ◽

Chongqing Municipality ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

Otolith Morphology

The taxonomy of the paradisefishes of the genus Macropodus (F. Osphronemidae) has been confused due to inadequate sampling and the limitations of morphometrics and meristics in distinguishing species. The validity of the five currently described species, including two species described in 2002, was investigated using morphological characters. These characters included 25 morphometric measurements, otolith morphology, colouration, and counts of scales, vertebrae and spines in unpaired fins. Samples were collected from the described distributions of M. spechti Schreitmüller, 1936 and M. erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002 in central Vietnam, and of M. hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002 in Hong Kong. Populations of M. hongkongensis were newly recorded in eastern Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, P.R. China. M. opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) was also collected close to these locations and in the major intervening drainages. Macropodus ocellatus Cantor, 1842 was collected from Chongqing Municipality, China, and samples augmented by some museum specimens. The latter species could be distinguished from other species of the genus by both meristic and morphometric characters. The species M. spechti, M. erythropterus, M. hongkongensis and M. opercularis could not be reliably distinguished from each other by meristic and morphometric characters. Otolith morphology did not distinguish any species. Colouration discriminated all species except M. spechti / M. erythropterus. As a result, M. erythropterus Freyhof & Herder, 2002 was undiagnosable on the basis of morphology. The presence of M. hongkongensis in eastern Guangdong and Fujian Provinces, in addition to Hong Kong, indicates that distribution of this recently-described species clearly requires further investigation in south-eastern China.

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An overview of the taxonomic instability of endangered Golden and Zhobi mahseer in Pakistan

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.243975 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

M. Yousaf ◽

Z. Hasan ◽

F. Zaidi ◽

S. B. Rasheed

Keyword(s):

Indian Subcontinent ◽

River System ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Water Bodies ◽

South East Asia ◽

Indus River ◽

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Tor Putitora ◽

The Right

Abstract In South and South East Asia three genera of fish species i.e. Tor, Neolissochilus and Naziritor are commonly known as Mahseer with at least 47 species. Among these 23 belongs to genus Tor, 22 to Neolissochilus and one to Naziritor i.e. Naziritor zhobensis. Recently another species added to genus Naziritor is Naziritor chelynoides in India. Among Tor species Tor putitora (Hamilton) is the most widely distributed Mahseer in Pakistan and other countries of the Indian subcontinent. However, based alone on morphological characters some authors identify the Pakistani counterparts as Tor macrolepis (Heckel), (a species presumed to be found exclusively in the Indus River system) distinct from Tor putitora (a species found in Ganga Brahmaputra River system). In order to resolve this taxonomic ambiguity, present study carried out meristic and morphometric measurements of Mahseer collected from a total of 11 water bodies of Pakistan. Ratios between the morphometric characters were calculated and statistically analyzed using t-test and correlation coefficient. Two species identified as Tor putitora and Naziritor zhobensis were the sole Mahseer inhabitants of Indus system in Pakistan. Tor putitora occurred at all surveyed sites while Nazirtor zhobensis had a distribution range from river Zhob to tributaries of river Gomal the right bank tributaries of River Indus. The study corroborates that there are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies in any existing populations of both species. The study further demonstrates that head length, a character frequently used in Mahseer taxonomy, is not a good measure for species identification. Finally the present study establishes that Naziritor zhobensis still exists in the water bodies of Pakistan and that golden Mahseer occurring in Indus riverine system of Pakistan is Tor putitora.

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Filling missing links in albuneid crab distributions (superfamily Hippoidea) in the Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003846 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (12) ◽

pp. 1495-1504 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajan Kumar ◽

Shikha Rahangdale ◽

Subal Kumar Roul

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Bay Of Bengal ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Eastern Indian Ocean ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Gulf Of Mannar ◽

Fishing Gear ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

First Time

Abstract Albuneid crabs are specialized and active sand-burrowing organisms. Despite their substantial diversity, their ability to avoid fishing gear leads to “under collection” and a discontinuous record of distribution. The present study documents the first distributional record of Albunea occulta Boyko, 2002 from the Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean. Albunea thurstoni Henderson, 1893 is also recorded for the first time from the area, i.e., from the Gulf of Mannar, southwestern Bay of Bengal. This study further reports variation in morphological characters, especially in the carapace grooves (CG) from previous records and across specimens from different regions. Morphometric characters were found useful in species discrimination, which is explained as well.

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Two new species of Euphaea Selys, 1840 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Euphaeidae) from northern Western Ghats, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6579.13.5.18200-18214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 18200-18214

Author(s):

Shriram Dinkar Bhakare ◽

Vinayan P. Nair ◽

Pratima Ashok Pawar ◽

Sunil Hanmant Bhoite ◽

Kalesh Sadasivan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Black Hair ◽

Two New Species ◽

Apical Half ◽

Brownish Black ◽

Distal Border ◽

The Western Ghats ◽

Male Genital

Two new species of the damselfly genus Euphaea Selys, 1840 (Odonata: Euphaeidae) are described from the Western Ghats of Satara District, Maharashtra, distinguished by their distinct morphology and coloration. E. thosegharensis Sadasivan & Bhakare sp. nov. is similar to E. cardinalis (Fraser, 1924), but is distinguished by the extensor and flexor surface of all femora black while all femora bright red in E. cardinalis; apical fourth of Hw black while apical half of Hw black in E. cardinalis; genae reddish-orange, black in E. cardinalis; a tuft of sparse stub black hair on either side of tergite of S9 while both S8 and S9 with tufts of long ventral hairs in E. cardinalis. Male genital vesicle matt black, with distal border rounded angles, while vesicle black and hexagonal in shape with rounded angles in E. cardinalis and S9 twice the length of S10, while S9 and S10 of equal length in E. cardinalis. E. pseudodispar Sadasivan & Bhakare sp. nov., is very close to E. dispar (Rambur, 1842), but is differentiated easily by the absence of yellow patch on legs as in E. dispar; only apical fifth of Hw black; genae being yellowish-white, while black in E. dispar; male genital vesicle brownish-black & rhomboid-shaped and with no transverse rugosities while black with distal border rounded and with fine transverse rugosities in E. dispar; penis with single seta on each side while E. dispar has three pairs; sternite of S9 very prominently extending ventrally like a beak in comparison with E. dispar. We have identified additional morphological characters useful in taxonomy of Euphaea of the Western Ghats for example, tufts of ventral hairs on terminal abdominal segments genital vesicle, penile structure of males and sternite of S9 in the males, and vulvar scales of females. A taxonomic key to all known species of genus Euphaea of the Western Ghats is also provided.

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Changing the relative size of the body parts of Drosophila by selection

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300034972 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 169-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Forbes W. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Relative Size ◽

Cell Number ◽

High Ratio ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

The Body ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Body Parts ◽

Wing Size ◽

Thorax Length

1. Mass selection for both high- and low-ratio of wing to thorax length has been carried out on a population of Drosophila melanogaster. The response to selection was immediate and sustained. When the experiment was stopped after ten generations, the wing area in the two selected lines differed by about 30%. The heritability estimate worked out at 0·56 ± 0·08.2. Thorax length remained comparatively unchanged during selection nor was there any change in wing shape. There was some evidence of assymetry of response since there was a relatively greater change in favour of smaller rather than larger size.3. The tibia length of all pairs of legs showed correlated changes so that the lines with larger or smaller wing sizes had also larger and smaller legs.4. The normal allometric relation between wing and thorax length, associated with variation in body-size, apparently also changed, so that for a given change in thorax length there was a greater or smaller proportional change in wing size in the high- or low-ratio lines.5. The changes in relative wing size are due to changes in cell number.6. It is suggested that the genetic changes due to selection act in the early pupal period when the imaginal discs are undergoing differentiation and proliferation to form imaginal hypoderm and appendages.7. Tests of genetic behaviour failed to show any departure from additivity in crosses which involved the unselected population and the high-ratio line. But highly significant departures existed in the cross to the low-ratio line. Relatively smaller wing size behaves as largely recessive. Stability of the normal wing/thorax ratio involves dominance and probably also epistasis. The genetic properties of the relative size of the appendage are apparently similar to those which characterize body-size as a whole.8. It is suggested that selection provides a valuable tool for studying the constancy or lability of the growth patterns which determine morphology.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of adult worms of Leucochloridium paradoxum Carus, 1835 and L. perturbatum Pojmańska, 1969 (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae) from the great tit, Parus major L., 1758 and similarity with the sporocyst stages

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x13000291 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 506-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I. Rząd ◽

P. Hofsoe ◽

R. Panicz ◽

J.K. Nowakowski

Keyword(s):

Parus Major ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Great Tit ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

The Baltic ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization ◽

Sea Coast

AbstractUnlike the sporocyst stages, adult leucochloridiid digeneans are difficult to differentiate. Sporocyst broodsacs can be identified on the basis of their colour and banding pattern, but in the absence of broodsacs and when experimental infection cannot be performed, tentative morphological identification needs to be verified, and molecular techniques offer a tool to do this. In this study, adult leucochloridiid digeneans were collected from the great tit (Parus major) found dead at three localities at or near the Baltic Sea coast (Hel, Bukowo-Kopań and Szczecin) in northern Poland. On the basis of differences in their morphological characters, Hel specimens were tentatively assigned to Leucochloridium perturbatum, Bukowo-Kopań and Szczecin specimens being identified tentatively as L. paradoxum. Subsequent ribosomal DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identification of these leucochloridiid flukes. Nucleotide sequences discriminating between the two species were identical to those used by earlier authors as characteristic of two distinctly different sporocyst broodsacs representing L. perturbatum and L. paradoxum.

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Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4442.4.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4442 (4) ◽

pp. 551 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽

LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽

CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽

THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽

MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

South America ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild.

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