Bryozoa on disarticulated bivalve shells from Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4434 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA C.S. ALMEIDA ◽  
FACELUCIA B.C. SOUZA ◽  
JAMILE FARIAS ◽  
ORANE F.S. ALVES ◽  
LEANDRO M. VIEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Potential Surfaces ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Substratum Preference ◽  
Benthic Animals ◽  
Hard Substrata ◽  
Bivalve Shells

As sessile organisms, bryozoans are among the commonest components of the encrusting communities on hard substrata. On unconsolidated bottoms, benthic animals and their carapaces, including mollusk shells, represent potential surfaces for encrustation. Here we describe the bryozoan fauna growing on disarticulated bivalve shells collected intertidally on Itaparica beach, Todos os Santos Bay, northeast Brazil. We examined a total of 382 valves representing seven species of bivalves, among which we found 82 valves of three bivalve species to be encrusted by bryozoans, with 109 bryozoan colonies detected overall. We identified 11 cheilostome bryozoan species, among which Phidoloporidae and Smittinidae were the most diverse, with four and two species, respectively. We redescribed two bryozoan species, Parasmittina loxoides and Rhynchozoon phrynoglossum, and describe another two, Pleurocodonellina marcusi n. sp. and Rhynchozoon itaparicaensis n. sp., as new. A new combination for Cribella triangulata Canu & Bassler, 1928 is proposed, including Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957 as a new junior subjective synonym of Calyptotheca triangulata n. comb. All but one of the 11 species have encrusting colonies; Licornia aff. diadema, forms erect branching colonies. For seven of the bryozoans, ours are the first records of these species growing on shells. Although the majority of bryozoans we studied have also been reported on other substrata, Rhynchozoon brasiliensis and Parasmittina loxoides were predominant in the fauna, comprising 79 (72%) of all colonies inventoried. Due to the lack of information on the distribution of these species in northeastern Brazil, further studies are needed to determine whether they show any substratum preference. 

Diversity of marine bryozoans inhabiting demosponges in northeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA C.S. ALMEIDA ◽  
FACELUCIA B.C. SOUZA ◽  
CARLA MENEGOLA ◽  
LEANDRO M. VIEIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Colony Form ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Cheilostome Bryozoans

As primary or obligate sessile organisms, bryozoans depend upon a substratum resource that affects their abundance, distribution and diversity. These animals can colonize virtually any type of substratum, including other organisms and artificial structures. Associations between bryozoans and sponges are commonly reported in the literature, but there are few studies discussing the association between these two taxa in detail. Here we present data on the bryozoan community found on shallow-water sponges from Bahia coast, northeastern Brazil, including their taxonomic status, colony form and adaptative structures utilized by these bryozoans to grow on sponges. Twenty-one bryozoan species were found attached to the surface of sixteen species of sponges. Five new species of cheilostome bryozoans are described. A total of 105 colonies were studied and most of them are erect delicate branching (44 colonies) and encrusting patches (34 colonies). The majority of bryozoan colonies were attached to the surface of rugose-textured sponges (67 colonies; 61%). This suggests that bryozoans are more likely to settle on irregular and rough surfaces. Patches colonies were mainly attached to the portion of the sponge that was in contact with the seabed, and spot colonies were particularly found in spatial refuges, showing the preference of larvae to settle on shaded and less exposed substrata. Most erect bryozoans were attached to the lateral sponge surface, other colonies grew on the underside and few on the upper surface of the sponges. These colonies were attached either using anchoring rhizoids, rigid bases, or stolons. The bryozoan species and genera reported here are common in northeastern Brazil and considered generalists in terms of larval settlement requirements. The bryozoan-sponge association studied is considered a non-obligatory commensalism (inquilinism). 

scholarly journals Competitive interactions among zoanthids (cnidaria: zoanthidae) in an intertidal zone of northeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuelle Fontenele Rabelo ◽  
Marcelo de Oliveira Soares ◽  
Helena Matthews-Cascon
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Reef Environment ◽  
Palythoa Caribaeorum ◽  
The Face ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Intertidal Environments

Sessile organisms that live in consolidated substrates frequently compete for space. Coral species have many strategies to face this competition, including harming their opponents or hindering their growth. In the present study, the competitive interactions between three species of zoanthids were investigated in the intertidal zone of a sandstone reef environment in northeastern Brazil. The competitive abilities of the three species were evaluated by periodic observation of the natural fringes of contact and experimental evaluation of their growth rate through removal of 100 cm² of colonies of each species. Palythoa caribaeorum and Zoanthus sociatus had similar growth rates, and both species grew faster than Protopalythoa variabilis. The recolonization strategy seems to differ among species. The contact fringes between P. caribaeorum and Z. sociatus remained unchanged over time, without any type of aggressive interaction between them, suggesting that stand-off was the strategy used by these organisms. Palythoa caribaeorum and Z. sociatus grew among the polyps of P. variabilis, often killing its colonies. The coexistence of zoanthids reveals a capacity for survival in the face of competition for limited resources such as free substrate, which led to the colonization and establishment of zoanthids in intertidal environments.

Colonization by lake benthos of hard substrata in the water column versus on the bottom

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Quinn ◽  
P. S. Lake ◽  
E. S. G. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Benthic Animals ◽  
Hard Substrata

Little work has been done on colonization by lake benthos, particularly onto hard substrata. This study experimentally compared the rates of colonization of hard substrata (bricks) in a lake by benthic macroinvertebrates from two sources — the water column and the bottom. Colonization onto bricks (as mimics of stones) placed on the bottom of the lake was compared with colonization onto bricks suspended in the water column, where they could not be reached by crawling fauna. Almost all taxa colonizing bottom bricks also colonized suspended bricks, including taxa usually considered benthic (e.g. gastropods, mites, oligochaetes and planarians). Water-column samples confirmed the presence of these taxa in open water. These results suggest that many benthic animals in lakes may move through the water column more readily than previously considered; constant movement by lake benthos may be in response to shortage of resources.

Taxonomic notes on Chiococca and Salzmannia (Rubiaceae, Chiococceae) in northeastern Brazil, with a new combination and a new species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomar Gomes Jardim ◽  
CHARLOTTE M. TAYLOR ◽  
Maria REGINA BARBOSA ◽  
MARIA DO CÉO R. PESSOA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

Chiococca and Salzmannia are similar and related, but have not been well studied. A review of their morphology clarified their separation and found that some variation documented in Chiococca has been overlooked, and the corolla lobes of Salzmannia are narrowly imbricated, not valvate in bud, and its flowers are protandrous and homostylous, with the style markedly elongated after anthesis. Chiococca is represented in northeastern Brazil by four species, and their distinctions are clarified. The problematic species Erithalis insularis, of Fernando de Noronha Island, better agrees morphologically and biogeographically with Chiococca, and is here transferred to this genus with the new combination Chiococca insularis; Erithalis is therefore restricted to the Caribbean basin. Salzmannia is endemic to coastal eastern and northeastern Brazil, and comprises two species; S. arborea, described here, is found along the coast of Bahia and notable in its tree habit and dimorphic vegetative and reproductive stems.

scholarly journals Ethnozoology of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Feira de Santana Municipality, Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Borges Gomes ◽  
Eraldo Medeiros Costa Neto ◽  
Martin Roberto del Valle Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
General Medical Care ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Ancient Times

The ethnozoology studies several manifestations of humans on fauna, whether inspired by affection, rejection, contempt or reverence, which are generally based on local beliefs and symbols. Bats stand out amongst those animals that make up the mythopoetic imaginary since ancient times. This paper records how bats are perceived by rural and urban inhabitants of the Municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Two hundred participants were randomly chosen, 100 residents living in rural areas and 100 living in different districts of the municipality. Data were analyzed qualitatively, considering the set of responses provided by all interviewees. The results showed that the lack of information is the main cause of adverse reactions that people have by bats. Most of these reactions are due to lack of knowledge on bats behavior, especially when it comes to their feeding habits, since the majority of the respondents believed that the consumption of blood is the prevalent diet. After each new interview, information about feeding habits, behavior and general medical care to be taken when having contact with bats, were offered to the participants. This study suggests that education is one of the suitable tools to minimize prejudice against bats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of adherence to treatment by patients seen in a psychosocial care center in northeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Teles Souza ◽  
Wellington Barros Silva ◽  
Alexandre Sherlley Casimiro Onofre ◽  
Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans ◽  
Fabiana Botelho de Miranda Onofre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lack Of Information

In the treatment of mental disorders, nonadherence to medication, the main cause of psychiatric morbidity, is observed in about 50% of the cases and is responsible for numerous losses. This study evaluated adherence to drug treatment by patients seen in a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) in northeastern Brazil. Adherence to treatment was evaluated using the Haynes-Sackett and Morisky-Green-Levine tests. All patients registered in the CAPS were included in the study (n= 101). Only 11.88% of the patients adhered to drug treatment. The main reasons not to use medication were: oblivion (68.83%), feeling unwell after taking the medication (54.22%), not having money to buy the medication (43.83%), not finding the medication in the public health service (39.94%) and fear of harm that might be caused by the drug (28.90%). Furthermore, 85.1% of the patients did not know their diseases, 88.1% did not know their treatment, 86.4% did not feel good when they took their medication, and 88.1% took their medication incorrectly. The results revealed that the lack of information about diseases and drugs used, the nuisance posed by drug therapy and the low access to medications reduce adherence to treatment and, consequently, treatment effectiveness.

New genus for a unique species of Indo-West Pacific bryozoan

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3134 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
KEVIN J. TILBROOK
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Larval Type ◽  
Unique Species

Larval type, larval morphology, ancestrular morphology and colony astogeny have great systematic value in the cheilostomate bryozoans, but for most species these characters are undocumented. Whilst most cheilostomate bryozoan species produce lecithotrophic coronate larvae; a minority of species produce planktotrophic cyphonautes larvae, all belonging to genera within the superfamily Membraniporoidea. Biflustra laboriosa Tilbrook, 2006 nominally belongs to a membraniporid genus whose species are otherwise characterised by having a twinned ancestrula. The production of a single ancestrula from a cyphonautes larva and overall zooidal morphology excludes B. laboriosa from the Membraniporidae and its zooidal characters are alien to any other membraniporoidean genus. Accordingly, Tarsocryptus n. gen. is erected to accommodate it, resulting in the new combination Tarsocryptus laboriosa n. comb. Its reassignment here to the membraniporoidean Electridae is tentative.

scholarly journals New record of Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Caatinga of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kaminski ◽  
Ana Paula Brandt ◽  
Daniele Santana Sampaio ◽  
Katelyn Fay ◽  
Luiz Cezar Machado Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) has a wide geographic distribution. However, in Brazil, there is still a lack of information on their population status and, in the Caatinga, little is known about its occurrence. This paper aims to register the new occurrence of Leopardus pardalis in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil.

scholarly journals FLOOD DAMAGE ANALYSIS: A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Alfredo Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Larissa Batista ◽  
Roberto Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System

Worldwide floods stand out as some of the most recurrent and potentially destructive phenomena. Risk reduction management must consider dynamics involving structural risk elements called indicators. The objective of this paper was to simulate an extreme flood event in the Pirapama river basin, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to analyze some risk components, focusing on the application of damage models in the Brazilian scenario. The hydrological model HEC-HMS (Hydrological Modeling System) was calibrated in order to generate streamflow for ungauged areas. The model was able to identify the highest flood peaks and the statistic criteria were consistent with daily simulation. The parameters calibrated for the HEC-HMS model allowed us to generate results used as input flow in HEC-RAS (River Analysis System). The hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS performed steady flow simulations for the peak flow that occurred in 2010. Remote sensing products with high spatial resolution were used successfully to identify and calculate dwellings surface in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho. Flood damage estimates were performed through transferred depth-damage curves which is a methodological option verified in the literature. The two main Brazilian studies on this field were selected. The difference between the functions is just over BRL$72 per square meter, and around BRL$85 million for the entire area in the 2010 event (BRL$234.58 and BRL$149.11 million). Those values were adjusted for inflation until 2019. A combination of different methodologies is a way to try to overcome the lack of information, but much remains to be done to validate damage analysis, especially in what concerns to prevention.

The Imaging of Crystal Structures and Crystal Defects

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Atom Density ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

The problem of "understandinq" electron microscope imaqes becomes more acute as the resolution is improved. The naive interpretation of an imaqe as representinq the projection of an atom density becomes less and less appropriate. We are increasinqly forced to face the complexities of coherent imaqinq of what are essentially phase objects. Most electron microscopists are now aware that, for very thin weakly scatterinq objects such as thin unstained bioloqical specimens, hiqh resolution imaqes are best obtained near the optimum defocus, as prescribed by Scherzer, where the phase contrast imaqe qives a qood representation of the projected potential, apart from a lack of information on the lower spatial frequencies. But phase contrast imaqinq is never simple except in idealized limitinq cases.

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