Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4541 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
GAYASHAN M. ARACHCHIGE ◽  
SEVVANDI JAYAKODY ◽  
RICH MOOI ◽  
ANDREAS KROH
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
New Records ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Field Guides ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The earliest information on Sri Lankan echinoid species belonging to the Irregularia dates back to Alexander Agassiz (1872). However, the current knowledge of diversity and distribution of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) remains sparse. In addition, there are no recent taxonomic studies or biodiversity surveys for irregular echinoids, and no illustrated field-guides or reference collections are available specifically for Sri Lanka. To address these gaps, left open for more than 100 years since the work of Clark (1915), this study was conducted as an island-wide systematic sampling survey. Over 200 echinoid specimens were collected from 24 localities in Sri Lankan coastal waters by snorkelling and SCUBA diving down to 33 m depth. The collected specimens were identified using existing keys and authenticated with specimens available at the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Austria. The present study records 22 irregular echinoid species belonging to 15 genera and nine families in four orders. Among the identified irregular echinoids, six species, Echinocyamus megapetalus H.L. Clark, 1914, Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816, Fibulariella angulipora Mortensen, 1948, Echinodiscus cf. truncatus L. Agassiz, 1841, Peronella oblonga Mortensen, 1948 and Brissus cf. agassizii Döderlein, 1885, are new records for Sri Lanka. Four unidentified, possibly new species belonging to the genera Fibularia, Jacksonaster and Metalia are reported, but kept in open nomenclature until more material becomes available. At present, the diversity of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka now stands at 37 species representing 11 families in four orders. A dichotomous key is presented for all Sri Lankan irregular echinoids. 

scholarly journals On the occurrence of the Black Spine-cheek Gudgeon Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker in Sri Lankan waters, with comments on the Green-backed Guavina Bunaka gyrinoides (Bleeker) (Teleostei: Eleotridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 10374
Author(s):  
Sudesh Batuwita ◽  
Sampath Udugampala ◽  
Udeni Edirisinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

A new record of Black Spine-cheek Gudgeon Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker is provided from the southern and western coasts of Sri Lanka.  This species was previously confused with two closely resembling eleotrid species—E. fusca (Bloch & Schneider in Bloch) and Bunaka gyrinoides (Bleeker) of Sri Lanka.  It is speculated that records of E. melanosoma juveniles from coastal areas and B. gyrinoides from inland freshwater habitats appear to be the elevated locality records of E. fusca in Sri Lanka.  Data are provided to distinguish Eleotris melanosoma from E. fusca and from B. gyrinoides, to clarify their taxonomy, and also discuss their distribution and natural history.  This study adds two new records of fishes to the Sri Lankan freshwater fish list.  Previous records of Eleotris fusca from Sri Lanka have to be clarified in future studies. 

New species and new records of cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from India and Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-212
Author(s):  
P. Rosa ◽  
M. Halada
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Records ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
First Time

A contribution to the knowledge of Indian and Sri Lankan Chrysididae is given. The following six species are described: Chrysis decorosasp. nov. from Rajasthan (Ch. maindroni group); Ch. glauca sp. nov. from Karnataka (Ch. succincta group); Ch. zdenula sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu (Ch. succincta group); Ch. kartikeya sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu (Ch. decemdentata group); Ch. unidentata sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu (Ch. unidentata group); Hedychridium zeylanicum sp. nov. from Sri Lanka (H. roseum group). The Chrysis unidentata group is established here; the Ch. maindroni, Ch. pulchella and Hedy­chridium roseum groups are recorded for the first time for the Oriental Region. The genus Isegama Krombein, 1983 and eight species are recorded for the first time from India: subfamily Amiseginae: Isegama aridula (Krom­bein, 1980); subfamily Chrysidinae, tribe Elampini: Hedychridium mysticum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912, Hedychrum striatum Mocsáry, 1911, Holophris marginella (Mocsáry, 1890), Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787); tribe Chrysidini: Chrysis goetheana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, Praestochrysis spinula Bohart, 1988, and Primeuchroeusmalayensis (Linsenmaier, 1982). ­Chrysis goetheana is transferred to the Ch. pulchella group. New distributional data for other six Indian species are provided.

Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-376
Author(s):  
KRISHAN D. KARUNARATHNE ◽  
M.D.S.T. DE CROOS
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time

In broadening the understanding of the diversity, distribution and seasonality of gelatinous zooplankton of Sri Lanka, a survey (‘Waya-jel-Survey’) was carried out in coastal waters of the country from 2016 to 2020, and the collected specimens of pelagic tunicates were taxonomically identified. Further, a comprehensive literature survey was conducted and the previous records on the occurrences of pelagic tunicates within the exclusive economic zone of Sri Lanka were cross-checked and listed in developing the first-ever annotated checklist. Among the samples collected in this study, Pyrostremma spinosum and Thalia sibogae were reported for the first time from Sri Lankan waters while two more thaliaceans, i.e., Doliolum denticulatum and Pegea confoederata, and six appendicularians, i.e., Fritillaria borealis sargassi, F. formica digitata, Oikopleura cophocerca, O. fusiformis, O. longicauda, and O. rufescens were re-recorded. In total, forty species (including two subspecies) in 19 genera, belonging to five families from four orders of the classes Appendicularia (n = 17 species) and Thaliacea (n = 23 species) were reported to be inhabited in Sri Lankan waters. Most of the records were from the Laccadive Sea region while the majority of the species have been reported during the northwest monsoon (December to February) period.  

The Role of Music and Allied Arts in Public Writings on Cultural Diversity: “People of Sri Lanka”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Gisa Jähnichen
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Way

The Sri Lankan Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue, and Official Languages published the work “People of Sri Lanka” in 2017. In this comprehensive publication, 21 invited Sri Lankan scholars introduced 19 different people’s groups to public readers in English, mainly targeted at a growing number of foreign visitors in need of understanding the cultural diversity Sri Lanka has to offer. This paper will observe the presentation of these different groups of people, the role music and allied arts play in this context. Considering the non-scholarly design of the publication, a discussion of the role of music and allied arts has to be supplemented through additional analyses based on sources mentioned by the 21 participating scholars and their fragmented application of available knowledge. In result, this paper might help improve the way facts about groups of people, the way of grouping people, and the way of presenting these groupings are displayed to the world beyond South Asia. This fieldwork and literature guided investigation should also lead to suggestions for ethical principles in teaching and presenting of culturally different music practices within Sri Lanka, thus adding an example for other case studies.

Blood Pressure values of Sri Lankan Tamils in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Balasubramaniam M ◽  
◽  
Sivapalan K ◽  
Tharsha J ◽  
Sivatharushan V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Sri Lankan Tamils

Revision of the bamboo leafhopper tribe Mukariini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of new genera and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4547 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
C.A. VIRAKTAMATH ◽  
M.D. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
New Records ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Subgenus

Leafhopper genera and species of the tribe Mukariini from the Indian subcontinent are revised. Nine genera and 22 species including two new genera, one new subgenus and 12 new species are dealt with. The new taxa described are Aalinga gen. nov. with its type species Aalinga brunoflava sp. nov. (India: Andaman Islands), Buloria indica sp. nov. (India: Karnataka). Buloria zeylanica sp. nov. (Sri Lanka), Flatfronta bella sp. nov. (India: Karnataka; Bangladesh), Mohunia bifurcata sp. nov. (Myanmar), Mukaria omani sp. nov. (India: Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh), Mukaria vakra sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Mukariella gen. nov. with its type species Mukariella daii sp. nov. (India: Manipur), Myittana (Benglebra) cornuta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Myittana) distincta sp. nov. (India: Karnataka), Myittana (Savasa) subgen. nov. with its type species Myittana (Savasa) constricta sp. nov. (India: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand) and Scaphotettix arcuatus sp. nov. (India: West Bengal, Meghalaya, Mizoram). Genera Buloria Distant (new placement), Crispina Distant (new placement) and Myittana Distant (new placement) are placed in the tribe Mukariini. Genus Mohunia is redefined based on the study of its type species. Benglebra Mahmood & Ahmed 1969 is synonymised with Myittana Distant 1908 and considered as its subgenus. Myittana (Benglebra) alami (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov., Myittana (Savasa) bipunctata (Mahmood & Ahmed) comb. nov.. Myittana (Benglebra) introspina (Chen & Yang 2007) comb. nov. and Mukariella bambusana (Li & Chen) comb. nov. are proposed; the first two species were earlier placed in the genus Benglebra, the third species in the genus Mohunia and the fourth in the genus Mukaria. Genera Flatfronta Chen & Li and Myittana are new records for India and Scaphotettix striata Dai & Zhang is a new record for the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka. All taxa dealt with are described and illustrated and keys for genera and their species are also given. 

Eight new lichen species and 88 new records from Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gothamie Weerakoon ◽  
Patricia A. Wolseley ◽  
Omal Arachchige ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres ◽  
Udeni Jayalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
New Records ◽  
Lichen Species

scholarly journals Sri Lanka: Physical Reconstruction and Economic Development as Conflict Prevention Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (69) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Boženko Đevoić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Postconflict Reconstruction ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT This article gives an overview of the 26 year long ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and examines physical reconstruction and economic development as measures of conflict prevention and postconflict reconstruction. During the years of conflict, the Sri Lankan government performed some conflict prevention measures, but most of them caused counter effects, such as the attempt to provide “demilitarization”, which actually increased militarization on both sides, and “political power sharing” that was never honestly executed. Efforts in post-conflict physical reconstruction and economic development, especially after 2009, demonstrate their positive capacity as well as their conflict sensitivity. Although the Sri Lankan government initially had to be forced by international donors to include conflict sensitivity in its projects, more recently this has changed. The government now practices more conflict sensitivity in its planning and execution of physical reconstruction and economic development projects without external pressure.

Grasping at Straws: Judicial Review of Legislation in Sri Lanka

ICL Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-306
Author(s):  
Danushka S Medawatte
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Provincial Councils ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this paper, I attempt to examine the evolution of judicial review of legislation in Sri Lanka with a view to better understanding how it has impacted the democratic fabric and constitutional matrix of Sri Lanka. The impact that judicial review of legislation has had on rights jurisprudence, enhancement of democracy, prevention of persecution against selected groups are analysed in this paper in relation to the Ceylon Constitutional Order in Council of 1946 (‘Soulbury’ Constitution) and the two autochthonous constitutions of Sri Lanka of 1972 and 1978. The first part of the paper comprises of a descriptive analysis of judicial review of legislation under the three Constitutions. This is expected to perform a gap filling function in respect of the lacuna that exists in Sri Lankan legal literature in relation to the assessment of the trends pertaining to judicial review of legislation in Sri Lanka. In the second part of the paper, I have analysed decided cases of Sri Lanka to explore how the judiciary has responded to legislative and executive power, and has given up or maintained judicial independence. In this respect, I have also attempted to explore whether the judiciary has unduly engaged in restraint thereby impeding its own independence. The third part of the paper evaluates the differences in technique and stance the judiciary has adopted when reviewing draft enactments of the national legislature and when reviewing draft or enacted statutes of Provincial Councils. From a comparative constitutional perspective, this assessment is expected to provide the background that is essential in understanding the island nation’s current constitutional discourse, transitional justice process, and its approach to human rights.

Securing the Sasana through Law: Buddhist constitutionalism and Buddhist-interest litigation in Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN SCHONTHAL
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Legal Activism ◽  
Liberal Constitutionalism

AbstractThis article examines the history and effects of Buddhist constitutionalism in Sri Lanka, by which is meant the inclusion of special protections and status for Buddhism in the island's 1972 and 1978 constitutions, alongside guarantees of general religious rights and other features of liberal constitutionalism. By analysing Sri Lankan constitutional disputes that have occurred since the 1970s, this article demonstrates how the ‘Buddhism Chapter’ of Sri Lanka's constitution has given citizens potent opportunities and incentives for transforming specific disagreements and political concerns into abstract contests over the nature of Buddhism and the state's obligations to protect it. Through this process, a culture of Buddhist legal activism and Buddhist-interest litigation has taken shape. This article also augments important theories about the work of ‘theocratic’ or religiously preferential constitutions and argues for an alternative, litigant-focused method of investigating them.

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