Check list of the Venezuelan millipedes species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4686 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-201
Author(s):  
JULIÁN BUENO-VILLEGAS ◽  
PETRA SIERWALD ◽  
ANTONIO A. DE ASCENÇÃO
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Check List ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
And Gender

Here we provide a checklist of millipedes described or recorded in the literature from Venezuela. The diplopod fauna is comprised of eight orders, 18 families, 54 genera, and 157 species. The millipede orders Glomerida, Chordeumatida, Julida, Siphoniulida, and Platydesmida (known elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere) are not, as of yet, reported from the Venezuelan fauna. Two widely distributed invasive species, Asiomorpha coarctata and Oxidus gracilis, were recorded from Venezuela. All species records listed here contain comprehensive citation and synonymy lists. Numerous locality data are questionable and are discussed. For most species, the supposed deposition of the type specimens is given. However, the museum and gender information is taken mostly from the literature as the type specimen themselves were not examined. An analysis of records extracted from GBIF in 2016 and in 2018 was conducted and compared to the data captured from the published taxonomic literature. The data in this checklist are summarized online at the MilliBase website. 

On the Semantic Content of Grammatical Gender and Its Impact on the Representation of Human Referents

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Irmen ◽  
Julia Kurovskaja
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Masculine Role ◽  
Feminine Role ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Open Question

Grammatical gender has been shown to provide natural gender information about human referents. However, due to formal and conceptual differences between masculine and feminine forms, it remains an open question whether these gender categories influence the processing of person information to the same degree. Experiment 1 compared the semantic content of masculine and feminine grammatical gender by combining masculine and feminine role names with either gender congruent or incongruent referents (e.g., Dieser Lehrer [masc.]/Diese Lehrerin [fem.] ist mein Mann/meine Frau; This teacher is my husband/my wife). Participants rated sentences in terms of correctness and customariness. In Experiment 2, in addition to ratings reading times were recorded to assess processing more directly. Both experiments were run in German. Sentences with grammatically feminine role names and gender incongruent referents were rated as less correct and less customary than those with masculine forms and incongruent referents. Combining a masculine role name with an incongruent referent slowed down reading to a greater extent than combining a feminine role name with an incongruent referent. Results thus specify the differential effects of masculine and feminine grammatical gender in denoting human referents.

scholarly journals A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4441 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
JEANNE ROBINSON ◽  
JEREMY GIBSON ◽  
HELBER ADRIÁN ARÉVALO-MALDONADO ◽  
JURATE DE PRINS ◽  
JAMES WINDMILL
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Non Destructive

Nearly a century ago, wing venation was introduced in gracillariid taxonomy as a means to diagnose closely related genera and species groups. Recent advances in non-destructive virtual micro-dissections suggest promising approaches with which to revisit the relevance of wing venation characters on historic primary type specimens. Many unique type specimens in Gracillariidae and other microlepidoptera groups preserved in museum collections are in poor condition, and over the course of history have suffered loss or damage to their abdomens. Consequently, genitalia morphology is not available for diagnoses and comparisons. In this paper we emphasize the need to include the type species and type specimens into the broader context of taxonomic studies on micro-moths in general and the family Gracillariidae in particular. The genus Caloptilia has a world-wide distribution and has been the subject of research for more than 200 years, yet the generic boundaries and groupings within the genus are still unresolved due to the lack of a reliable set of taxonomic characters obtained from the primary types. We describe a method of virtual descaling of the fore- and hindwings using the unset micro-moth type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella Fabricius, 1781, in order to demonstrate that the study of historic and fragile type specimens and diagnoses of their internal morphological characters becomes possible by applying new and non-destructive technology. 

Contribution to the taxonomy of Paracloeodes Day 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4403 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
PAULO VILELA CRUZ ◽  
FREDERICO FALCÃO SALLES ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
General Lack ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Made In

In recent decades, major advances in the systematics of the Western Hemisphere genus Paracloeodes Day have been made in South America. Despite the taxonomic progress, uncertainties in identification remain due to the morphological similarities among some nymphs and due to the general lack of knowledge of the imago stages (only 4 of 20 are described from throughout the range of the genus). This study addresses these impediments in part through description of the male imagoes of six species (P. atroari Nieto & Salles, P. binodulus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, P. ibicui Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, P. pacawara Nieto & Salles, P. peri Nieto & Salles, P. waimiri Nieto & Salles), description of two new species based on morphologically distinct nymphs (P. aristotelesi sp. n. and P. carolinae sp. n.), description of one new species based on morphologically distinct nymph and male imago (P. prismatobranchus sp. n.); redescription of three species based on type material (P. ibicui Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, P. leptobranchus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and P. eurybranchus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty); proposal of one new synonym based on morphological analyses of specimens from Bolivia, Brazil and Uruguay, including type specimens (P. pacawara = P. morellii Emmerich & Nieto); and the presentation of a new key to identify nymphs from South America to the species level. 

Lectotypification of Sematophyllum latifolium, a new synonym of Wijkia surcularis (Pylaisiadelphaceae, Bryophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 484 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
NARIN PRINTARAKUL ◽  
SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Type Collection ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Family

Sematophyllum latifolium Brotherus (1911: 362), known only from the type collection, was originally described by Brotherus (1911) based on a collection made by C.C. Hosseus from Mt. Doi Suthep (Doi Sutäp), in northern Thailand. Pollawatn (2008) revised the family Sematophyllaceae s.l. in Thailand but did not see the type specimen of S. latifolium. During the study of Hosseus’s collections, however, we found two duplicates of type specimens of S. latifolium one located in H-BR and one in M. We found that several critical features of S. latifolium, such as the 1) irregular-pinnately branching habit with the erect flagelliform branches (Fig. 1A), 2) stem and branch leaves strongly differentiated (Fig. 1B−F), and 3) brotherelloid type alar cells often divided into larger hyaline cells towards leaf margins (Fig. 1G), were indistinguishable from those in the type material of Wijkia surcularis (Mitten 1859: 112) Crum (1971: 173), a common species found growing from India to Indochina (Gangulee 1980; Tan & Iwatsuki 1993; Tan & Jia 1999; Jia et al. 2005). Thus, we here propose S. latifolium as a new synonym of W. sucularis. In the protologue, Brotherus (1911) did not designate the holotype, therefore, it is necessary to select a lectotype for S. latifolium ((see Art. 9.11 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2017)). We designate Hosseus’s collection (Hosseus s.n.) in H-BR (H) as the lectotype of the name S. latifolium.

scholarly journals Completeness metrics and the quality of the sauropodomorph fossil record through geological and historical time

Paleobiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Mannion ◽  
Paul Upchurch
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Rock Outcrop ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fossil Remains

Despite increasing concerns about the effect of sampling biases on our reading of the fossil record, few studies have considered the completeness of the fossil remains themselves, and those that have tend to apply non-quantitative measures of preservation quality. Here we outline two new types of metric for quantifying the completeness of the fossil remains of taxa through time, using sauropodomorph dinosaurs as a case study. The “Skeletal Completeness Metric” divides the skeleton up into percentages based on the amount of bone for each region, whereas the “Character Completeness Metric” is based on the number of characters that can be scored for each skeletal element in phylogenetic analyses. For both metrics we calculated the completeness of the most complete individual and of the type specimen. We also calculated how well the taxon as a whole is known from its remains. We then plotted these results against both geological and historical time, and compared curves of the former with fluctuations in sauropodomorph diversity, sea level, and sedimentary rock outcrop area. Completeness through the Mesozoic shows a number of peaks and troughs; the Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) is the interval with highest completeness, whereas the mid-to-Late Cretaceous has completeness levels that are consistently lower than the rest of the Mesozoic. Completeness shows no relationship to rock outcrop area, but it is negatively correlated with sea level during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and correlated with diversity in the Cretaceous. Completeness of sauropodomorph type specimens has improved from 1830 to the present, supporting the conclusions of other recent studies. However, when this time interval is partitioned, we find no trend for an increase in completeness from the 1990s onward. Moreover, the 2000s represent one of the poorest decades in terms of average type specimen completeness. These results highlight the need for quantitative methods when assessing fossil record quality through geological time or when drawing conclusions about historical trends in the completeness of taxa. The new metrics may also prove useful as sampling proxies in diversity studies.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Review of theCaudatella heterocaudata(McDunnough) andC. hystrix(Traver) Complexes (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Jacobus
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Comparative Examination

Caudatella columbiella(McDunnough, 1935), new combination, (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) is removed from synonymy withCaudatella heterocaudata(McDunnough, 1929), and a new junior synonym is recognized, based on comparative examination of type material and larval exuviae associated with adults from the type locale ofC. columbiella(=C. californica(Allen and Edmunds, 1961), new status, new synonym).Caudatella circia(Allen and Edmunds, 1961), new status, is recognized as a strict specific synonym ofC. heterocaudata(McDunnough, 1929) (=C. circia(Allen and Edmunds, 1961), new synonym). A neotype is designated forCaudatella hystrix(Traver, 1934), based on a specimen collected in Western Montana, USA, during June 2000. Morphological differences between the type specimen ofC. hystrixand the type specimens of its two junior synonyms,Ephemerella cascadiaAllen and Edmunds, 1961, andE. spinosaMayo, 1952, are detailed. An identification key for larvae of the genusCaudatellais included.

scholarly journals An approach for the determination and correlation of diversity and efficiency of software development teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seher Altiner ◽  
Mustafa B. Ayhan
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Experience Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

We examined the impact of diversity on team efficiency. To do so, a model was developed to measure both the efficiency and diversity of the teams. Based on these measures, the correlation between efficiency and diversity was also analysed. In addition, to demonstrate the applicability of the model, it was applied to a real-life problem involving five teams dealing with different software development projects. Firstly, diversity indices were calculated based on age, experience, education and gender information on each member for each team by using Simpson’s Diversity Index. Then, four key performance indicators (KPIs) were defined to measure the success rate of the teams. Depending on these KPIs, efficiencies of the teams were measured through data envelopment analysis (DEA). The correlation between team efficiency and each diversity factor was analysed and all four factors had positive correlation with efficiency. That is, in order to increase efficiency, teams should be composed of members with diverse characteristics. Education was the diversity factor that had the most positive correlation with team efficiency. This result highlights the importance of different educational backgrounds on team efficiency.

Providing Inclusive Care for Transgender Patients: Capturing Sex and Gender in the Electronic Medical Record

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Patel ◽  
Martha E Lyon ◽  
Hung S Luu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Electronic Medical Record ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Providing a positive patient experience for transgender individuals includes making the best care decisions and providing an inclusive care environment in which individuals are welcomed and respected. Over the past decades, introduction of electronic medical record (EMR) systems into healthcare has improved quality of care and patient outcomes through improved communications among care providers and patients and reduced medical errors. Promoting the highest standards of care for the transgender populations requires collecting and documenting detailed information about patient identity, including sex and gender information in both the EMR and laboratory information system (LIS). Content As EMR systems are beginning to incorporate sex and gender information to accommodate transgender and gender nonconforming patients, it is important for clinical laboratories to understand the importance and complexity of this endeavor. In this review, we highlight the current progress and gaps in EMR/LIS to capture relevant sex and gender information. Summary Many EMR and LIS systems have the capability to capture sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). Fully integrating SOGI into medical records can be challenging, but is very much needed to provide inclusive care for transgender individuals.

A Performance Study of Self-Piercing Riveting of Aluminum and Copper Alloy Sheets

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2460-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Jiang Deng ◽  
Xiao Cong He ◽  
Bao Ying Xing
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Shear Type ◽  
Force Displacement

This paper studied the performance of self-piercing riveting (SPR) of aluminum and copper alloy sheet. The SPR process of two copper alloy sheets was analyzed by experimental tests and finite elements stimulation, and good agreements between the simulations and test results of SPR process were obtained. Two different specimen geometries were adopted in experiment: a lap-shear type specimen and a T type specimen. The influence of combination of different materials on the static strength of SPR joints were studied through the tensile-shear and peeling experiments, and the strength of the SPR joints were evaluated by the force-displacement curves of two type specimens. The failure mechanisms corresponding to the static strength were also discussed. On the other hand, the engineering stress - strain curves of two materials have also been studied roughly. These results could provide designer engineers with some application messages of SPR.

Archaeotrypa Fritz, 1947 (Cambrian, Problematica) reinterpreted

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Kobluk
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Tangential Section ◽  
Type Specimens

Detailed petrographic analysis of the type specimens of Cambrian Archaeotrypa prima and A. secunda shows that A. prima differs in important features from the original description. The tubes that make up the compound skeleton are twice as wide as thought previously, with an internal structure comprising both straight and zigzag longitudinal partitions and flat transverse partitions; the transverse partitions are staggered in vertical section and meet the zigzag longitudinal partitions. Archaeotrypa secunda differs very significantly from A. prima. The holotype of A. secunda is very poorly preserved, and consists of only a small tangential section comprising six complete and seven incomplete polygons. The genus Archaeotrypa and the species A. prima are retained, but the name A. secunda is restricted to the type specimen. The affinity of Archaeotrypa prima is uncertain, but it may be modeled as a cystoporate bryozoan or alternatively as an echinoderm.

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