1. Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
John D. Bonvillian ◽  
Nicole Kissane Lee ◽  
Tracy T. Dooley ◽  
Filip T. Loncke
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
System A ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Sign Training ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Foreign Language Instructors ◽  
Core Vocabulary

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the language and communication needs of various individuals who have difficulty expressing themselves either through speech and/or by using one of the full and genuine sign languages of Deaf people. The authors propose the integration of the Simplified Sign System, a manual sign-communication system that is comprised of iconic and easily formed signs, into the environments of persons with various communication difficulties, including individuals with autism, aphasia, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy. Various misconceptions about sign training are tackled and countered by information highlighting the benefits of sign usage for many different people. The authors then present the principles on which their sign system is based, including iconicity, ease of production, the relatively broad conceptual base of many signs, the standardization of the signs, and the provision of a core vocabulary. These principles also make them easier to learn and remember by other potential users of the system, including international travellers, parents adopting children from other countries, elderly persons who have developed hearing impairments, foreign language instructors, and students learning an additional spoken language.

Addressing the Content Vocabulary With Core: Theory and Practice for Nonliterate or Emerging Literate Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Witkowski ◽  
Bruce Baker
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Academic Tasks ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
Personal Success

Abstract In the early elementary grades, the primary emphasis is on developing skills crucial to future academic and personal success—specifically oral and written communication skills. These skills are vital to student success as well as to meaningful participation in the classroom and interaction with peers. Children with complex communication needs (CCN) may require the use of high-performance speech generating devices (SGDs). The challenges for these students are further complicated by the task of learning language at a time when they are expected to apply their linguistic skills to academic tasks. However, by focusing on core vocabulary as a primary vehicle for instruction, educators can equip students who use SGDs to develop language skills and be competitive in the classroom. In this article, we will define core vocabulary and provide theoretical and practical insights into integrating it into the classroom routine for developing oral and written communication skills.

8. Development of the Simplified Sign System

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-310
Author(s):  
John D. Bonvillian ◽  
Nicole Kissane Lee ◽  
Tracy T. Dooley ◽  
Filip T. Loncke
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Deaf Parents ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Initial Results

Chapter 8 provides background information on the development of the Simplified Sign System. These steps are included so that investigators may replicate research findings and/or develop additional signs for their own sign-intervention programs. The authors first discuss efforts to find highly iconic or representative gestures in the dictionaries of various sign languages and sign systems from around the world. If necessary, signs were then modified to make them easier to produce based on the results of prior studies of signing errors made by students with autism, the sign-learning children of Deaf parents, and undergraduate students unfamiliar with any sign language. These potential signs were then tested with different undergraduate students to determine whether the signs were sufficiently memorable and accurately formed. Signs that did not meet criterion were either dropped from the system or subsequently modified and re-tested. Initial results from comparison studies between Simplified Signs and ASL signs and between Simplified Signs and Amer-Ind signs are presented as well. Finally, feedback from users influenced the course of the project. Memory aids were developed, especially for those persons who have less familiarity with sign languages, to help explain the ties between each sign and its referent in case that relationship is not readily or immediately apparent to a potential learner.

SWiM

2011 ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Lange ◽  
Michael Kohlhase
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
System A ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Integrated Platform ◽  
Semantic Wiki ◽  
Public Collection ◽  
Term Objective

In this chapter, we present the SWiM system, a prototype semantic wiki for collaboratively building, editing, and browsing mathematical knowledge. SWiM is based on the semantic wiki IkeWiki, but replaces the wiki text with OMDoc, a markup format and ontology language for mathematical documents as the underlying knowledge representation format. Our long-term objective is to evolve SWiM into an integrated platform for ontology-based added-value services. As a social semantic work environment, it will facilitate the creation of a shared, public collection of mathematical knowledge (e.g., for education) and serve scientists as a tool for collaborative development of new theories. We discuss the architecture of the SWiM system focusing on its conceptual base, the OMDoc system ontology. In contrast to other semantic wikis, SWiM uses the system ontology to operationalize the fragments and relations of the underlying representation format, not only the domain ontology, that is, the relations between the represented objects themselves. We will present the prototype implementation of the SWiM system and propose its further evolution into a service platform for science and technology.

scholarly journals Law as a culturally constituted sign-system – A space for interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-267
Author(s):  
Wagner Anne ◽  
Aleksandra Matulewska ◽  
Le Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
System A ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Sign System ◽  
The World ◽  
Meaning Interpretation

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to discuss legal language systems as culturally constituted sign-systems that are continuously evolving in time and space. To understand messages formulated in legal languages, one needs to realize that law is culture-bound, which in turn means that law reflects society’s mentality, tolerance, knowledge, social perceptions, etc. At the same time, law is a living reality impacted by various global phenomena and other legal systems. Therefore, this legal reality has “divergent potentialities” (Hasegawa, Ko. 2016. “A glance at the dynamics of ‘confluence’ in a legal system – notes on H. Patrick Glenn’s insights concerning Legal Traditions of the World”. In Transnational Legal Theory. Vol. 7/1: 1–8, 3), which enable it to develop in various directions depending on wider social, political and technological contexts. Additionally, when communicating law interlingually and intralingually, one needs to take into account the knowledge of senders and recipients since the degree of commensurability of law depends on the uniformity of interpretation on meanings. When discussing the issues of sign meaning interpretation, the authors will focus on non-decomposable units and fuzzy units. The meaning of such terms is subject to interpretation through the prism of tacit knowledge. Therefore, the interpretation of any culturally constituted sign-system is burdened with some loss of information and meaning deficiency.

Preventing pressure sores in elderly persons using an embedded biofeedback system: A proof-of-concept study

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Chenu ◽  
Y. Payan ◽  
P. Hlavackova ◽  
B. Diot ◽  
F. Cannard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
System A ◽  
Biofeedback System

Communication Vulnerability within Singapore’s Healthcare Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 201010582110686
Author(s):  
Teck W. William Go ◽  
Hoi T. Mok ◽  
Sanchalika Acharyya ◽  
Darlin C. Suelo ◽  
Eu C. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Outpatient Settings

Communication difficulties can, and often do, create barriers between patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). We examined the perceptual differences between patients and caregivers; and HCWs with regards to their perceived communication vulnerabilities and identified communication needs in a tertiary hospital. A survey was conducted in selected outpatient settings among patients, their caregivers and HCWs, in a cross-sectional study. Respondents rated the reasons and frequency of encountering the communication difficulties during a hospital visit. Fifty-four percent of patients and caregivers cited poor hearing in the presence of noise, while HCWs cited patient’s poor vision (87%) as their primary communication barrier that requires improvement. Majority of HCWs (90%) had encountered patients who presented multiple communication barriers a quarter of the time. A third of HCWs felt that such encounters were especially challenging during communication, with very limited strategies available to deal with such communication vulnerable individuals. Patients, caregivers and HCWs universally experience communication challenges, even if their perceived barriers to communication happen to differ. Such perceptual difference between patients and HCWs may lead to inconsistent use of communication strategies by HCWs, potentially compromising patient’s healthcare needs. Nonetheless, the onus is on healthcare providers to bridge this communication gap to improve patient care.

scholarly journals Model for Vocabulary Selection of Sensitive Topics: An Example from Pain-Related Vocabulary

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Juan Bornman ◽  
Kerstin Tönsing ◽  
Ensa Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Graphic Symbol ◽  
Children's Pain ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractVocabulary selection for graphic symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication systems is important to enable persons with significant communication difficulties to express a variety of communication functions to indicate needs and wants, to develop social closeness, and to fulfill social etiquette. For persons who experience pain, abuse, bullying, or neglect, it is essential to be able to communicate about sensitive issues. However, published core vocabulary lists allow limited scope for communicating about sensitive topics, due mainly to the techniques employed to determine such lists (e.g., observations or recording of communication patterns of peers with typical development during fun-based or daily activities). This article is based on the outcome of a study of children's pain-related vocabulary. Based on the study, we propose a model for selecting vocabulary on sensitive topics. The model consists of four phases: (1) using hypothetical scenarios; (2) considering different perspectives that may affect vocabulary selection; (3) involving direct stakeholders, and (4) customizing vocabulary.

scholarly journals The Problems of Conceptualization and Categorization in English Terminology

Discourse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
S. V. Kiseleva ◽  
M. Yu. Mironova ◽  
N. А. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
New Words ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Communication Needs

Introduction. The paper focuses on the linguistic concepts of terminology and a term system, provides the views of linguists on the definition and differentiation of these terms, explains the semantics of the word and the term, as well as the role of the cognitive approach in modern terminology. The scientific work defines a concept and a category, and describes the role of the processes of conceptualization and categorization in English terminology. As more than 90 % of new words appearing in modern languages is vocabulary for special purposes, it is increasingly important to study the ways of their formation. The research is relevant since it provides a deeper understanding of the structure and content of concepts that underlie the formation of language categories, the mechanisms of interaction between cognitive and language structures in the process of forming the terminological meaning.Methodology and sources. In light of the cognitive approach to understanding the semantics of a word the authors emphasize anthropocentrist thinking, language picture of the world and lexical-semantic variants of the word. The cognitive approach allows us to reveal the causes and mechanisms of dynamic processes in the field of professional nomination, taking into account the changing cognitive and communication needs of people. The research is made using corpora data.Results and discussion. It has been found out, that cognitive categories are linked to conceptually defined prototypes that are crucial for the formation of categories. The necessary to define the central elements of prototypical categories has been proved, as they make the category logical, understandable and convenient, since all members of the category meet a given list of characteristics. As a result of the research it has been proved that in an investment terminological system a prototype turns out to be the best representative of a category.Conclusion. It has been concluded that the study of conceptualization and categorization processes is extremely important when analyzing terminological systems in general, and investment terminological system of English, in particular, because it allows to identify the basic concepts underlying the formation of terminological systems. The study of the principles and mechanisms of categorization of language units makes it possible to identify and analyze their prototypical semantics in terms of their common properties with the prototype of the category. This possibility is of paramount importance for research in the field of cognitive linguistics, since it is the prototypical semantics of language units that largely determines their use in a sentence to convey a particular meaning.

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