REGULATIONS WITH RESPECT TO CIVIL TURNOVER IN THE ACT ON THE RESTITUTION OF POLISH HERITAGE ASSETS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO MUSEUMS’ OPERATION

It is the legal regulations related to civil turnover specified in the Act of 25 May 2017 on the Restitution of Polish Heritage Assets (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2019, Item 1591) in the context of the activity of museums and other institutions running a museum activity that is the topic of the paper. They speak of legal activities including ownership transfer or charge on Poland’s heritage assets pertaining to public collections, or the ban on acquiring assets from a person unauthorized to dispose of them or manage them by prescription, as well as of the non-limitation of claims for their release. The Author analyses the central concept of the quoted Act: that of the <u>national heritage assets of the Polish Republic</u> pertaining to public collections, while discussing in detail both criteria that are related to it: subject- and ownership-related ones. He points to the fact that the definition of public collections it contains is extremely broad, covering not only public collections in the colloquial meaning of the term, but also the collections of the majority of private museums, as well as non-museum collections of private entities and persons, as long as they have applied public financing. In the further part of the paper, the civil-law regulations specified in the Act are discussed, with special emphasis on the requested form of the legal actions including the transfer of ownership or burden (in writing with a certified date) suggesting that this can apply also to deposit or lending contracts. He also discusses the praxis and judicature with respect to the in writing with a certified date pointing to the possible lack of the awareness of the contract parties that the object of the contract pertains to a public collection in compliance with the provisions of the Act, and that the special contract format should be kept. In this context the Author presents some practical solutions allowing to avoid certain negative consequences. In the conclusion it is emphasized that the regulation contains certain concepts which might inspire essential interpretative doubts having impact on the application of the discussed regulations.

CLARA Review: Kourou, N & G. Bourgiannis. Ρυθμοί της Κυπριακής Κεραμικής: Σύντομη Επισκόπηση με βάση τη Συλλογή του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου του Τμήματος Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών

The material and visual culture of Cyprus in Greece is represented by two important public collections in Athens, the Thanos Zintilis Collection at the Museum of Cycladic Art, and the collection of Cypriot Antiquities at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Both are quantitatively and qualitatively hefty and are wonderfully exhibited in displays that seek to convey to laymen and expertsalike the complexity, interconnections and cultural vigour of Cyprus over several millennia.The handy compendium by Nota Kourou and Giorgos Bourogiannis publishes an equally important, but not as easily accessible to a wider public, collection of Cypriote ceramics at the Archaeological Museum of the University of Athens. This is a didactic collection for students of history, art and archaeology in this institution whose curriculum has regularly included subjects on the art and archaeology of Cyprus since the 1980s.

Scaling up psychology via Scientific Regret Minimization

Do large datasets provide value to psychologists? Without a systematic methodology for working with such datasets, there is a valid concern that analyses will produce noise artifacts rather than true effects. In this paper, we offer a way to enable researchers to systematically build models and identify novel phenomena in large datasets. One traditional approach is to analyze the residuals of models—the biggest errors they make in predicting the data—to discover what might be missing from those models. However, once a dataset is sufficiently large, machine learning algorithms approximate the true underlying function better than the data, suggesting, instead, that the predictions of these data-driven models should be used to guide model building. We call this approach “Scientific Regret Minimization” (SRM), as it focuses on minimizing errors for cases that we know should have been predictable. We apply this exploratory method on a subset of the Moral Machine dataset, a public collection of roughly 40 million moral decisions. Using SRM, we find that incorporating a set of deontological principles that capture dimensions along which groups of agents can vary (e.g., sex and age) improves a computational model of human moral judgment. Furthermore, we are able to identify and independently validate three interesting moral phenomena: criminal dehumanization, age of responsibility, and asymmetric notions of responsibility.

FRed: Conditional Model Checking via Reducers and Folders

There are many hard verification problems that are currently only solvable by applying several verifiers that are based on complementing technologies. Conditional model checking (CMC) is a successful solution for cooperation between verification tools. In CMC, the first verifier outputs a condition describing the state space that it successfully verified. The second verifier uses the condition to focus its verification on the unverified state space. To use arbitrary second verifiers, we recently proposed a reducer-based approach. One can use the reducer-based approach to construct a conditional verifier from a reducer and a (non-conditional) verifier: the reducer translates the condition into a residual program that describes the unverified state space and the verifier can be any off-the-shelf verifier (that does not need to understand conditions). Until now, only one reducer was available. But for a systematic investigation of the reducer concept, we need several reducers. To fill this gap, we developed FRed, a Framework for exploring different REDucers. Given an existing reducer, FRed allows us to derive various new reducers, which differ in their trade-off between size and precision of the residual program. For our experiments, we derived seven different reducers. Our evaluation on the largest and most diverse public collection of verification problems shows that we need all seven reducers to solve hard verification tasks that were not solvable before with the considered verifiers.

Diversity, evolution, and classification of virophages uncovered through global metagenomics

Background Virophages are small viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes that replicate along with giant viruses and co-infect eukaryotic cells. Due to the paucity of virophage reference genomes, a collective understanding of the global virophage diversity, distribution, and evolution is lacking. Results Here we screened a public collection of over 14,000 metagenomes using the virophage-specific major capsid protein (MCP) as “bait.” We identified 44,221 assembled virophage sequences, of which 328 represent high-quality (complete or near-complete) genomes from diverse habitats including the human gut, plant rhizosphere, and terrestrial subsurface. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed the presence of four core genes in a conserved block. We used these genes to establish a revised virophage classification including 27 clades with consistent genome length, gene content, and habitat distribution. Moreover, for eight high-quality virophage genomes, we computationally predicted putative eukaryotic virus hosts. Conclusion Overall, our approach has increased the number of known virophage genomes by 10-fold and revealed patterns of genome evolution and global virophage distribution. We anticipate that the expanded diversity presented here will provide the backbone for further virophage studies.

Statistical Deadband: A Novel Approach for Event-Based Data Reporting

Deadband algorithms are implemented inside industrial gateways to reduce the volume of data sent across different networks. By tuning the deadband sampling resolution by a preset interval Δ , it is possible to estimate the balance between the traffic rates of networks connected by industrial SCADA gateways. This work describes the design and implementation of two original deadband algorithms based on statistical concepts derived by John Bollinger in his financial technical analysis. The statistical algorithms proposed do not require the setup of a preset interval—this is required by non-statistical algorithms. All algorithms were evaluated and compared by computing the effectiveness and fidelity over a public collection of random pseudo-periodic signals. The overall performance measured in the simulations showed better results, in terms of effectiveness and fidelity, for the statistical algorithms, while the measured computing resources were not as efficient as for the non-statistical deadband algorithms.

‘Cos I’m a Survivor’

In post-war Finland thousands of children experienced poor upbringing, neglect and abuse, and had to deal with their experiences without social support from adults. In this article we study how difficult and bitter experiences related to childhood crises are remembered, reinterpreted and reframed in later life and in contemporary Finland. As research material we use both oral and written reminiscences of childhood in the post-war years collected in the period 2014–2016. We argue that in the recollections of difficult childhood coping and resilience emerge as major narrative themes. Although informants in their childhood were forced to suffer in silence, they remember themselves as being resilient and capable of surviving in adverse environments. In their late adulthood public collection of childhood memories has offered them a suitable medium to remember and reframe their experiences as meaningful, by exposing the ‘culture of silence’ which prevailed in the post-war Finland.

Colecta Pública 2017 (Public Collection)

Amount collected: Thanks to the support of all Peruvians, the League Against Cancer managed to raise more than 2,500,000 thousand soles in a record time of 2 days, a historic figure never before achieved by institutions that fight against cancer. Background and context: The League Against Cancer carries out its national public collection every year, a charitable activity of fundraising that invokes the population to donate, during two days, so that the institution can continue carrying out actions of prevention and detection in favor of the people more vulnerable. Despite the high incidence of cancer in Peru (more than 60,000 new cases and 40,000 deaths a year), never before had a crusade unite all Peruvians, in Peru and abroad, in the fight against the disease. To do this, the League Against Cancer created the campaign “La Liga Somos Todos”, to promote the participation of all Peruvians, regardless of the place or country where they were. Aim: Raise 2,000,000 soles in 2 days, so that the institution continues carrying out prevention and cancer detection actions in the less favored population, and thus reduce the high incidence of cancer in Peru. Strategy/Tactics: We involve all media, proposing that they be the main leaders and promoters of this crusade and that each one choose its maximum leader to represent it before public opinion, an action never before done in Peru to raise funds to prevent cancer. We invite the President of the Republic and all his Cabinet of Ministers, in addition to the municipal and regional authorities of the country to join the campaign. For the campaign to transcend the world: we get the collaboration of the embassies and consulates of Peru in the world, as well as communities of Peruvians abroad, getting thousands of Peruvians from five continents to join. We convinced recognized celebrities to be spokespersons for the campaign. A virtual donation platform “The Virtual Can” was created which was inserted in the main Web pages. Costs and returns: More than 100 media nationwide joined and committed to the campaign. More than 1200 ads ran for free that represented a savings of $ 500,000. More than 1060 publications in media that represented a saving of more than US $6,805,583. More than 500 authorities, influencers, media, companies, public and private institutions, joined by spreading content in their social networks. We managed to be a global trend 4 times with the hashtag #LaLigaSomosTodos (#WeAllTheLeague). Thanks to the support of all Peruvians, the League Against Cancer managed to raise more than 2,500,000 soles in a record time of 2 days, a historic figure never before achieved by institutions that fight against cancer. We learned that a communication campaign with clear messages from the beginning, achieved the participation and collaboration of a whole country that seeks to reduce the incidence of cancer. [Figure: see text]