scholarly journals High Altitude as an Environmental Economic Good: Estimating Its Economic Value Using Willingness to Incur Costs by Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Silah Misoi ◽  
Andrew Kiptum
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Good

scholarly journals The improvement of solidwaste management in Cibodas Botanical Garden through environmental economic valuation using the travel cost method

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Iwan Juwana ◽  
Muhammad Sirdar Albar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Total Economic Value

Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) is believed to have high environmental value for its function as conservation area and beautiful scenery. However, prior to this research, there is lack of economic valuation to determine the total value of CBG, including its environment. The local government, on the other hand, needs such environmental economic valuation to execute better decisions related to the CBG. This study aims at providing the mostly-needed economic valuation through the application of Travel Cost Method. The Travel Cost Method (TCM) is a method to calculate the economic value of products or services that do not own market value. This method utilises total cost of consumers who travel to certain places, preferably tourist destinations. The cost spent by consumers are considered as their willingness to pay (WTP) for the visited destination(s). In this study, TCM is used by preparing questionnaires for Cibodas visitors, analysing the results of the questionnaires, calculating the total economic value (TEV) of Cibodas, determining the consumer surplus, and proposing environmental programs at CBG. At the end, it was calculated that the TEV of Cibodas Botanical Garden is IDR113,072,532,700 with average WTP of the visitors IDR202,484 per visitor and the consumer surplus of IDR32,344 per visitor. Also, this study reveals that solid waste management improvement at CBG can be funded by potential income from the consumer surplus.

Water as an Economic Good

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Economic Good ◽  
New Perspective

This chapter discusses the idea of water as an economic good. In the past several decades, there has been greater recognition that how humans manage water scarcity and its competing uses must change. This new perspective is reflected in the International Conference on Water and the Environment's (ICWE) 1992 Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development, which declared as one of its core principles: “Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good.” If water is an “economic good,” then the institutions for managing water should ensure that scarce water is allocated to its most valuable competing use. Rising freshwater scarcity would mean that all users of water would pay higher costs. Any increasing scarcity would be temporary and the resulting higher costs would be “an important way of achieving efficient and equitable use, and of encouraging conservation and protection of water resources.”

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah Dataran Tinggi (Allium ascalonicum L.) Akibat Jarak Tanam yang Berbeda di Dataran Rendah

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Rima Febryna ◽  
Elly Kesumawati ◽  
Mardhiah Hayati
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
National Consumption

Abstrak. Bawang merah adalah komoditas sayuran yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, sebagai pemenuhan konsumsi nasional, sumber penghasilan petani, maupun potensinya sebagai penghasil devisa negara. Salah satu cara dalam meningkatkan produksi bawang merah yaitu mengembangkan beberapa varietas bawang merah dataran tinggi serta pengaturan jarak tanam yang sesuai di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas bawang merah dataran tinggi akibat jarak tanam yang berbeda di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan dan Laboratorium Hortikultura Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh pada bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 4 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu varietas bawang merah terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu Lokal Gayo, Tajuk, Batu Ijo, dan Brebes dan jarak tanam yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, dan 20 cm x 25 cm. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji F, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah pada semua parameter yang diamati, pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik dijumpai pada varietas Batu Ijo. Perlakuan jarak tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur 15, 30, dan 45 HST, diameter umbi, bobot berangkasan basah, bobot basah umbi, bobot berangkasan kering serta bobot kering umbi, pertumbuhan dan dan hasil terbaik diperoleh pada jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara jarak tanam dengan varietas terhadap bobot berangkasan basah, bobot basah umbi, bobot berangkasan kering serta bobot kering umbi dan nyata terhadap jumlah anakan per rumpun, pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik dijumpai pada kombinasi varietas Batu Ijo dengan jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm.Growth and Yeild of some high-altitude shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) varieties due to different spacing in the lowlandsAbstract. Shallots are vegetable commodities that have high economic value, as a fulfillment of national consumption, farmers' sources of income, as well as their potential as foreign exchange earners. One way to increase the production of shallots is to develop a number of high-altitude shallots as well as to adjust the spacing that is suitable in the lowlands. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of some highland shallots due to different spacing in the lowlands. This research was conducted at Experiment Garden 2 East Sector and Horticulture Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah University Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh from April to June 2018. This study used a Randomized Block Design 4 x 3 factorial pattern with 3 replications. Factors studied were red onion varieties consisting of 4 levels namely Local Gayo, Tajuk, Batu Ijo, and Brebes spacing consisting of three levels, namely 20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, and 20 cm x 25 cm. The data obtained were analyzed using F test, followed by BNJ test at the level of 5%. The results showed that varieties had a very significant effect on the growth and yield of onion plants on all parameters observed. The treatment of plant spacing has a very significant effect on plant height at the age of 15, 30, and 45 day after planting, diameter of tubers, weight of wet seedlings, wet weight of tubers, dry weight and weight of tubers. There is a very real interaction between plant spacing with varieties on wet-weighted, wet weight of tubers, dry-weighted weight and dry weight of tubers. There is a real interaction with the number of tillers per clump.

scholarly journals PENILAIAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM SITU GUNUNG SUKABUMI: PENERAPAN TCM

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Tatan Sukwika ◽  
Fitra Rahmatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
New Development ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

ABSTRAK Pengembangan dan pengelolaan kawasan wisata alam diperlukan nilai ekonomi lingkungan yang terdapat pada suatu kawasan pariwisata. Pembangunan wisata baru dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi suatu kawasan wisata. Nilai ekonomi lingkungan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian menentukan nilai lingkungan dan faktor intensitas kunjungan wisatawan. Metode yang digunakan untuk penentuan nilai lingkungan adalah metode travel cost. Pengambilan data lapangan digunakan kuesioner dan wawancara responden. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh intensitas pengunjung terhadap faktor waktu tempuh, tingkat pendidikan, umur, dan tingkat pendapatan. Kesimpulannya biaya kunjungan wisata terbesar adalah biaya transportasi, nilai ekonomi kawasan taman wisata alam (TWA) Situ Gunung melampaui Rp200 miliar dan kesediaan membayar (WTP) pengunjung masih menyisakan 62,25% nilai ekonomi yang didapatkan dari total ekonomi. Penelitian lanjutan direkomendasikan fokus pada daya dukung lingkungan untuk melihat kegiatan pariwisata di kawasan TWA Situ Gunung Sukabumi untuk menunjang data TCM. Kata kunci: metode biaya perjalanan, pariwisata, situ gunung Sukabumi, WTP  ABSTRACT The development and management of natural tourism areas should contain environmental economic value in it. The new development can increase the economic value of that tourism area. Environmental economic value can be a reference for sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to obtain environmental values and to determine the tourist visit intensity factor. Travel cost method was used in obtaining the environmental value. Retrieval of field data used questionnaires and interview respondents. The results of the research simultaneously showed that there was an effect on visitor intensity on the factors of travel time, education level, age, and income level. In conclusion, the biggest cost of tourist visits is the cost of transportation, the economic value of the Situ Gunung nature park (TWA) area exceeds Rp 200 billion and the willingness to pay (WTP) of visitors still leaves 62.25% of the economic value obtained from the total economy. Further research is recommended to focus on the carrying capacity of the environment to see tourism activities in the TWA Situ Gunung Sukabumi area to support TCM data. Keywords:  travel cost method, tourism, situ gunung Sukabumi, WTP

scholarly journals Nilai Ekonomi Lingkungan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Dan Limbah Tankos Hasil Pengolahan Industri Kelapa Sawit PT. Musirawas Citraharpindo

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Afirus Febian ◽  
Danang Biyatmoko ◽  
Arief R. M. Akbar ◽  
Emmy Lilimantik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Negative Impacts

The development of plantations is currently accompanied by environmental issues arising from the waste from the palm oil industry. The utilization of waste to be of economic value is necessary to reduce negative impacts on the environment and create an environmentally friendly industry. Thus, it can reduce production costs, increase income, and not burden the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the environmental economic value of the utilization of liquid waste and tankos solid waste. This research method uses observation, interview, documentation, and economic valuation techniques. The results of the calculation of changes in the productivity of waste utilization as a reduction in the use of urea fertilizer, RP fertilizer, MOP fertilizer, and kieserite fertilizer provide an economic value of sludge liquid waste of IDR 46,644,326.72 and tankos solid waste of IDR 1,784,059,650.00. The results of the study conclude that the use of sludge liquid waste and tankos solid waste carried out by the company in 2017 with an applied area of 3,443.16 hectares was able to provide an environmental economic value of Rp. 1,830,703,967.72.

scholarly journals The new economic good: Your own personal data. An integrative analysis of the Dark Web

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1216-1226
Author(s):  
Vanesa-Madalina Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
New Era ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Good ◽  
The Times

Abstract Do you remember the times when the copyright or a patent had no economic value? Neither do I, because this happened more than 300 years ago when the printing activity took place completely free. It was the eighteenth century, when France, England, Germany and the United Kingdom realized that the author was pretty important for the state and the first regulations appeared. Exactly like the intellectual property, in the new era of technology, dynamic change and growing e-commerce, the data with personal character is the newest economic good. More and more studies and journals show that in the near future the personal information will also have an economic value since databases are so important for businesses, but also for other institutions like the police or even intelligence agencies. The current article is the first in a row of a complex research regarding the importance of the personal data in the current economy and its actual value in an organization. Further studies will be needed in order to conclude and create a model for measuring the value of personal data. This first step is a research and a detailed analysis of the current status-quo. The changes that appeared after the entry of the European directives regarding General Data Protection Regulation will be analyzed. Another significant section of the article is a close review of the personal data black market. In order to submit this aspect as clear and objective as possible, further research on the dark internet (Onion) was conducted and prices for clones of credit cards, Amazon or PayPal accounts and cloned personal documents were examined and charted.

scholarly journals The Extension of Vegetable Production to High Altitudes Increases the Environmental Cost and Decreases Economic Benefits in Subtropical Regions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Wang ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Dunxiu Liao ◽  
Weilin Tao ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
Low Altitude

Abstract Global warming has driven the expansion of cultivated land to high-altitude areas. Intensive vegetable production, which is generally considered to be a high economic value and high environmental risk system, has expanded greatly in high-altitude mountainous areas of China. However, the environmental cost of vegetable production in these areas is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated pepper production at low (traditional pepper production area) and high (newly expanded area) altitudes in Shizhu, a typical pepper crop area. The output and environmental cost at the two altitudes were identified. We evaluated the influence of resource inputs, climate, and soil properties on pepper production. There were obvious differences in output and environmental cost between the two altitudes. High-altitude pepper production achieved a 16.2% lower yield, and had a higher fertilizer input, resulting in a 22.3% lower net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB), 23.0% higher nitrogen (N) footprint and 24.0% higher carbon (C) footprint compared to low-altitude farming. There is potential for environmental mitigation with both high- and low-altitude pepper production; Compared to average farmers, high yield farmers groups reduced their N and C footprints by 16.9–24.8% and 18.3–25.2%, respectively, with 30.6–34.1% higher yield. A large increase in yield could also be achieved by increasing the top-dress fertilizer rate and decreasing the plant density. Importantly, high-altitude pepper production was achieved despite less advanced technology and inferior conditions (e.g., a poor road system and uneven fields). It provides a reference for the study on environmental cost of other high-altitude regions or other crop systems at high altitude area.

Contrast of Filament Bright Rims

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
E. V. Kononovich ◽  
O. B. Smirnova ◽  
P. Heinzel ◽  
P. Kotrč
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Line Center ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe Hα filtergrams obtained at Tjan-Shan High Altitude Observatory near Alma-Ata (Moscow University Station) were measured in order to specify the bright rims contrast at different points along the line profile (0.0; ± 0.25; ± 0.5; ± 0.75 and ± 1.0 Å). The mean contrast value in the line center is about 25 percent. The bright rims interpretation as the bases of magnetic structures supporting the filaments is suggested.

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