scholarly journals La ermoza istorya de Robinzon o la mizerya: Sephardi Versions of Robinson Crusoe

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Marta Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Narrative Fiction ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Gulliver's Travels ◽  
The 19Th Century

La ermoza istorya de Robinzon o la mizerya: Sephardi Versions of Robinson CrusoeIn the second half of the 19th century the Haskalah, an intellectual movement whose objective was to educate and westernize Eastern European Jews, also reached the Sephardic communities in the Ottoman Empire. As a result, there emerged Sephardic modern secular literature, represented mainly by narrative fiction, theatre plays and press. It should be added that modern Sephardic literature is primarily based on translations or adaptations of Western novels. Among these texts we find Sephardic editions of classics of European literature, such as Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift.I have found four different versions of Robinson Crusoe that were written in Judeo-Spanish and edited in aljamía. Two of them were published serially in Sephardi press, one in Salonica in 1881 and the other in Constantinople in 1900. The other two editions were prepared by Ben Tsiyon Taragan and published as complete versions, the first one in Jerusalem in 1897 and the second one in Constantinople in 1924. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief analysis of the Sephardic adaptations of Robinson Crusoe by Taragan. La ermoza istorya de Robinzon o la mizerya: sefardyjska wersja Robinsona CrusoeHaskala, zwana także Żydowskim Oświeceniem, to ruch intelektualny, którego celem było odrodzenie kulturowe i społeczne Żydów z EuropyWschodniej oraz ich integracja ze środowiskiem lokalnym. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku Haskala objęła także społeczność Żydów sefardyjskich zamieszkujących tereny należące do Imperium Osmańskiego, w wyniku czego powstała współczesna, świecka literatura sefardyjska reprezentowana głównie przez prozę, sztuki teatralne oraz prasę. Warto dodać, że współczesna literatura sefardyjska oparta jest przede wszystkim na przekładach lub adaptacjach powieści uważanych za klasykę literatury europejskiej, takich jak Romeo i Julia Williama Szekspira, Robinson Crusoe Daniela Defoe czy Podróże Guliwera Jonathana Swifta.W trakcie prowadzonych przeze mnie badań natrafiłam na cztery różne judeo-hiszpańskie wersje Robinsona Crusoe, które zapisane zostały alfabetem hebrajskim, tzw. pismem Rasziego. Dwie z nich ukazały się w prasie sefardyjskiej, jako powieść w odcinkach, pierwsza w Salonikach w 1881 r., a druga w Konstantynopolu w 1900 r. Pozostałe dwie, autorstwa Ben Tsiyona Taragana, zostały wydane w całości, pierwsza w Jerozolimie w 1897 r., druga zaś w Konstantynopolu w 1924 r. Celem tego artykułu jest prezentacja oraz krótka analiza sefardyjskich adaptacji Robinsona Crusoe autorstwa B. T. Taragana.

The First Globalization Debate: Crusoe vs. Gulliver

2011 ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Craufurd D. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Adventure Story ◽  
Gulliver's Travels

Two of the earliest novels in English, Robinson Crusoe (1719) by Daniel Defoe and Gulliver's Travels (1726) by Jonathan Swift, are widely perceived as an entertaining adventure story and a pioneering work of science fiction. Viewed by modern economists, however, they appear as expressions of opposing positions on the desirability of integration within a world economy. Crusoe demonstrated the gains from trade and colonization and the attendant social and political benefits. By contrast, Swift warned of complex entanglements that would arise from globalization, especially with foreign leaders who operated from theory and models rather than common sense.

scholarly journals Robinson Crusoe, Rousseau y Simón Rodríguez: pedagogos de la modernidad1

2010 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Maldonado García
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Jose Enrique Rodo ◽  
Simon Bolivar

El Bicentenario es un suceso capaz de desplegar asertos y versiones inusitadas del sueño independentista; en este artículo el autor utiliza la imagen del héroe para repensar la pedagogía, la construcción del sujeto maestro y su discípulo. El periplo seleccionado pasa por autores y obras románticas de primer orden: Jean Jacques Rousseau, William Shakespeare, Daniel Defoe y Simón Rodríguez, el factor común entre los autores es el carácter romántico propio de aquellos discípulos creados a imagen y semejanza de sus maestros: Calibán, Robinson Crusoe, Emilio y Simón Bolívar. Un segundo momento acude a obras de José Enrique Rodó y Roberto Fernández Retamar para configurar metafóricamente la subjetividad latinoamericana.

scholarly journals From Defoe to Coetzee’s Foe/Foe through Authorship

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Andreia Irina Suciu ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Culea ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article investigates the concept of authorship in the works of two authors separated by three centuries, namely, Daniel Defoe and J. M. Coetzee, both concerned, in different ways, with aspects regarding the origin and originators of literary works or with the act of artistic creation in general. After a brief literature review, the article focuses on Coetzee’s contemporary revisitation of the question of authorship and leaps back and forth in time from Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) to Coetzee’s Foe (1986). The purpose is that of highlighting the multiple perspectives (and differences) regarding the subject of authorship, including such notions and aspects as: canonicity related to the act of writing and narrating, metafiction, self-reflexivity and intertextuality, silencing and voicing, doubling, bodily substance and the substance of a story, authenticity, (literary) representation and the truth, authoring, the author’s powers, the relation between author and character or between narrator and story, authorial self-consciousness, agency, or ambiguity. The findings presented in the article show that both works are seminal in their attempts to define and redefine the notion of authorship, one (Defoe) concerned with the first literary endeavours of establishing the roles of professional authorship in England, while the other (Coetzee), intervenes in existing literary discussions of the late twentieth century concerning the postmodern author and (the questioning of or liberation of the text from) his powers.

scholarly journals Changing Identities in Ottoman Context: The National «Self» and the «Other» in 19th Century Greek Women’s Writings

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Dalakoura
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Women Intellectuals ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper acts as an editorial of the thematic issue «Education in Southeastern Europe: From Empires to Nation-States», in which is included. It explores the constructions/reconstructions of collective national identities within the Ottoman Empire, for the period of the 1840s until the end of the 19th century, focusing on the Ottoman Greek case. Given that women’s education emerges as an ethnic/ national project in the discourses throughout the period under research, the study based on the works of three women intellectuals concerning women and women’s education, examines the conceptualizations of «nation» and the changing images of national «selves» and «others». The concepts of «East»/ «Orient»/ «Ottoman» and «West» are also studied as connected with the nation and its position in the respective imagined communities. The women whose works are studied as representative of the different discourses and multiple conceptualizations of the notions aforementioned are: Eufrosyne Samartzidou (1820-1877), editor of the first women’s journal published in the Ottoman territories [Kypseli (1845)], Sappho Leontias (1830-1900), and Kalliope Kehagia (1839-1905), both celebrated educators, writers and intellectual. The paper concludes by associating its analyses and conclusions with the topic of the issue, and presenting the papers included.

scholarly journals Development of Faroese children’s literature. Challenges in a minority society / Føroyskar barnabókmentir. Avbjóðingar hjá eini smátjóð

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Marna Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p><strong>Úrtak</strong></p><p>Í greinini, sum er grundað á ein fyrilestur, ið varð hildin á ráðstevnu hjá Ibby (The International Board on Books for Young People) í Santiago de Compostela í 2010, verður sagt frá, hvussu føroyskar barnabókmentir hava ment seg, serliga við denti á bókaútgávu fyri einum lutfalsliga lítlum málbólki.</p><p>     Í Føroyum hava kvæði, sagnir, ævintýr og annar skaldskapur livað sítt fríska lív á manna munni, líka síðan fólk hava sett búgv á oyggjunum, meðan skrivaðu bókmentirnar eru av nýggjari uppruna. Fyrsta upprunaføroyska barnabókin kom út í 1958, um somu tíð sum føroyskir lærarar settu bókaforlag á stovn við tí greiða endamáli at geva út barnabøkur á føroyskum.</p><p>     At geva út bøkur í Føroyum er ikki ein løtt uppgáva, fyrst og fremst tí bara umleið 50.000 fólk tosa føroyskt mál og eitt føroyskt forlag tí ikki hevur fyrimunin av einum stórum  sølumarknaði.</p><p>     Annar trupulleiki er so tann, at føroyskir rithøvundar og kanska serliga  barnabókarithøvundar hava stríðst fyri, at føroyskt mál verður viðurkent  sum  skaldskaparmál  millum  føroyingar sjálvar. Hetta tí at føroyskt er so ávirkað av donskum, og at danskt hevur kenst líka natúrligt, ja í mongum førum natúrligari at lesa hjá flest fólkum enn teirra egna mál, føroyskt.</p><p> </p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong></p><p>The first children’s book published in Faroese was the renowned Robinson Crusoe by the English author Daniel Defoe. This was in 1914 and many welcomed the book, but there were also quite a few who were unhappy about it. They felt that the publication in Faroese was a provocation against Denmark or Danish language in the Faroes (Sigurðardóttir, 1990). The opposition against Robinson Crusoe in translation sheds light on a problem, which the Faroese book market has suffered and partly still suffers, namely people’s attitude towards their mother tongue.</p><p>     Although today’s opposition against Faroese is not comparable to that generated by publishing a book in 1914, language is still a very sensitive topic in children’s books. The problem is first and foremost caused by the Faroes’ political situation, as a part of the Danish kingdom, which has meant that the language used in public administration, school, church and parliament in the Faroes was Danish.</p>     The Faroese have always spoken their own language, but have only recently started writing it. Only in the latter half of the 19th century steps were taken to generate a Faroese grammar. We must also bear in mind that written Faroese was not taught in Faroese schools until 1920, and it was not until 1937 that the Public School Act was amended, making Faroese, rather than Danish, the teaching language.

scholarly journals Quem conta minha história? As mutilações do cânone e a construção do Outro em Foe, de J. M. Coetzee

Em Tese ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Jivago Araújo Holanda Ribeiro Gonçalves ◽  
Sebastião Alves Teixeira Lopes
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
The Tempest

Tomando a narrativa literária como campo fecundo para revisitação de obras já canonizadas, Foe, escrito em 1986 por J. M. Coetzee, se inscreve em um amplo debate acerca da representatividade dos sujeitos em situações subalternizadas e suas possibilidades de expressão, via texto literário, que se inicia a partir dos anos 1960 com o recrudescimento dos estudos pós-coloniais. A obra em questão reconfigura as relações entre personagens outrora representados na tradição da literatura inglesa, a saber, o colonizador branco e o escravizado negro. O texto é uma releitura direta de The tempest (1611), de William Shakespeare e Robinson Crusoé (1719), de Daniel Defoe. Interessa pensar em que medida se efetua na obra uma reconfiguração dos posicionamentos de tais personagens, que visa elucidar a sub-representação à qual o sujeito negro, na condição de sujeito escravizado, foi submetido. A simbologia arquitetada por Coetzee é precisa: o sujeito escravizado, de nome Sexta-feira, é mutilado fisicamente – não possui sua própria língua, pois essa lhe foi cortada por seu antigo dono, e assim não é capaz de contar sua própria história. De tal fato sobrevém o cerne da narrativa: a ressignificação do silêncio enquanto única instância de resistência frente ao projeto colonizador. Assim, este trabalho busca responder aos questionamentos que a obra literária suscita na ordem das possibilidades de fala do sujeito negro e da legitimidade de sua representação e constituição como o Outro do colonizador. Para isso, privilegiamos as relações que se estabelecem na obra entre o sujeito europeu, detentor da fala e da possibilidade da escrita, e o sujeito subalternizado, privado de sua capacidade de fala.

scholarly journals A brief survey of the fight against corruption in the Russian and Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th century

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
Kristina Jorgic ◽  
Petar Colic
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
The 19Th Century

For the Russian and Turkish Empire the nineteenth century is the period of adopting reform laws to modernize the country in order to be competitive in the course of time. Although the reform process in Russia was obstructed by the Arakcheyev regime and reactionary politics of Nicholas I of Russia, the government made a serious step in the fight against systemic corruption, enacting the Criminal Code of 1845. On the other hand, Turkey was undoubtedly under considerable foreign pressure concerning modernization processes. The Tanzimat period represents a significant epoch in which Turkey, among other countries, was faced with widespread corruption. The crown success of reformatory work in Turkey was adoption of the Criminal Code of 1856. This paper analyzes the specific laws which sanctioned corruption in these two empires.

Testing the Market

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oakleaf
Keyword(s):  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Eliza Haywood ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Gulliver's Travels ◽  
Jane Barker ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Fictional Memoir ◽  
Mary Davys ◽  
The Many

Like their imitators, Eliza Haywood and even Daniel Defoe have been called mercenaries who wrote to formula for low readers with limited intellects. Yet Love in Excess and Robinson Crusoe inaugurated a decade of lively, market-driven narrative experiment aimed at sophisticated gentry readers. When low scandal titillated, it originated in high life. Highly inventive, Jane Barker, Mary Davys, Penelope Aubin, and some authors of the many lives and surprising adventures in the Crusoe manner read their rivals with professional care. They adapted and contested as well as adopted Defoe’s distinctive fictional memoir, Haywood’s equally modern amatory sublime. So did Jonathan Swift when he parodied Robinson Crusoe’s strategies in Gulliver’s Travels, an anonymous narrative that matched its commercial triumph. Swift hastened the vogue’s end, but these novelists’ commercial and literary legacy endures.

In the midst of the global and the local: Neo-Ottoman detectives of Filinta

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-372
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Kesirli Unur
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Drama ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Police Procedural ◽  
Global Television ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Television Market

This article intends to understand the significance of depicting the Ottoman past in Turkish TV dramas by focusing on Filinta [Flintlock] (2014–2016) , a hybrid of historical drama and police procedural that is set in the second half of the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire. On the one hand, the article examines the influence of the Ottoman heritage in localising the police procedural genre in Filinta by exploring various kinds of local, cultural and historical connections. On the other hand, it investigates the appeal of using the Ottoman markers in increasing the popularity of the series in the global television market.

Ruler Visibility and Popular Belonging in the Ottoman Empire, 1808-1908

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Stephanov
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Point Model ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Tanzimat Reforms ◽  
The One

‘What do we really speak of when we speak of the modern ethno-national mindset and where shall we search for its roots?’ This is the central question of a book arguing that the periodic ceremonial intrusion into the everyday lives of people across the Ottoman Empire, which the annual royal birthday and accession-day celebrations constituted, had multiple, far-reaching, and largely unexplored consequences. On the one hand, it brought ordinary subjects into symbolic contact with the monarch and forged lasting vertical ties of loyalty to him, irrespective of language, location, creed or class. On the other hand, the rounds of royal celebration played a key role in the creation of new types of horizontal ties and ethnic group consciousness that crystallized into national movements, and, after the empire’s demise, national monarchies. The book discusses the themes of public space/sphere, the Tanzimat reforms, millet, modernity, nationalism, governmentality, and the modern state, among others. It offers a new, thirteen-point model of modern belonging based on the concept of ruler visibility.

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