scholarly journals Praktyki polskości

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Grudzińska-Gross
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

Polishness in PracticeThere were two phases in the post-1989 Polish historical politics as projected abroad. The initially “normal” Poland gradually transformed itself around year 2004 into a Poland of suffering and redemption. An important role in that transformation was played by the reaction to the external vision of Poland’s role and fate during the Second World War, causing the “Holocaustization” of the Polish historical self-image. The article discusses the main elements of that self-image and the way it is used. Praktyki polskościSkierowana na zagranicę polityka historyczna państwa polskiego dzieli się, po roku 1989, na dwie fazy. Początkowo Polska przedstawiała siebie jako kraj „normalny”; około roku 2004 stopniowo przemieniała się w Polskę cierpienia i martyrologii. Ważną rolę w tej transformacji odegrał zewnętrzny obraz roli i losu Polski w czasie drugiej wojny światowej, powodując „holokaustyzację” polskiej tożsamości historycznej. W artykule analizowane są części składowe tej tożsamości i użytek z nich robiony w państwowej polityce historycznej.

scholarly journals Stranger/Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Joep Leerssen
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

Abstract Drawing on the working methods of imagology, this article surveys the way in which an implicit or tacit European self-image has taken shape over the centuries through contrast with two non-European Others: the New World and the Mediterranean. The article shows how these two others merge into a self-image of European alienation and moral perplexity following the devastations of the Second World War: the European cities have become kasbahs, Europe has become its own Other.

scholarly journals Dokia Humenna’s Depiction of the Second World War and the OUN in Khreshchatyi iar: How Readers Responded

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Myroslav Shkandrij
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Emigre Literature ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

<p class="EW-abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> When Dokia Humenna’s novel depicting the Second World War, <em>Khreshchatyi iar</em> (Khreshchatyk Ravine), was published in New York in 1956, it created a controversy. Readers were particularly interested in the way activists of the OUN were portrayed. This article analyzes readers’ comments and Humenna’s responses, which are today stored in the archives of the Ukrainian Academy of Science in New York. The novel is based on a diary Humenna kept during the German occupation of Kyiv in the years 1941-1943.</p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Dokia Humenna, <em>Khreshchatyi iar</em>, Second World War, OUN, Émigré Literature, Reader Response

Conclusion

War Tourism ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Bertram M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Second World

The study of memory tourism to war sites should not exclude the study of tourism during wartime. Both are components of war tourism, imparting meaning to war for both victors and vanquished. Both reflect their eras, whether through the gazes of the curious individual or the political and economic configurations sustaining the tourism industry. Germans who described a newfound appreciation of their homeland after touring occupied France show how tourism worked in two directions, impacting not only on the sites visited but also the self-image of the visitor. Local governments in France now reach a larger tourism public with new technology. A powerful hold of Second World War imagery in France continues to face ethical issues of sustainability and trivialization.

Austin, John Langshaw (1911–60)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Urmson
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Other Minds ◽  
World War ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

J.L. Austin was a leading figure in analytic philosophy in the fifteen years following the Second World War. He developed a method of close examination of nonphilosophical language designed to illuminate the distinctions we make in ordinary life. Professional philosophers tended to obscure these important and subtle distinctions with undesirable jargon which was too far removed from everyday usage. Austin thought that a problem should therefore be tackled by an examination of the way in which its vocabulary is used in ordinary situations. Such an approach would then expose the misuses of language on which many philosophical claims were based. In ‘Other Minds’ ([1946] 1961), Austin attacked the simplistic division of utterances into the ‘descriptive’ and ‘evaluative’ using his notion of a performatory, or performative utterances. His notion was that certain utterances, in the appropriate circumstances, are neither descriptive nor evaluative, but count as actions. Thus to say ‘I promise’ is to make a promise, not to talk about one. Later, he was to develop the concepts of locutionary force (what an utterance says or refers to), illocutionary force (what is intended by saying it) and perlocutionary force (what effects it has on others).

Modern Idiom in an Ancient Context

1962 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
G. H. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Simple Situation ◽  
Second Punic War ◽  
Direct Results ◽  
Second World ◽  
Proper Context ◽  
The Way

Since the Second World War we have been subjected to a flood of memoirs and counter-memoirs by generals, admirals, air marshals, and politicians. One of the direct results of this is that our vocabulary has been increased—if not enriched—by a military jargon. Most of the latter's terms have in fact very specialized meanings, and if they are used out of their proper context they can present a highly coloured view of a rather simple situation. Can these terms be applied with validity to historical situations of antiquity ? At first sight there is an attraction in theirvery modernity, for they seem to give a freshness of approach; but Professor Salmon's use of them in his recent article, ‘The Strategy of the Second Punic War’, has made the dangers of their use manifestly clear. By his use of these anachronisms—for that is surely what they are—Professor Salmon has given nothing new in the way of interpretation, but merely provided confirmation of Oman's dictum ‘Historians may have the most divergent views according to their predispositions’, and has exaggerated the capabilities of both sides beyond belief.

scholarly journals Introduction: European Integration across the Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
STEPHEN G. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

This forum explores continuities and transformations in the way Europeans thought about integrating their continent politically, economically and ideologically across the twentieth century. It questions the idea of aStunde Null, which sees European integration primarily as a response to the destruction of the Second World War. Instead, the forum shows how mentalities, ideologies, challenges and constraints that arose before 1945 shaped the way European elites conceptualised and pursued unification in the post-war decades. The European leaders who orchestrated integration after 1945 were looking both backward and forward, trying to revive older visions for a unified continent and overcome long-standing problems while simultaneously aspiring to a new, supranational regional order that would preserve Europe's position as a global power. In exploring such continuities, this forum adds a regionalist dimension to the burgeoning literature – by Patricia Clavin, Daniel Gorman, Mark Mazower and others – on the connections between interwar internationalism and the post-1945 global order, and on the continuity of intellectuals, experts and politicians through the middle half of the twentieth century.

From Heroisation to Competing Victimhoods. History Writing on the Second World War in Moldova

Südosteuropa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Suveica
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe author outlines the way identity perspectives determine the understanding of World War Two in Moldovan society, and the role of historians in this conception. She discusses how historians have adjusted their writing to fit a certain political discourse and have influenced how and what should people ‘remember’. Further questions at stake touch on the standing of Moldovan history writing in comparison with World War Two research published outside the country; the new tendencies in history writing; and whether these emerging currents might lead in the near future to the transcendence of the politicised approaches that are currently dominant.

ROOSEVELT'S MAN IN EUROPE

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Kenneth Weisbrode
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
World War ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Lewis Einstein (1877–1967) was a little-known diplomat who became one of Theodore Roosevelt's closest advisers on European affairs. Roosevelt's attraction to Einstein derived not only from a keen writing style and considerable fluency in European history, literature and politics, but also from his instinct for anticipating the future of European rivalries and for the important role the United States could play there in preserving peace. The two men shared a perspective on the twentieth century that saw the United States as a central arbiter and enforcer of international order—a position the majority of Americans would accept and promote only after the Second World War. The relationship between Roosevelt and Einstein sheds light on the rising status of American diplomacy and diplomats and their self-image vis-à-vis Europe at the turn of the twentieth century.

Things in Recent French Literature

PMLA ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
J. Robert Loy
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

Since the second world war, journalistic critics and generalizing cultural pundits have been pointing out to us that serious French literature is headed, on the one hand, toward an eventually sterile period of realistic despair, and, on the other, toward an intensification of difficult writing characterized by a kind of supreme indifference to audience on the part of the creator. Examples to prove their point are not lacking. There would seem to be, however, at least one other trend in recent French writing which, although owing something, perhaps, in the way of formation or occasion for reaction to the two types mentioned, falls not at all into such categories. For lack of a better name, and in order to avoid painful jargon, this literature might best be called a literature of Things.

scholarly journals Viðtökur á verkum Þórarins B. Þorlákssonar

Ritið ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-215
Author(s):  
Hlynur Helgason
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Time Function ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
20Th Century Art ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

Þórarinn B. Þorláksson (1867–1924) has been credited with being the first Icelandic professional painter. His reception, both during his lifetime and posthumously, is therefore an interesting indication of the changes in the outlook and ideology surrounding the reception of Scandinavian fin­de­siécle art up to the present. He was honourably mentioned by his contemporaries and then was forgotten in the upheavals surrounding the adoption of modern styles, such as abstract art, in Ice­land around the Second World War. He re­gained attention in the sixties and has since then been revered as an important, though problematic, pioneer of Icelandic painting. This has in recent years been especially evident in the way he has been mentioned in the context of the revival of Nordic and Scandinavian late 19th and early 20th century art in Northern­Europe and America. The paper reviews and analyses the historical reception Þorláksson has received and the way his work has been inscribed into the narrative of Icelandic and Scandinavian Art History. This process is an attempt to understand and contextualise Þorláksson’s work in aesthetic terms, while at the same time function as a critical mirror of the trends and ideolo­gies surrounding the Nordic revival in recent years.

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