Fabrication, Structural Characterization and Formation Mechanism of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Singh ◽  
S. B. Krupanidhi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Multiferroic Bifeo ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Perovskite Crystal

Multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) nanotubes have been successfully fabricated by the modified sol–gel method within the nanochannels of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The morphology, structure and composition of the nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution TEM, (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Postannealed (650 °C for 1 h), BFO nanotubes were polycrystalline and X-ray diffraction study revealed that they are of the rhomohedrally distorted perovskite crystal structure. The results of SEM and TEM revealed that BFO nanotubes possessed a uniform length (up to 60 μm) and diameter (about 200 nm), which were controlled by the thickness and the pore diameter of the applied AAO template, respectively and the thickness of the wall of the BFO nanotube was about 15 nm. Y-junctions in the BFO nanotubes were observed. EDX analysis demonstrated that stoichiometric BiFeO3 was formed. HRTEM analysis confirmed that the obtained BFO nanotubes made up of nanoparticles (3–6 nm). The possible formation mechanism of BFO nanotubes was discussed.

Lead Zirconate Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Growth Mechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5757-5761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyendra Singh ◽  
S. B. Krupanidhi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Resolution Tem

This paper reports an experimental study on the synthesis and structural characterization of lead zirconate, PbZrO3, (PZ) nanotubes fabricated by an improved sol–gel method within the nanochannels of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The morphology, structure, and composition of the nanotubes were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution TEM (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results of XRD and SAED indicated that postannealed (700 °C for 1 h) PZ nanotubes had an orthorhombic distorted perovskite polycrystalline crystal. SEM and TEM analysis revealed that PZ nanotubes possessed a uniform length and diameter, which were controlled by the thickness and the pore diameter of the applied AAO template, respectively and the thickness of the wall of the PZ nanotubes was about 15 nm. Y-junctions were also observed in the PZ nanotubes. EDX analysis demonstrated that stoichiometric PbZrO3 was formed. HRTEM image and a typical SEM image confirmed that the obtained PZ nanotubes composed of nanoparticles in the range of 4–8 nm. The possible formation mechanism of nanotubes was discussed.

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of pyrochlore Bi2Ti2O7 nanotubes

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2941-2947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zhou ◽  
Tae-Jin Park ◽  
Stanislaus S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alumina Template ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Bismuth titanate (Bi2Ti2O7) nanotubes were successfully synthesized with an alumina template-based sol-gel technique. As-synthesized nanotubes are smooth and uniform with diameters ranging from 180 to 330 nm and lengths varying from 7 to 12 μm. Extensive characterization of as-prepared samples has been performed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Photocatalytic studies indicate that as-prepared nanotubes possess higher photocatalytic activity than the corresponding bulk sample prepared without the use of an alumina template.

Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi2Se3 Hexagonal Nanosheet Crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1712-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Jia Jia Zhang ◽  
Wei Dong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanosheet crystals with uniform size were successfully prepared via a solvothermal method at 160°C for 22 h using bismuth trichloride(BiCl3) and selenium powder(Se) as raw materials, sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3) as a reducing agent, diethylene glycol(DEG) as solvent, and ammonia as pH regulator. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the obtained products. Results show that the as-synthesized samples are pure Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals. A possible growth mechanism for Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals is also discussed based on the experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of Preheating Temperature on Synthesis of Pure BiFeO3 via Sol–Gel Method

Nanopages ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
G. M. Taha ◽  
M. N. Rashed ◽  
M. S. El-Sadek ◽  
M. A. Moghazy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pure Bifeo3 ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Preheating Temperature

Abstract BiFeO3 (BFO) nanopowder was synthesized in a pure form via a sol- gel method based on glycol gel reaction. Effect of drying and preheating temperature on preventing other phases was studied. Many parameters were studied as calcination temperature and time & stirring temperature as well. The prepared powder was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction of powder (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). High pure BiFeO3 was obtained by preheated process at 400 °C for 0.5 h and calcination at 600 °C for 0.5 h without any impurities compared to dry at110 °C.

Preparation of Single-Crystal BiOCl Nanorods via Surfactant Soft-Template Inducing Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Bao Cao ◽  
Ruitao Lv ◽  
He Sun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Saed Pattern ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Triton X

Nanorods of a compound semiconductor, BiOCl, have been prepared from BiCl3 solutions containing a nonionic surfactant, t-octyl-(OCH2CH2)xOH, x=9, 10 (Triton X-100). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that the product was pure tetragonal phase bismoclite (BiOCl). The product was also characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The as-obtained BiOCl nanorods possess mean diameters less than 40nm and lengths ranging in 160-400nm. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern showed the single-crystal nature of as-prepared BiOCl nanorods. The growth mechanism of BiOCl nanorods has also been proposed.

Investigation on Nano-Sized ZnO Powder Doped with Al3+ Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Yu Xiong ◽  
Ji Zheng ◽  
Song Lin Li ◽  
Xue Jia Liu ◽  
Lu Liang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Zno Powder ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride

Al3+-doped ZnO nano-powder was prepared by sol-gel process, using tin tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride as starting materials. The crystallinity and purity of the powder were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD). And the size and distribution of Al3+-doped ZnO grains were studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the Al3+ was successfully doped into the crystal lattice of tin oxide and that the electric conductivity of Al3+-doped ZnO sample was improved significantly.

Synthesis and Characterization of MgPSZ-PMMA Composite by Sol-Gel Modification and Direct Foaming Technique Using Egg Whites

2016 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Veni Takarini ◽  
Alfend Rudyawan ◽  
Andri Hardiansyah ◽  
Rifki Septawendar ◽  
Niki Prastomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Foaming ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Direct Foaming Method

This study prepared Magnesium-Partially Stabilized Zirconia (Mg-PSZ) filler synthesis and direct foaming technique using egg whites, and impregnated by PMMA. The results were evaluated systematically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). XRD results denote that the powder sample of MgPSZ was successfully formed with various crystal size of tetragonal and monoclinic phase. SEM and TEM observations revealed that nanoparticles MgPSZ were in spherical and long rounded shapes. Furthermore, SEM observation revealed that the direct foaming method were also successful in the formation of porous structures which favourable for impregnation process by PMMA. The use of egg whites as a polymer precursor in both methods demonstrates that porous specimens contained nanosized, predominantly tetragonal, Mg-PSZ powders were successfully synthesized. This shall yield an interesting prospect towards cheap, reliable, and biocompatible product to resemble the modulus elasticity of dentin.

Studies on conducting nanocomposite with gallium nitride–doped ferrite, part – I

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Indrakanti ◽  
V Brahmaji Rao ◽  
C Udaya Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ferromagnetic State ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scherrer Formula

This article presents the synthesis and the structural, morphological, magnetic and spectroscopic characterisations of GaN-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles prepared by the sol–gel method. The ‘Sci find’ software was unable to trace any of the references to point out the earlier knowledge and existence of this novel compound in the literature. We claim our contribution for the same. The structural analysis is done using the X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, while the morphological analysis is done by the scanning electron microscope and the transmission electron microscope. The samples show a simple cubic crystalline structure. The morphological and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and the infrared studies confirm the composition of the material and the particle sizes of the samples are found to be in the range of 9–27 nm (for x = 0.5) and 23–30 nm (for x = 0.75). The particle sizes, obtained from the histogram evaluations, the Debye–Scherrer formula in X-ray diffraction and the selected area electron diffraction measurements are all in good agreement. The room temperature magnetic measurements obtained using the vibration sample magnetometer for x = 0.5, 0.75,1 and 5 are presented as the hysteresis curves and their related plots. The discussion about the conclusions drawn therein infers that the coercivity increases with the concentration. The compound exhibits spinel structure and vivid changes from the super paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic state.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL LITHIUM TITANATE

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
HUI-LING ZHAO ◽  
BING LIU ◽  
XING-TANG ZHANG ◽  
YUN-CAI LI ◽  
YA-BIN HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Lithium titanate powders of different morphologies were synthesized by improved hydrothermal technique, which was performed at 90°C and atmospheric pressure for 20 h. By changing the solution in the reaction, nanoparticles, flowers petal-like structures, and nanorods of lithium titanate have been obtained, especially nanoparticles with well-crystalline structures were obtained. The morphology and micro-structure of the as-synthesized products were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED).

scholarly journals Fabrication and characterization of ferrites (Mg and Mn) based on FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Ing Hua ◽  
Rita Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Thermal Agitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

This study has encountered with the fabrication of ferrites (Mg and Mn) using citric acid as anionic surfactant in sol-gel method followed by calcinations at varied temperatures (300, 600, 800°C) for 2h, respectively. The fabricated ferrites have been characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The FTIR spectrum for MnFeO3 shows that some functional groups already removed under 300°C calcination due to several oxidation numbers possessed by Mn leading to more flexibility. The XRD diffractograms for both MgFe2O4 and MnFeO3 show that the transition phase from amorphous to crystalline structure occurred in the temperature range of 300-600°C. The SEM mappings based on the Fe distribution for both MgFe2O4 and MnFeO3 show that more Fe distributed over the ferrites surface at 600 and 800°C, while the SEM mappings for both ferrites (Mg and Mn) show less Fe distribution at 300°C calcination, thus, it indicates more repulsion force bearing by higher amounts of Fe atoms at higher thermal agitation due to volume expansion. The TEM spectra proved that both ferrites existed as crystals after calcined at 600°C. The fabricated ferrites have remarkable electrical properties useful for the manufacture of semiconducting materials.

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