Gold Nanoparticles with Dexmedetomidine Regulate GSK-3β to Reduce Neurocognitive Effects in Anesthetized Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 6205-6211
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Zumin Xing ◽  
Jiyuan Li ◽  
Shuyi Tang ◽  
Yiwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Neurocognitive Effect

The aim of this study was to explore the neurocognitive effects of dexmedetomidine-loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-dexmedetomidine) on anesthetized rats. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats (age, 2–3 weeks; weight, 250–280 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20): the control group and two groups that received intraperitoneal injection of AuNPs-dexmedetomidine at 50 and 100 μg/kg each. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of GSK-3β, respectively. Compared with that in the control group, GSK-3β expression in AuNP-dexmedetomidine groups increased (P < 0.05). The protein expression of GSK-3β was higher and mRNA expression was significantly lower in the 100 μg/kg AuNP-dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). AuNPs-dexmedetomidine reduced the neurocognitive effect on anesthetized rats through the regulation of the GSK-3β signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoylethanolamide ameliorates osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1486
Author(s):  
Jae In Jung ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Young Eun Jeon ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Su Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractNovel treatment strategies are urgently required for osteoarthritis (OA). Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to examine its effect on OA and elucidate the molecular mechanism of actions in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA Sprague–Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into normal control group (injected with saline + treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NOR), control group (injected with MIA + treated with PBS, CON), 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day PEA-treated group (injected with MIA + treated with 50 or 100 mg of PEA/kg BW/day, PEA50 or PEA100), and positive control group (injected with MIA + treated with 6 mg of diclofenac/kg BW/day, DiC). The changes in blood parameters, body parameters, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, knee thickness, and joint tissue were observed. Oral administration of PEA had no adverse effects on the BW, liver, or kidneys. PEA reduced knee joint swelling and cartilage degradation in MIA-induced OA rats. The serum levels of leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and prostaglandin E2 considerably reduced in the PEA100 group compared with those in the CON group. In the synovia of knee joints, the mRNA expression of iNOS, 5-Lox, Cox-2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, and Mmp-2, -3, -9, and -13 apparently increased with MIA administration. Meanwhile, Timp-1 mRNA expression apparently decreased in the CON group but increased to the normal level with PEA treatment. Thus, PEA can be an effective therapeutic agent for OA.

scholarly journals The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae In Jung ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Young Eun Jeon ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Su Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Novel treatment strategies are urgently required for osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to examine its effect on OA and molecular mechanism of actions in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: normal control group (injected with saline + treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NOR), control group (injected with MIA + treated with PBS, CON), 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day PEA-treated group (injected with MIA + treated with 50 or 100 mg of PEA/kg BW/day, PEA50 or PEA 100), and positive control group (injected with MIA + treated with 6 mg of diclofenac/kg BW/day, DiC). Changes in blood and body parameters, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, knee thickness, and joint tissue were observed. We found no adverse effects of oral administration of PEA on BW, liver, or kidneys. PEA reduced knee joint swelling and cartilage degradation in MIA-induced OA rats. The serum levels of leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and prostaglandin E2 considerably reduced in the PEA100 group compared to those in the CON group. In the synovia of knee joints, mRNA expression of iNOS, 5-Lox, Cox-2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, Mmp-2, -3, -9, and − 13 noticeably reduced with MIA administration. Meanwhile, Timp-1 mRNA expression noticeably decreased in the CON group but increased to the normal level with PEA treatment. Thus, we demonstrated that PEA can be used as an effective therapeutic agent for OA.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal injection of PDTC on the NF-kB signaling pathway and osteogenesis indexes of young adult rats with anterior palatal suture expansion model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0243108
Author(s):  
Yafang Li ◽  
Yiqiang Qiao ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Zao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Expansion Model

In recent years, many studies have found that mechanical tension can activiate NF-kB signal pathway and NF-kB plays an important role in the process of osteogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether this process exists in the anterior palatal suture expansion. In this paper, we mainly studied the effect of intraperitoneal injection of PDTC on the NF-kB signaling pathway and osteogenesis index of the anterior palatal suture expansion model in young adult rats. The expansion model is grouped and established: 45 male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, an expansion only (EO) group, an expansion plus PDTC (PE) group, and a control group. The results revealed that PDTC inhibited the activity of NF-kB signaling pathway and promote one morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), steocalatin (OCN) expression. Compared with the control group, the optical density (OD) value of BMP in the EO group and PE group rats increased significantly from the first day to the seventh day, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 6.0Gy irradiation, PDTC administration group could slightly increase the total SOD level in the liver and serum of rats, and reduce the MDA level in the liver and serum, especially the effect of 60mg/kg and 90mg/kg was the most obvious.

scholarly journals Increased Activity of the Intracardiac Oxytocinergic System in the Development of Postinfarction Heart Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wsol ◽  
Kaja Kasarello ◽  
Marek Kuch ◽  
Kamila Gala ◽  
Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increased Activity

Aim.The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the development of postinfarction heart failure is associated with a change of activity of the intracardiac oxytocinergic system.Methods.Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to myocardial infarction or sham surgery. Four weeks after the surgery, blood samples were collected and the samples of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were harvested for evaluation of the mRNA expression (RT-PCR) of oxytocin (OT), oxytocin receptor (OTR), natriuretic peptides, and the level of OT and OTR protein (ELISA). The concentration of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide was measured to determine the presence of heart failure.Results.Plasma NT-proBNP concentration was higher in the infarcted rats. In the infarcted rats, the expression of OT mRNA and the OT protein level were higher in the RV. There were no significant differences between infarcted and noninfarcted rats in the expression of OT mRNA and in the OT protein level in the fragments of the LV. In both the left and the right ventricles, OTR mRNA expression was lower but the level of OTR protein was higher in the infarcted rats.Conclusions.In the present study, we indicate that postinfarction heart failure is associated with an increased activity of the intracardiac oxytocinergic system.

scholarly journals Melatonin in the Regulation of Liver Steatosis following Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Meng Tiao ◽  
Li-Tung Huang ◽  
Chih-Jen Chen ◽  
Jiunn-Ming Sheen ◽  
You-Lin Tain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Leptin Expression

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients are characterized by hepatic steatosis. Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure can result in steatosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanism and cellular apoptosis of prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure in rats and whether melatonin can rescue the prenatal glucocorticoid-induced steatosis and apoptosis in neonatal rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at gestational days 14 to 21 were administered dexamethasone. Acute effects of prenatal programming liver were assessed at postnatal day 7. The expression of proteins involved in the apoptotic and methylation pathways was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis and steatosis were examined by histology staining. The liver steatosis and apoptosis were increased in prenatal glucocorticoid group more than in control group and decreased in melatonin group. The expression of leptin decreased in prenatal glucocorticoid and increased in melatonin group by liver RT-PCR and Western blot study. Caspase 3, TNF-αproteins expression, and TUNEL stains increased in prenatal glucocorticoid compared with control and decreased in melatonin group. The liver histone deacetylase, DNA methyltransferase activity, and DNA methylation were increased in prenatal glucocorticoid and decreased in melatonin group. The present study showed that the prenatal glucocorticoid induced programming liver steatosis at day 7 after delivery, possibly via altered leptin expression. Melatonin can reverse the methylation of leptin and decreased liver steatosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Homocysteine Metabolism through Regulating the Gene Expressions Involved in Methionine Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Xiaojie Hu ◽  
Nicholas Khan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Key Genes

The objective was to investigate the regulatory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on mRNA expression of key genes involved in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The oils were orally administered daily for 8 weeks. Plasma Hcy, phospholipids fatty acids, and mRNA expression were determined. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy was significantly decreased in the 22:6n-3and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) groups; mRNA expression ofMthfrwas significantly upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, and 18:3n-3groups and downregulated in the 18:2n-6and stearolic acid (SO) groups.Mat1awas upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3, and CLA groups. In addition,Cbswas upregulated in the 22:6n-3, 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3and CLA groups while downregulated in 18:2n-6and SO groups. Dietary 22:6n-3and CLA decrease the plasma concentration of Hcy. mRNA expression ofMthfr, Mat1a, CbsandPemt, Gnmt, Mtrr, andBadis upregulated byn-3PUFA and downregulated byn-6PUFA. CLA upregulates mRNA expression ofMat1aandCbs.

Effects and Mechanisms of Auricular Electroacupuncture on Visceral Pain Induced by Colorectal Distension in Conscious Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Shasha Hu ◽  
Jianbin Zhang ◽  
Jingzhu Zhou ◽  
Hongxing Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colorectal Distension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Auricular Electroacupuncture ◽  
Raphé Nuclei

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension (CRD). Methods Twenty-nine female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control; untreated CRD; CRD+AEA; and CRD+sham electroacupuncture (SEA). An electromyogram (EMG) was recorded for 120 min in the conscious state. After a 30 min baseline recording, CRD was performed in untreated CRD, AEA and SEA groups and lasted for 90 min. AEA and SEA were started at 30 min and lasted for 30 min. The EMG was recorded and analysed to evaluate the severity of visceral pain, indicated by the magnitude of the vasomotor response (VMR). mRNA expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1a (5-HT1a) receptor was measured separately in the colon and raphe nuclei using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results No differences were seen in the baseline EMG among the four groups (p>0.05). During pre-stimulation, VMR magnitude in the CRD, AEA and SEA groups increased compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). During stimulation, the VMR magnitude was significantly decreased in AEA but not SEA groups relative to the (untreated) CRD group. Similarly, mRNA expression of the 5-HT1a receptor in both the colon and raphe nuclei was lower in AEA but not SEA groups compared with the CRD group (p<0.05). Conclusions AEA can ameliorate CRD-induced visceral pain in rats, and increase mRNA expression of the 5-HT1a receptor peripherally (in the colon) and centrally (in the raphe nuclei), suggesting a serotonergic mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Liu ◽  
Xiong Xue ◽  
Junsheng Tian ◽  
Xuemei Qin ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles Affect Pericyte Biology and Capillary Tube Formation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Sasikarn Looprasertkul ◽  
Amornpun Sereemaspun ◽  
Nakarin Kitkumthorn ◽  
Kanidta Sooklert ◽  
Tewarit Sarachana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Cell Functions

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, especially antiangiogenesis, which are accomplished via inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. However, no research has been performed on the effects of AuNPs in pericytes, which play vital roles in endothelial cell functions and capillary tube formation during physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, the effects of AuNPs on the morphology and functions of pericytes need to be elucidated. This study treated human placental pericytes in monoculture with 20 nm AuNPs at a concentration of 30 ppm. Ki-67 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) mRNA expression was measured using real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell migration was assessed by Transwell migration assay. The fine structures of pericytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, 30 ppm AuNP-treated pericytes and intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cocultured on Matrigel to form three-dimensional (3D) capillary tubes. The results demonstrated that AuNPs significantly inhibited proliferation, reduced PDGFR-β mRNA expression, and decreased migration in pericytes. Ultrastructural analysis of pericytes revealed AuNPs in late endosomes, autolysosomes, and mitochondria. Remarkably, many mitochondria were swollen or damaged. Additionally, capillary tube formation was reduced. We found that numerous pericytes on 3D capillary tubes were round and did not extend their processes along the tubes, which resulted in more incomplete tube formation in the treatment group compared with the control group. In summary, AuNPs can affect pericyte proliferation, PDGFR-β mRNA expression, migration, morphology, and capillary tube formation. The findings highlight the possible application of AuNPs in pericyte-targeted therapy for antiangiogenesis.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

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